海南豇豆蚜对敌敌畏、三氟氯氰菊酯、辛硫磷和氰戊菊酯的敏感性测定     

陈青  卢芙萍 《中国农学通报》2009,25(13):179-181

就海南省崖城、金江、通什和两院地区豇豆上的豇豆蚜对敌敌畏、三氟氯氰菊酯、辛硫磷和氰戊菊酯的敏感性进行了初步调查与研究。试验结果表明,不同地区豇豆蚜对敌敌畏、三氟氯氰菊酯、辛硫磷和氰戊菊酯的敏感性存在明显差异。崖城和金江两地区豇豆蚜种群对三氟氯氰菊酯、辛硫磷、氰戊菊酯和DDV均表现出较强的抗药性。以两院地区豇豆蚜作为敏感品系,崖城和金江两地区豇豆蚜种群对三氟氯氰菊酯、辛硫磷、氰戊菊酯、DDV的LC50抗性比值分别为21.86倍、22.78倍、17.88倍、13.49倍和10.91倍、12.59倍、11.47倍和13.49倍。通什地区的豇豆蚜对三氟氯氰菊酯、辛硫磷、氰戊菊酯和DDV的抗性也有一定的提高,与两院种群LC50抗性比值分别为1.58倍、12.27倍、4.45倍和2.28倍。而且崖城、金江和通什地区豇豆蚜种群对三氟氯氰菊酯、辛硫磷、氰戊菊酯和DDV抗性种群的异质性很强。  相似文献   

基于EPG技术分析杭菊两主栽品种对三种菊蚜抗性及其相关抗性物质     

祝愿  王梦馨  崔林  沈子尧  周建松  韩宝瑜 《植物保护学报》2019,46(2):425-433

为比较杭白菊主栽品种早、晚小洋菊对菊小长管蚜Macrosiphoniella sanborni、棉蚜Aphis gossypii、桃蚜Myzus persicae的抗性,通过刺吸电位技术(electrical penetration graph,EPG)研究菊蚜在菊顶叶上刺吸行为,并检测了菊顶叶主要化合物。结果表明:在晚小洋菊上,菊小长管蚜的E1、E2波平均持续时间4.31、3.47 min,分别短于在早小洋菊上的4.63、3.75 min;棉蚜、桃蚜的E1、E2波平均持续时间分别为4.32、4.72 min和4.92、4.64 min;3种蚜虫的平均刺探次数均大于在早小洋菊上的平均刺探次数。聚类分析结果显示,2个主栽品种之间抗性存在差异。早小洋菊顶叶平均可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量分别为2.71 mg/g和25.36 mg/g,均高于晚小洋菊;早小洋菊顶叶总酚含量为0.24 mg/g,显著低于晚小洋菊;早、晚小洋菊总黄酮含量分别为3.46 mg/g和3.37 mg/g。早小洋菊顶叶可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量基本上与每种菊蚜的E1、E2波持续时间显著正相关,总酚含量、总黄酮含量与每种菊蚜的E1或E2波持续时间显著负相关。推测早小洋菊对于菊长管蚜的抗性稍弱于晚小洋菊,2种杭白菊对棉蚜或桃蚜的抗性相当,且菊叶中的这4种物质含量与抗蚜性相关。  相似文献   

Optimizing aphid biocontrol with the predator Aphidoletes aphidimyza,based on biology and ecology     

Franois‐Xavier Boulanger  Sarah Jandricic  Karel Bolckmans  Felix L Wckers  Apostolos Pekas 《Pest management science》2019,75(6):1479-1493

Aphidoletes aphidimyza is one of the most important predators used in the augmentative biological control of aphids, key pests of many crops worldwide. Adult females are very efficient in locating aphid infestations over a relatively long range, up to 45 m, and deposit eggs near or within aphid colonies. The predatory larvae are aphid generalists preying on several agriculturally important aphid species. The successful use of this biocontrol agent in agricultural systems depends on several biotic and abiotic factors. Among biotic factors, aphid species, plant structure, interspecific competition and intraguild predation may significantly impact the predator´s population dynamics. Key abiotic conditions include day lengths (above a critical threshold to prevent diapause), availability of mating sites in the crop, temperature (above 15 °C to enable egg laying), air relative humidity (above 70%) and availability of pupation sites. Although several successes have been reported in open field crops with naturally occurring or released populations, commercial releases are primarily used in protected crops. Optimized emergence boxes combining provisioning of food sources for the adults, integration with the technological advances that occurred in the greenhouse environment lately, insights into the nutritional ecology in open field crops and exploration of the genetic variability are proposed as future directions to improve adoption and efficacy of A. aphidimyza in crop protection. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

人工合成gna基因在小麦中的表达及其抗蚜虫效果研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

高泽发  陈绪清  杨凤萍  梁荣奇  张立全  张晓东 《农业生物技术学报》2006,14(4):559-564

利用经密码子优化的、人工合成雪花莲凝集素(Galanthusnivalisagglutinin),gna基因及RbcS启动子构建了高效特异表达载体pBAC202,通过基因枪轰击小麦幼胚和幼穗,将外源gna基因导入到3个高产小麦(TriticumaestivumL.)品种中,获得42个转基因后代株系。对转基因后代植株进行了DNA点杂交、PCR及PCR-Southern验证,确认外源gna基因已成功地整合到小麦基因组中。进一步的凝集素活性检测表明,小麦叶片中表达的凝集素可使红细胞凝集,并具有正常的生物学活性。转基因植株在人工饲养条件下进行抗蚜虫(Rhopalosiphumpadi)试验,蚜口密度抑制率从19%～73%不等,部分株系抑虫效果较好。利用转基因的方式可将外源抗虫基因gna导入到小麦中,并可有效地增强小麦的抗蚜能力,为选育具抗虫特性的优质小麦提供新的途径。  相似文献   

小麦与不同作物间作模式对麦蚜及主要捕食性天敌群落的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李素娟  刘爱芝  茹桃勤  武予清  韩松 《华北农学报》2007,22(1):141-144

应用群落生态学结构变化特征的研究方法,研究了小麦与油菜、荷兰豆间作和单作麦田3种栽培模式条件下对麦田麦蚜及主要天敌群落的影响。结果表明,捕食性天敌的丰盛度和昆虫群落的稳定性,麦套荷兰豆最高,其次为麦套油菜田、单作麦田最低;麦套荷兰豆田麦蚜亚群落稳定性较好,单作麦田捕食性天敌亚群落的稳定性较好。麦蚜亚群落主要特征值分析表明,多样性指数和均匀度为:麦套荷兰豆>单作麦田>麦套油菜,优势度和优势集中性指数为:麦套油菜>单作麦田>麦套荷兰豆;主要捕食性天敌亚群落的多样性指数和均匀度为:单作麦田>麦套油菜>麦套荷兰豆,优势度和优势集中性指数为:麦套荷兰豆田>麦套油菜田>单作麦田。  相似文献   

龟纹瓢虫对麦蚜的捕食功能反应及寻找效应研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

任月萍  刘生祥 《农业科学研究》2006,27(1):20-21,33

试验结果表明,龟纹瓢虫(Propylaea japonica)成虫对麦蚜的捕食效应符合HollingⅡ型模型,为Na=0.7059N/(1 0.013 3N),成虫对麦蚜的寻找效应是随着猎物密度的增加而降低.根据HollingⅢ型功能反应新模型得:Na=75.19exp(-47.53/Nt),在1 d内,1头龟纹瓢虫对麦蚜达到最大捕食量为75.19头,最佳寻找密度为47.53头,在利用龟纹瓢虫成虫防治麦蚜时,益害比可以以1∶50作为参考值.  相似文献   

避雨栽培对大棚梨病虫害发生及果实品质的影响     

王涛 《中国果业信息》2012,41(3)

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Management of yellow dwarf disease in Europe in a post‐neonicotinoid agriculture     

Louise Mc Namara  Kevin Gauthier  Lael Walsh  Gaël Thbaud  Michael Gaffney  Emmanuel Jacquot 《Pest management science》2020,76(7):2276-2285

Barley/cereal yellow dwarf viruses (YDVs) cause yellow dwarf disease (YDD), which is a continuous risk to cereals production worldwide. These viruses cause leaf yellowing and stunting, resulting in yield reductions of up to 80%. YDVs have been a consistent but low‐level problem in European cereal cultivation for the last three decades, mostly due to the availability of several effective insecticides (largely pyrethroids and more recently neonicotinoids) against aphid vectors. However, this has changed recently, with many insecticides being lost, culminating in a recent European Union (EU) regulation prohibiting outdoor use of the neonicotinoid‐insecticide compounds. This change is coupled with the growing challenge of insecticide‐resistant aphids, the lack of genetic resources against YDVs, and a knowledge deficit around the parameters responsible for the emergence and spread of YDD. This means that economic sustainability of cereal cultivation in several European countries including France and United Kingdom is now again threatened by this aphid‐vectored viral disease. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the YDV pathosystem, describe management options against YDD, analyse the impacts of the neonicotinoid ban in Europe, and consider future strategies to control YDV. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Identification of potential candidate genes controlling pea aphid tolerance in a Pisum fulvum high‐density integrated DArTseq SNP‐based genetic map     

Eleonora Barilli  Estefanía Carrillo‐Perdomo  Maria Jos Cobos  Andrzej Kilian  Jason Carling  Diego Rubiales 《Pest management science》2020,76(5):1731-1742

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蚜虫的取食排蜜与繁殖行为概述     

王兴亚  李学军  张广学 《黑龙江农业科学》2005,(5):30-32

蚜虫行为包括取食行为、繁殖行为、防御行为、社群行为等,本文概述了蚜虫取食行为、排蜜行为、繁殖行为。指出通过对蚜虫取食、排蜜、繁殖行为的研究可以更好地了解其行为发生机制和方式等,为蚜虫的综合治理提供理论基础。  相似文献