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1.
European policies and instruments such as the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and many instruments for nature and landscape
conservation in Europe have for some decades been dominated by centralisation and standardisation. This paper shows that this
has led to the neglect of contextual and place-related approaches and an unnecessarily high degree of over-simplification.
Recently, as a reaction to this over-simplification, diversity and specific character has been particularly stressed in many
European and national strategies for rural landscapes and conservation, but the processes of simplification still continue.
Using examples from mixed agriculture and forestry landscapes in Portugal, Slovenia and Sweden, this paper aims to contribute
to understanding the gap between centrally defined strategies for rural landscapes and awareness and management practices
at local level. The three countries are situated at the outer fringes of Europe, and are complementary with their different
degrees of urbanisation, forest distribution and tree-richness in the agricultural landscapes. Furthermore, the aim is to
show how local landscape management is driven and to identify factors contributing to a better use of public policies through
a participatory process with visions for the future. Systems of landscape classifications such as landscape character assessment
often recognise the specific character of these landscapes, but have so far achieved very little for the preservation of their
locally specific values, nor have they contributed to the development and the creation of new visions for future management.
Such systems could contribute much more if they could be opened to adaptation on a more local scale in communication-led management
planning. 相似文献
2.
Participatory National Forest Programmes (NFPs) intend to democratise forest sector policy, but they may suffer from a fundamental democratic legitimisation deficit since the stakeholders involved are neither democratically authorised nor accountable to the population. In order to scrutinise the empirical relevance of this problem in the case of the German NFP, it is analysed how the German population on the one hand and the NFP participants on the other hand assess central forest policy aims of the NFP, and how far both assessments coincide. Two surveys based on identical questionnaires are used as the data base. The respondents assessed the importance of the respective aims as well as at their implementation. Results show that the population considers the majority of the NFP aims to be generally relevant, but assesses the majority of the aims significantly differently from the stakeholders. The formal legitimisation deficit of the German NFP therefore also matters in terms of content. Discussing the NFP among the elected representatives and in the public seems indispensable.Moreover, the differences in the assessment of some policy aims are significantly dependent on how people judge the image of forest enterprises between the opposing poles of profit orientation and nature protection. Public acceptance of those aims could be furthered more appropriately by adjusting the partly incorrect image of forestry rather than by providing more information about the particular aims and their background. 相似文献
3.
The Regional Forest Agreement process has dominated Australian forest policy for the past decade. The RFA process set in place a mechanism by which benchmark conservation values were established for forest ecosystems, whilst addressing the needs of the timber industry. The outcomes of a number of RFA's have been fraught with controversy. Key stakeholder groups have shown disagreement with processes and outcomes of methods employed by government both in establishing conservation reserves and areas allocated to timber harvesting. This research uses non-linear techniques to examine the dynamical behavior in stakeholder responses and to identify patterns of behavior that may lead to prediction of stakeholder responses. The method developed in this research provides a bridge between social sciences and Chaos theory.1 相似文献
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5.
Because of its complex, multi-dimensional nature, agricultural sustainability is most often assessed using numerous indicators, which make aggregate comparisons among different production systems difficult. In this paper we propose a methodology that could be beneficial in aggregate sustainability assessment. We apply the method of conjoint analysis to select economic, social, and ecological attributes that are perceived as important for agricultural sustainability by different stakeholders and to assess their relative impact on the overall sustainability measure. Our method presents a flexible framework which could be adopted for a variety of specific applications and allows drawing comparisons among various stakeholder groups based on how they perceive agricultural sustainability. 相似文献
6.
通过问卷调查法、统计分析法、多维评分法等方法对土地整理项目的利益相关者进行界定和分类,确定了25种利益相关者,将其分为3类:核心利益相关者,包括县级政府、县级国土部门、县级土地整理中心、农民集体经济组织、农户、乡级政府、村民委员会;中间利益相关者,包括中央政府、国土资源部、国土资源部土地整理中心、省级国土部门、省级土地整理中心、县级财政部门、县级水利部门、政府监察部门、政府审计部门、社会公众;外围利益相关者,包括县级环保部门、县级农业部门、监理机构、设计机构、工程承包商、设备供应商、材料供应商、招标代理机构。项目管理者应当重视利益相关者的利益诉求,并采取不同的应对策略。 相似文献
7.
Stuart W. Bunting 《Aquaculture International》2008,16(2):153-169
Horizontal integration represents a technically viable opportunity for aquaculture producers to reduce environmental impacts
whilst apparently enhancing production efficiency and gaining from economies of integration. Despite significant research,
pilot-scale developments and recommendations advocating adoption by producers, uptake has been limited. Consequently, research
was undertaken, invoking the iterative Delphi methodology, to explore consensus amongst a multidisciplinary stakeholder panel
concerning the nature and significance of constraints and opportunities associated with horizontal integration. Round 1 participants
(n = 24) submitted 84 and 94 statements identifying constraints and opportunities, respectively, within physical, environmental,
managerial, institutional, economic and social subcategories; aggregating similar statements produced 29 distinct constraints
and 27 opportunities for subsequent evaluation. Friedman’s randomised block analysis indicated similar rank patterns (P < 0.001, two-tailed) in the distribution of weights assigned to opportunities and constraints by panel members after round
3. Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (W) indicated that agreement on constraints was ‘strong’ and confidence in rank patterns ‘high’; agreement was ‘very strong’
and confidence ‘high’ to ‘unusually high’ concerning opportunities. Agreement within subcategories ranged from ‘unusually
high’ for physical and environmental constraints and opportunities to ‘moderate’ for institutional and social constraints.
Economic, physical and managerial constraints were ranked highest, as compared with environmental and physical opportunities.
These findings confirm that constraints and opportunities associated with horizontal integration are multifaceted and that
a multidisciplinary, systems-based approach to aquaculture development is critical. Furthermore, the stakeholder Delphi constitutes
a promising approach to facilitating constructive dialogue and consensus-building amongst diverse, antagonistic and hierarchical
stakeholder groups frequently associated with aquaculture development. 相似文献
8.
C. Clare Hinrichs 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):209-213
Despite its vigor, agrifood studies research faces two fault lines: the durability of disciplines, and challenges in engaging
non-academic stakeholders. In this essay, I use the concept of boundary work from social studies of science and technology
to reflect on the challenges and opportunities for more engaged interdisciplinary research in agrifood studies. I draw on
recent field visits to several “sustainable food chain” research projects funded through the Rural Economy and Land Use Programme
(RELU), an innovative interdisciplinary research initiative of the UK Research Councils, to highlight the contradictory nature
of boundary work in interdisciplinary research. Involving efforts both to bridge interfaces and to separate, exclude and manage
other disciplines or stakeholders, boundary work is inherent to interdisciplinarity. Innovations in the organizational culture
of projects and in the larger structural context for research can multiply the more generative potential of boundary work,
and also yield more and better interdisciplinary research in agrifood studies.
相似文献
| C. Clare HinrichsEmail: |
9.
Sustainability and multifunctionality in French farms: Analysis
of the implementation of Territorial Farming Contracts 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mohamed Gafsi Geneviève Nguyen Bruno Legagneux Patrice Robin 《Agriculture and Human Values》2006,23(4):463-475
Sustainable agriculture and ways to achieve it are important issues for agricultural policy. However, the concept of sustainability has yet to be made operational in many agricultural situations, and only a few studies so far have addressed the implementation process of sustainable agriculture. This paper provides an assessment of the Territorial Farming Contracts (TFC) – the French model for implementing sustainable agriculture – and aims to give some insights into the ways to facilitate the development of sustainable farming. Using a systems approach, the founding concept of the TFC model, an analysis has been made of the TFCs signed in the Midi-Pyrenees Region in south-western France. The results show that the first aspect of sustainability apparent in farmers’ projects referred to economic objectives. The environmental and social aspects were not foremost in the farming changes undertaken. In addition, the territorial dimension of the TFC was under-addressed. The majority of TFCs reveal a moderate or even low convergence with territorial priorities. These results are explained partly by the dominance of professional farming organizations in the implementation of TFC, and they imply that the organizational social dimensions of sustainability must not be neglected.
Mohamed
Gafsi
is an assistant professor of farm management at the National School of Agronomic Training. He received his PhD in management science at the University of Bourgogne. His research interests include farm management and protection of natural resources, corporate environmental management, sustainable agriculture, and African family farms.
Geneviève Nguyen
is assistant professor in rural economics at the National Polytechnique Institute – National Superior School of Agronomy, in Toulouse. Her research interests include the dynamics of agrarian institutions in uncertain economies, the supply and organization of services in remote rural areas. Her research has been carried out in Europe, Africa, and Asia. She received her MA in Economics and her PhD in Agricultural Economics from the Ohio State University.
Bruno Legagneux
is assistant professor of farm management at the National Polytechnique Institute – National Superior School of Agronomy, in Toulouse. His research interests include farm management and the entry of young farmers into farming.
Patrice Robin
is an engineer agronomist. He received his diploma from the National Superior School of Agronomy, in Montpellier. He is currently a doctoral candidate at the University of Toulouse. His research interests include agriculture and rural development, environmental issues, and food quality. 相似文献
10.
Attrition and fragmentation of natural habitats remains one of the most persistent problems for conservationists. Exactly how habitat loss leads to the loss of biodiversity is not easily pinned down, and varies across species, taxonomic groups and landscapes. Integrating theory with conservation on the ground is challenging due to the multi-faceted nature of the problem. Here, we briefly highlight and review key scientific results from an ongoing long-term ornithological research project in the highly fragmented and threatened forests of the Taita Hills, SE Kenya. The findings point to the inability of birds to disperse between remnant habitats, or to adjust to changing habitat quality as the main mechanisms underlying adverse effects of forest loss on birds. We integrated our findings and their implications for conservation in a recent stakeholders’ workshop bringing together scientists, government officials and members of the local community in the Taita Hills. During this workshop the local community and the government voiced their priorities concerning these forest resources, by identifying the pressing problems and suggesting best avenues of mitigating them. We discuss how the scientific results and recommendations from a biodiversity standpoint are being translated into actual conservation, taking into account the views and priorities of other key stakeholders. This exemplifies one of the few unique situations in eastern Africa where enormous effort is being made towards bridging the chronic gap between scientists, government and local communities concerning the conservation of natural resources. We believe that this approach holds great promise for achieving lasting conservation on the ground. 相似文献