Rural depopulation and recent landscape changes in a Mediterranean region: Consequences to the breeding avifauna   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Eric Preiss  Jean-Louis Martin  Max Debussche 《Landscape Ecology》1997,12(1):51-61

We studied the vegetational and avifaunistic changes following rural depopulation in an area covering 2,600 ha north of Montpellier (Southern France). The study area is covered by a mosaic of Mediterranean habitats that includes cultivation, grasslands, shrublands, and woodlands and is representative of the natural features present and of the human usage practiced so far in this part of the Mediterranean. We sampled the vegetation and the bird fauna in the same 193 census plots in 1978 and in 1992. At both the habitat and landscape scales the cover of woody plants increased significantly. Open habitats tend to disappear. As a consequence the abundance of open-habitat bird species decreased significantly whereas the abundance of forest birds increased significantly. These changes favor a pool of forest species widespread in western Europe and reduce habitat availability for open habitat and shrubland species. Many of the latter are Mediterranean species whose distribution in Western Europe could become reduced under current landscape dynamics. Our observation of more woodlands and their typical birds and of less open habitats and their associated avifauna is not consistent with the traditional worry shown by the public and the managers about the regression of forests and woodlands in the Northern Mediterranean as a consequence of fire.  相似文献   

Estimating dispersibility of Acer,Fraxinus and Tilia in fragmented landscapes from patterns of seedling establishment     

W. Carter Johnson 《Landscape Ecology》1988,1(3):175-187

Relative dispersibility of Tilia americana L., Acer saccharum Marsh. and Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh, was inferred from the ratio among species-specific regression coefficients () computed from seedling density-distance plots. Density counts were made in spatially-uniform old fields adjacent to single seed sources or monotypic fencerows. Resultant seedling shadow curves approximate the negative exponential form expected for many seeds (log y=a–X). This basic curve shape fit species of differing dispersibility, dispersal under a range of wind directions and one-year-old or all-aged cohorts. The ratios of were 1:2.6:3.2 for Tilia, Acer and Fraxinus, respectively, in order of increasing dispersibility. Vegetation patches isolated from seed sources by several hundred meters or more should have extremely low input of seeds, especially Tilia and Acer.The finding that Fraxinus disperses farther than Acer was unexpected, since the samaras of the former have faster terminal velocities. The relationship can be explained by better performance of Fraxinus samaras in the stronger winds experienced by trees in open landscapes, poorer formation of the samara abscission layer, and release of samaras following leaf abscission and during the winter when winds are the strongest. Both the samara plan and dispersal phenology need to be considered in estimating relative dispersibility among species.  相似文献   

宁夏毛乌素沙地退化草原恢复演替过程中物种多样性与生产力的变化   总被引：5，自引：7，他引：5  

王占军  蒋齐  潘占兵  陈云云  郭永忠 《草业科学》2005,22(4):5-8

对宁夏毛乌素沙地退化草原种植不同林龄柠条Caragana korshinskii后物种的多样性、群落结构及草地生产力进行了研究,结果表明:种植柠条林对退化草地的植被恢复有积极的作用,植物群落的多样性随柠条林龄的增加而增加,而且随林龄年份的增加,群落结构更趋于稳定.草地生产力由于土壤储水量相对较高,表现为随林龄的增加,草产量受季节降水量变化的影响较小,相对稳定的趋势.  相似文献   

浅谈地票交易二级市场构建问题     

覃琳  胡渝清  叶涛 《江西农业学报》2014,(11)

明确了构建地票交易二级市场的思路,设定了构建地票交易二级市场应首先明确市场主体、客体、交易场所、交易方式、交易流程及规则等市场要素,并在此基础上分析了地票交易二级市场的开放步骤,最后对市场的监管机制进行了设计,以确保地票交易二级市场的平稳、健康运行。  相似文献   

Definition,Classification, and Pathophysiology of Canine Glaucoma     

《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2015,45(6):1127-1157

  相似文献   

分叉管流动的数值模拟   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

M.BELMILOUD  陈善群 《排灌机械》2005,23(2):39-41,48

采用非结构、非均匀的网格和有限元方法,通过求解Navier-Stokes方程,对90°分叉管的流动进行了并行数值模拟的研究。计算网格为500000个有限单元,计算Reynolds数为1500。计算结果给出了90°分叉管详细的流动结构。  相似文献   

Gene Discovery and Characterization from Non-sequenced Medicinal Plants     

D. Inzé 《分子植物育种》2007,5(2):169-169

Plant-derived secondary metabolites still constitute important resources for currently prescribed drugs and for the discovery of active principles which are effective in new indication areas. Promising compounds are often exclusively found in wild medicinal plants and the classical plant-based pharmaceutical production approach has been hampered by low yields, lack of reproducibility and the high complexity of plant extracts （Rischer and Oksman-Caldentey, 2005）. Influencing the accumulation of target compounds by breeding or genetic engineering is greatly impeded because in most cases the general biosynthetic routes are incompletely understood.  相似文献   

陕北黄土丘陵区退耕地植物群落演替特征     

刘宝军  赵晓光  党小虎  王国梁  袁子成 《中国水土保持科学》2012,10(5):77-83

为了解黄土丘陵区侵蚀地貌退耕地植物群落演替模式及其基本特征,以陕北安塞纸坊沟流域的20块不同年限退耕地和荒坡为研究对象,采用空间代替时间序列的方法进行植物群落的调查和演替特征的分析。结果表明:退耕地植物群落大致经历了茵陈蒿群落—杂类草—狗尾草群落—长芒草群落—铁杆蒿群落—茭蒿群落的演替过程。植物群落的Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数均表现出随演替进行而上升的变化规律,但上升的速率各异;演替前期和中期的群落基本上属于对数级数分布,说明该阶段的物种组成主要是生态位预占模式起作用,演替后期的群落属于对数正态分布,可能是生态位预占、周围繁殖体的侵入压力、种间竞争和其他因素共同作用的结果;群落盖度变化与演替时间符合二次函数变化规律。  相似文献   

桂西北喀斯特地区不同土地利用类型土壤抗蚀性研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

陈佳  陈洪松  冯腾  王克林  张伟 《中国生态农业学报》2012,20(1):105-110

土壤抗蚀性是反映土壤抵抗侵蚀能力的重要参数之一,是土壤侵蚀研究的重要内容。本文选取土壤有机质、水稳性团聚体、团聚体结构破坏率、团聚状况、团聚度、分散率和<0.05 mm粉黏粒含量等7个指标,通过单因素方差分析及主成分分析,探讨了桂西北喀斯特地区5种不同土地利用类型土壤抗蚀性的差异。结果表明:原生林和次生林土壤有机质含量显著(P<0.05)高于撂荒地、坡耕地和人工林,撂荒地土壤有机质含量较坡耕地和人工林高,但差异不显著。原生林、次生林及撂荒地土壤>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体总量及团聚状况显著高于坡耕地及人工林,但其土壤团聚体结构破坏率及分散率显著低于坡耕地;人工林土壤团聚体结构破坏率显著高于次生林,但与原生林、撂荒地和坡耕地差异不显著;人工林土壤分散率则与坡耕地类似,显著低于原生林、次生林及撂荒地;原生林、次生林土壤团聚度与撂荒地、坡耕地差异不显著,但显著高于人工林;次生林、撂荒地及人工林<0.05 mm粉黏粒含量与原生林、坡耕地差异不显著,但坡耕地土壤<0.05 mm粉黏粒含量显著高于原生林。由主成分分析综合评分得到土壤抗蚀性强弱顺序为:原生林>次生林>撂荒地>坡耕地>人工林。因此,喀斯特地区人为干扰严重降低了土壤的抗蚀性,耕地通过撂荒方式能够提高土壤抗蚀性。  相似文献   

土壤水分对黄土丘陵区演替序列种种间竞争的影响     

高艳  杜峰  王雁南  王月  李伟伟  时慧君 《水土保持研究》2016,(6):192-197

种间竞争是不同物种为争夺资源发生的相互关系,对群落植被演替、恢复有重要意义。同时水分是黄土丘陵区植物生长的限制因素,该区多物种种间水资源竞争研究较少,为此选取该区6种演替序列种,采用种对试验法研究其对土壤水分变化的竞争响应。结果表明:(1)除狗尾草外,其他5种植物的生长指标和土壤水分变化趋势基本一致,地下部分变化程度大于地上部分。不同植物最适水分条件不同。(2)单位竞争能力与总竞争能力相似地反映植物种间竞争状况。狗尾草和白羊草在中高水竞争力均高于同组的猪毛蒿、达乌里胡枝子,低水反之。铁杆蒿随着水分减少,竞争力低于茭蒿。受水分胁迫时,达乌里胡枝子、白羊草的竞争力茭蒿、铁杆蒿猪毛蒿、狗尾草,即演替后期种竞争能力演替中期演替初期,符合演替生态位理论。竞争的不对称随着环境生产力的增加而降低。随着演替中土壤水分的减少,物种耐水分胁迫的能力逐渐增强,从而促使演替的继续。  相似文献