Characterisation of a maize-infecting potyvirus from Spain     

M. Angeles Achon  Vicente Medina  Michael Shanks  Peter Markham  George P. Lomonossoff 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1994,100(2):157-165

In order to characterise and classify an unknown maize-infecting potyvirus isolated from fields in northeast Spain, the entire coat protein gene and the C-terminal twothirds of the large nuclear inclusion protein (NIb) gene were cloned and sequenced. Protein sequencing enabled the cleavage site between the two proteins to be deduced and also revealed that on storage the viral coat protein undergoes a specific degradation in which the N-terminal 39 amino acids are removed. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the 3 non-coding region of the viral RNA and the predicted amino acid sequence of the coat protein with the equivalent regions of other members of the potyvirus group revealed that the Spanish virus is closely related to maize dwarf mosaic virus strain A.  相似文献   

麦二叉蚜传播玉米矮花叶病毒的机制   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李向东  范在丰  李怀方  裘维蕃 《植物保护学报》2002,29(1):62-66

用胶体金标记法和荧光抗体标记法研究了麦二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminum)传播玉米矮花叶病毒(Maize dwaft mosaic virus,MDMV)的机制。麦二叉蚜传播玉米矮花叶病毒需要辅助成份-蛋白酶(Helper component-proteinase,HC-Pro)的参与。在电镜下观察到HC-Pro可以与MDMV粒子结合。用FITC标记的HC-Pro抗体和MDMV抗体证明,HC-Pro可以直接结合到蚜虫口针上;而MDMV粒子不能直接结合到蚜虫口针,必须在HC-Pro的辅助下才能结合到蚜虫口针上。这为HC-Pro在蚜虫传毒过程中起桥梁作用提供了新的证据。MDMV粒子主要吸附在蚜虫口针的尖端和中间部分。  相似文献   

晋南冬麦区大麦黄矮病毒流行株系监测及防治策略探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘艳  钱幼亭  梁影屏 《植物保护学报》2002,29(4):300-304

连续5年(1996～2000年)采集晋南冬麦区小麦黄矮病标样,采用生物学和血清学(酶联免疫吸附法)相结合的诊断方法对该地区的大麦黄矮病毒流行株系进行了鉴别。结果表明,该小麦黄矮病流行区近五年以GAV株系为主流株系,兼有少量GPV、PAV和混合株系存在。同时对小麦抗黄矮病新品种“临抗1号”进行了GPV和GAV两种株系的抗性测定,明确了该品种兼抗GPV和GAV两种株系。根据小麦黄矮病发生现状,提出了一套以选育推广抗耐病品种为主,以药剂防治为辅的综合防治措施。以期为当地小麦生产服务。  相似文献   

Phylogenetic relationships between rice dwarf phytoreovirus isolates from five countries     

B.C. Lee  Y.K. He  K. Murao  M. Isogai  G. Dahal  I. Uyeda 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1997,103(6):493-499

Rice dwarf virus isolates were collected from several locations in Japan, the Philippines, China, Nepal and Korea. Genomic dsRNA segment profiles in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis differed among the isolates. There were less differences in the profiles between isolates from Japan and Korea than in those between these two Countries and others. Nucleic acid hybridization was used to examine the extent of genomic variation. Full-length cDNAs to all genomic segments encoding non-structural proteins (S4, S6, S9, S10, S11 and S12) were synthesized from two Japanese isolates, and were used for dot-blot hybridization. Hybridizations using probes generated from the full-length cDNA clones failed to differentiate isolates from different geographical areas. However, cDNA probes covering a variable region of S12 were able to distinguish Japanese and Korean isolates from those of other countries. Phylogenetic tree analysis based on the amino acid sequence of P12 encoded by S12 grouped Japanese and Korean isolates together. The Chinese isolates from two different locations (Yunnan and Fujian) were closely related to each other, and were the most distantly related to Japanese and Korean isolates.  相似文献   

Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Nepalese domestic dwarf cattle Lulu*     

Kumiko TAKEDA  Masahiro SATOH  Shreeram P. NEOPANE  Bahadur S. KUWAR  Hari D. JOSHI  Nanda P. SHRESTHA  Hiroshi FUJISE  Mariko TASAI  Takahiro TAGAMI  Hirofumi HANADA 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(2):103-110

Dwarf Lulu cattle, the only Bos Taurus type of cattle in Nepal, are raised under severe environments in the mountainous zone of that country. In the present study, the body measurement traits, cytogenetic and molecular genetic characteristics of the Lulu cattle are investigated. Blood samples were collected from 31 animals in four villages (altitudes 2590–3550 m) in the southern part of Mustang. The Lulu cattle had a normal karyotype with 2n = 60, XY or XX. Only one male examined had a large submetacentric X‐chromosome and a small submetacentric taurine type Y‐chromosome. The mitochodrial DNA (mtDNA) genotypes were analyzed by PCR mediated restriction fragment length polymorphisms, displacement (D)‐loop region PCR mediated single strand conformation polymorphisms, and D‐loop region sequences. Many base substitutions were found in the D‐loop region, suggesting that the Lulu cattle originated from at least 10 maternal lines. Three types of mtDNA from these cattle were found, the Bos taurus type (n = 23), the Bos indicus type (n = 6), and the Bos grunniens type (n = 2). In the village at the lowest altitude, four of the five cows were of the Bos indicus type. These results indicated that mtDNA types of the Lulu cattle mostly belong to Bos taurus, but have been hybridized with Bos indicus cattle in lower‐elevation regions in their maternal lineage.  相似文献   

小麦矮缩病毒引起的植株矮化与赤霉素代谢的相关性分析     

吴慧娟  刘艳  王锡锋 《中国农业科学》2017,50(17):3337-3343

【目的】由异沙叶蝉(Psammotettix alienus)传播的小麦矮缩病毒病是近年来中国西北部麦区严重发生的小麦病毒病害之一。受侵染的小麦植株严重矮化,有效分蘖减少,产量损失严重。论文旨在明确小麦矮缩病毒(Wheat dwarf virus,WDV)侵染小麦植株后矮化症状形成与赤霉素代谢调控的关系,为该病害的防治打下基础。【方法】以小麦品种扬麦12为试验材料,以异沙叶蝉为传毒介体饲毒后转移到1叶期的健康幼苗(3头/株)上进行传毒,同时以无毒异沙叶蝉取食健康幼苗为对照。根据试验需要,不同时间取样备用。为保证试验的准确性,经PCR检测为阳性的作为处理组试验材料;采用间接酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法,利用植物赤霉素(GA3)试剂盒测定分析侵染第21天取样的小麦叶片赤霉素含量;将带毒条沙叶蝉接种的小麦苗分为两个平行处理组,接种后第7天分别用GA3(浓度为50 mg·L-1)和H2O进行叶面喷施处理,每隔一周处理一次。以无毒叶蝉接种后长势一致的小麦苗作为对照组,根据株高统计结果分析外施赤霉素对受侵染小麦植株的表型变化;以山羊草(Aegilops tauschii)的内根-贝壳杉烯合成酶(ent-kaurene synthase-like 3,KSL3)的基因编码区序列为参考基因设计引物(KSL3-F:5′-ATGATGGTGAATCCGCCGC-3′;KSL3-R:5′-TTAATGGTTGATCTTTGTTT-3′),对扬麦12的KSL3进行克隆和序列分析;分别取接种后7、14和21 d的小麦植株叶片,提取RNA后反转录,以克隆得到的Ta KSL3基因序列设计引物(Ta KSL3-F:5′-GAGACATGTGCCATGGCGTTC-3′;Ta KSL3-R:5′-CGTGTCACTCAGATCGGTGGAG-3′),选择小麦翻译延伸因子1A(EF-1α)作为内参基因,利用荧光定量PCR方法分析赤霉素代谢相关基因的转录水平。【结果】经ELISA检测发现,接种21 d的发病植株赤霉素含量与健康植株相比降低了28.9%;通过施用浓度为50 mg·L-1的赤霉素后,发病植株的平均株高相比对照组显著增加35.9%;采用同源克隆得到了完整的小麦赤霉素合成途径关键酶KSL3的编码区序列,长度为1 827 bp,编码608个氨基酸,BLAST比对分析发现该DNA序列与山羊草KSL3编码区序列相似度为85.2%。经荧光定量检测发现受小麦矮缩病毒侵染后小麦KSL3表达量显著下降,接种14 d降低为对照组的35.7%,21 d降低为对照组的9.6%。【结论】小麦矮缩病毒的侵染导致赤霉素合成途径关键酶的表达量降低,可能使赤霉素合成受阻,赤霉素含量降低引发受赤霉素调节的细胞生物学过程异常,从而诱导矮化症状形成。研究结果为揭示小麦矮缩病毒侵染的致病机理和病害防控打下了基础。  相似文献   

苹果矮化砧木致矮机理研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李春燕  杨廷桢  高敬东  王骞  蔡华成  杜学梅  王淑婷  弓桂花  王新平  张拥兵  石美娟 《中国农学通报》2017,33(28):86-92

矮化密植栽培是现代苹果生产发展的方向,苹果矮化砧是实现苹果矮化密植栽培的主要途径,其致矮机理尚不清楚。揭示苹果矮化砧致矮机理,对加快苹果矮砧育种进程和改进苹果矮砧栽培技术有重要的意义。在总结前人对致矮基因、解剖结构、水分、物质运输、光合特性、酶与酚类物质、激素等7个方面研究进展的基础上,对致矮部位及致矮机理进行了探讨,提出苹果砧木致矮是矮化砧嫁接口、砧段的木质部及韧皮部综合作用的结果,嫁接的矮砧砧段是致矮的主要部位,苹果矮砧可能通过影响根系发育起到致矮作用,并指出今后应利用更为先进的显微仪器和测量软件对苹果矮砧和乔砧砧段解剖结构进行更微观精确地比较;在严格控制环境的条件下,尽量采取一致的试材,分析不同矮化性砧木在水分、矿质营养、同化物等物质代谢过程中的生理生化变化;借助分子生物学技术对植物激素物质合成、信号转导、降解及其互作在致矮中所起的作用进行更深入系统地研究,通过多方面研究对提出的问题进行研究验证,以求对苹果矮砧致矮机理解释更加透彻。  相似文献   

不同修剪方式对杨梅矮化提质效应研究     

梁森苗  郑锡良  任海英  张淑文  温璐华  戚行江 《中国农学通报》2017,33(34):97-102

以8 年生‘东魁’杨梅为材料，研究修剪的矮化提质效果。连续2 年进行大枝修剪(vertical branch pruning，VP)、精准修剪(precise pruning，PP)、大枝修剪+精准修剪(VP+PP)和“开天窗”常规修剪(pruning of open skylight，PO)，并以不修剪为对照(CK)。试验前后调查树体高度和冠幅，并测定株产量、果实品质（总糖、可滴定酸、Vc、总多酚、总黄酮等）和色差(L*、a*、b*、ho、C*)等。结果表明，对树冠控制能力的大小为VP+PP＞VP＞PP＞PO，其平均树高分别降低了63%、57%、55%和25%。平均株产量为VP+PP＞VP＞PP＞PO，产量分别提高了25%、20%、6%和-38%。对果实色泽改善以PP 和VP+PP 的效果最显著。调查L*和始熟期发现，近熟期L*越小成熟度越高。处理第2 年果实品质相比第1 年改善幅度增大，以单果重为例，处理第1 年VP+PP、PP、VP、PO的单果重分别提高了32.0%、30.3%、21.1%和8.7%，第2 年单果重分别提高了48.3%、44.9%、43.1%和8.9%；各处理的a*、ho和C*在处理第1 年无显著差异，第2 年出 现差异分离。综合分析，不同处理下杨梅的综合效益为VP+PP＞PP＞VP＞PO＞CK。  相似文献   

丁硫克百威对白背飞虱和南方水稻黑条矮缩病的防治研究     

何忠雪  罗全丽  陆金鹏 《耕作与栽培》2016,(5)

为明确丁硫克百威拌种剂对水稻白背飞虱和南方水稻黑条矮缩病的防治效果及其对天敌的影响,选择不同剂量的35%丁硫克百威种子处理干粉剂进行拌种。结果表明:剂量是30 g/kg种子拌种可有效防治白背飞虱,在播种后32 d、43 d、50d和57 d的防效分别为:90.6%、78.4%、67.9%和61.1%;同时通过防治白背飞虱减少传毒媒介,能有效控制南方水稻黑条矮缩病的危害,防效为76.9%。  相似文献   

新型落地红枣收获机的设计     

鲁兵  王旭峰  张攀峰  胡灿 《农机化研究》2017,(12):68-72

为解决南疆矮化密植枣园红枣收获难题,针对矮化密植种植模式下的枣园特点,设计出基于清扫方式和气吸方式相结合的新型落地红枣收获机。介绍了整机结构和工作原理,并对关键部件进行了设计,确定了各关键部件的基本结构和具体型号。同时,分析了红枣清扫聚拢过程,得出清扫辊刷转速、机具前进速度与清扫辊刷清扫效果之间的关系,并通过田间试验验证了清扫辊刷转速、机具前进速度与清扫辊刷清扫效果之间的关系。该机整体尺寸小,适应性强,作业效率高,适用于南疆矮化密植种植模式的枣园进行红枣收获作业。  相似文献