Comparison of phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities in skins and pulps of eleven grape cultivars(Vitis vinifera L.)     

Fu-xiang LI  Fu-hua LI  Ya-xuan YANG  Ran YIN  Jian MING 《农业科学学报》2019,18(5):1148-1158

Eleven grape cultivars were analysed to explore the variety differences of fresh grape phenolic profiles. The results showed that free phenolics were predominant in grape skins and pulps, and showed the higher antioxidant activities than bound. In 11 cultivars, Muscat Kyoho extracts had the highest total phenolic content in skins(10.525 mg GAE g~(–1) FW) and pulps(1.134 mg GAE g~(–1) FW), and exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavening capacity(EC_(50)=11.7 μg mL~(–1)) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity(ORAC) value(190.57 μmol TE g~(–1) FW) of free phenolic in skin. In addition, the most abundant phenolics in grape skins were found to be flavonoids such as kaempferol in Kyoho skin(541.2 μg g~(–1) FW), rutin, catechin and epicatechin in Muscat Kyoho skin(262.3, 86.3 and 70.0 μg g~(–1) FW, respectively). Furthermore, the principal component analysis showed a strong difference of phenolic profiles with the cultivars, existing forms and distributions. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed a significant linear correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity(P0.05). Therefore, both skins and pulps were rich sources of bioactive phenolic compounds, and Muscat Kyoho was the ideal source among all samples.  相似文献   

Whole wheat bread: Effect of bran fractions on dough and end-product quality     

《Journal of Cereal Science》2017

Consumption of whole-wheat based products is encouraged due to their important nutritional elements that benefit human health. However, the use of whole-wheat flour is limited because of the poor processing and end-product quality. Bran was postulated as the major problem in whole wheat breadmaking. In this study, four major bran components including lipids, extractable phenolics (EP), hydrolysable phenolics (HP), and fiber were evaluated for their specific functionality in flour, dough and bread baking. The experiment was done by reconstitution approach using the 2⁴ factorial experimental layout. Fiber was identified as a main component to have highly significant (P < 0.05) and negative influence on most breadmaking characteristics. Although HP had positive effect on farinograph stability, it was identified as another main factor that negatively impacted the oven spring and bread loaf volume. Bran oil and EP seemed to be detrimental to most breadmaking characteristics. Overall, statistical analysis indicates that influence of the four bran components are highly complex. The bran components demonstrate multi-way interactions in regards to their influence on dough and bread-making characteristics. Particularly, Fiber appeared to have a high degree of interaction with other bran components and notably influenced the functionality of those components in whole wheat bread-making.  相似文献   

超高压处理对糙米多酚、黄酮类含量及其抗氧化性的影响     

于勇  潘芳  吴剑  朱松明 《农业机械学报》2017,48(11):368-374

超高压处理是一种新型的非热加工技术,具有提高食品安全性和货架期,保持食品原有营养成分等特点。以糙米为研究对象,探究其经不同高压条件处理后,其多酚、黄酮类含量的变化,并分析了上述处理对糙米DPPH自由基清除率、ABTS+·自由基清除率的影响。本实验分别采用一步式超高压(100~400 MPa,5 min和10 min)与两步式超高压(100~400 MPa,5 min+5 min)处理糙米。实验结果表明,在100~300 MPa压力范围内,超高压处理后的糙米酚类、黄酮类含量以及抗氧化活性随着压力的增大而增大。两步式高压处理组(5 min+5 min)糙米的酚类、黄酮类含量以及抗氧化活性高于一步式高压处理组。采用300 MPa两步式高压处理糙米后,其酚类、黄酮类物质保留率可达到97%,这说明超高压是一种较有效的保留糙米中抗氧化物质的非热加工方法。  相似文献   

黑大豆种质抗氧化能力及其与总酚和花色苷含量的关系   总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26  

徐金瑞  张名位  刘兴华  刘章雄  张瑞芬  孙玲  邱丽娟 《中国农业科学》2006,39(8):1545-1552

【目的】分析127份黑大豆种质的总抗氧化能力及与其总酚和花色苷含量之间的差异和相关性。【方法】各类型之间差异采用平均数的t测验，聚类分析采用快速聚类法，相关性分析采用相关系数法。【结果】127份黑大豆种质种皮的总抗氧化能力、总酚和花色苷含量的变幅分别为0.44～3.56 mmol·g-1、7.05～74.82 mg·g-1和0.22～1.87 mg·g-1，表现出明显的基因型差异，不同类型及不同生态区黑大豆种质的总抗氧化能力、总酚和花色苷含量差异较大，其中，黑大豆/黄大豆、黑大豆春播/秋播、夏播/秋播、东北春/南方春、东北春/南方夏、北方春/南方春、北方春/南方夏之间的差异分别达极显著（P<0.01）或显著（P<0.05）水平，总体趋势是北方春最高，东北春次之，南方春最弱。127份黑大豆种质可聚成6大类群，分别由3、24、20、31、37和12份种质组成。黑大豆的总抗氧化能力与其中的总酚和花色苷含量之间呈现极显著（P<0.01）正相关性。【结论】黑大豆的抗氧化作用与其种皮中所含的多酚和花色苷类物质关系密切。  相似文献   

5种籼稻品种谷壳中游离态和结合态酚类物质含量及其抗氧化活性比较   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

李青  张名位  张瑞芬  魏振承  邓媛元  唐小俊  张业辉  李武  马永轩 《中国农业科学》2012,45(6):1150-1158

【目的】比较不同水稻品种谷壳中游离态和结合态酚类物质的含量、组成及其抗氧化活性差异。【方法】选用5个代表性的南方籼稻品种,分析其谷壳中的游离态和结合态总酚、总黄酮含量,采用高效液相色谱法分析其单体酚类的组成及含量,采用铁离子还原能力（FRAP, Ferric reducing ability of plasma）和ABTS(2,2'-联氨-二-3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸,2, 2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)自由基清除能力两种方法评价其体外抗氧化能力差异。【结果】 5个不同籼稻品种谷壳的游离酚、结合酚和总酚含量分别介于42.8-123.0、260.9-325.2和320.2-398.3 mg GAE/100 g DW,其结合态酚占总酚含量百分比平均为78.9%;游离态黄酮、结合态黄酮和总黄酮含量分别介于34.0-58.0、47.9-64.4和82.0-115.7 mg CE/100 g DW,其结合态黄酮占总黄酮含量的百分比平均为56.4%;稻壳中的酚类物质主要为没食子酸、原儿茶酸、绿原酸、香草酸、咖啡酸、丁香酸、香豆酸和阿魏酸,其中游离态酚类物质以丁香酸和香豆酸为主,平均含量分别为25.09 μg•g-1 DW和31.21 μg•g-1 DW;结合态酚类物质以香豆酸含量为主,平均含量为2141.61 μg•g-1 DW。稻壳游离态、结合态和两者合计FRAP抗氧化能力值分别介于37.7-106.0、217.9-281.0和269.3-370.3 mg TE/100 g DW,其结合态占总FRAP百分比平均为77.3%;稻壳游离态、结合态和两者合计ABTS抗氧化能力值分别介于26.3-85.8、67.2-111.9和93.4-155.2 mg TE/100 g DW,其结合态占总ABTS百分比平均为64.8%。【结论】稻壳中含有较丰富的酚类物质,具有较强的抗氧化活性。稻壳总酚、总黄酮含量、单体酚组成及其抗氧化活性均以结合态形式为主,且有显著的品种间差异。提示水稻谷壳可以作为一种潜在的天然抗氧化剂资源进行开发利用。  相似文献   

A Comparison Investigation on Antioxidant Activities,Physicochemical Properties and Phytochemical Contents of Kiwifruit Genotypes and Cultivars     

Tevfik Ozen  Hamdi Zenginbal  Emine Yazicioglu  Fatih Gul  Ibrahim Demirtas 《International Journal of Fruit Science》2019,19(2):115-135

The present work was conducted to find the physicochemical properties, chemical components and antioxidant capacity of kiwifruit hydroalcoholic extracts (B-31, HO-1-14, J-242, Bruno, Greenlight, Hayward, Monty, Topstar) grown Yalova, Turkey. Phytochemical tests were performed to determine total phenolic, flavonoid and ascorbic acid. Moreover, the kiwifruit extracts were subjected to evaluate their antioxidant potential using different in vitro assays such as total antioxidant, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, reducing power, metal chelating, free radical, H₂O₂ and superoxide anion scavenging activities at 50–500 μg mL^?1, and also found EC₅₀ and IC₅₀ values. The soluble solid content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA) and pH were analyzed in all the genotypes and cultivars. The highest total phenolic, flavonoid and ascorbic acid content were found in J-242 (89.53 mg GAE/100 g), J-242 (109.13 mg QE/100 g) and HO-1-14 (64.15 mg/100 g), respectively. The linoleic, palmitic, stearic and oleic acid methyl esters were detected in all kiwifruit extracts by GC/MS. Significant differences were found between genotypes and cultivars in the antioxidant tests. The extracts showed high inhibition of lipid peroxidation and compared to standards, significantly (p < 0.05). The GC/MS analyses confirmed quantitative variability in the antioxidant profiles. The SSC, TA and pH of kiwifruit genotypes and cultivars showed a moderate level. The key parameters for the most active kiwifruit included the following: total antioxidant activity for B-31, H₂O₂ scavenging activity for J-242 and metal chelating activity for Topstar. In conclusion, this study exhibited the important role played by the genotypes and cultivars background on the chemical content and antioxidant profiles.  相似文献   

Influence of the stage of ripeness on phenolic metabolism and antioxidant activity in table grapes exposed to different CO₂ treatments     

Irene Romero  Carlos Fernandez Caballero  María T. Sanchez-Ballesta  María I. Escribano  Carmen Merodio   《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2009,54(2):118-121

We have analyzed the influence of the stage of ripeness on L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) gene expression, accumulation of anthocyanins and total phenolics, and on antioxidant activity in the skin of table grapes treated with 20% CO₂ + 20% O₂ + 60 % N₂ for 3 or 6 d at low temperature (0 °C). The residual effect of high CO₂ treatment after transfer to air was also studied. In early harvested grapes, neither the anthocyanin content nor the accumulation of VcPAL mRNA was affected by any of the CO₂ treatments applied. However, in late harvested grapes, the duration of high CO₂ treatment determined its effect and a 6 d treatment with CO₂ sustained higher levels of total phenolics and anthocyanin accumulation, and VcPAL expression than observed in untreated late harvested grapes. The increased antioxidant capacity was correlated with the total amount of phenolics and anthocyanins. Conversely, in grapes treated for 3 d with CO₂ the phenylpropanoid pathway did not appear to be induced and a relationship between antioxidant activity and anthocyanins was not observed. Thus, further studies are needed to identify the most important antioxidants in these treated fruit.  相似文献   

Comparison of Antioxidant Activity and Antioxidant Components in Lettuce,Onion and Tomato Obtained with Different Levels and Forms of Nitrogen Fertilization     

Ragab Abdelmohsen E-Mergawi  ;Khalid Naser Al-Redhaiman  ;Hussein F. Abouziena 《农业科学与技术》2014,(7):597-604

The effect of N levels and sources on the antioxidant components in vegetable is not completely understood. Therefore, greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the changes in antioxidant capacity diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） and ferric reducing antioxidant power （FRAP）, total phenolics, ascorbic acid, total carotene and lycopene contents in edible portions of lettuce, onion and tomato due to different nitrogen levels and sources. The experiment included three N levels （20, 40 and 60 kg/ha for lettuce trial and 60, 120 and 180 kg/ha for either onion or tomato） and four nitrogen sources （calcium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate and urea）. The antioxidant capacity and phenolic contents in lettuce was enhanced under low nitrogen level, while the antioxidant capacities, phenolics, carotenoids and lycopene in tomato fruits were not significantly affected by the nitrogen dose applied. Application of calcium nitrate caused 50% increase in DPPH and 20% in FRAP of lettuce compared to other nitrogen forms. Tomato treated with calcium nitrate or ammonium sulphate had higher phenolic and ascorbic acid contents than treated plants with ammonium nitrate or urea. Antioxidant tested parameters of onion were not significantly affected by the nitrogen treatments. Nitrogen concentration in tomato fruits significantly correlated with FRAP antioxidant capacity, phenolics, ascorbic acid, carotene and lycopene contents.  相似文献   

Physiological Responses of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) –Aegilops Sharonensis Introgression Lines to Excess Copper     

V. Nenova  M. Merakchiyska  G. Ganeva  E. Zozikova  & S. Landjeva 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2009,195(3):197-203

Two wheat lines (TL3 and TL5) derived from selection for Cu tolerance among wheat – Aegilops sharonensis hybrids were compared when grown as hydroponics at zero (control), 10⁻⁶ and 10⁻⁵  m CuSO₄. The morphometric measurements showed that the line TL5 with a more inhibited root system under 10⁻⁶  m CuSO₄ had a less inhibited shoot growth under 10⁻⁵  m CuSO₄ as compared to TL3. The decreased maximum efficiency of photosystem II and the more pronounced trend towards increased catalase activity suggested that despite the better shoot growth, the leaves of TL5 were more functionally injured. The increased content of carotenoids at excess Cu and the higher peroxidase and catalase activities of TL3 in control plants might contribute to its better stress tolerance. While no significant changes in enzyme activities were found at 10⁻⁶  m Cu, at 10⁻⁵  m the activities tended to increase. Although the close values of free phenolics concentrations in control plants, at Cu excess their content was higher in TL5 compared to TL3. The free phenolics content in roots at 10⁻⁶  m Cu decreased, and although higher at 10⁻⁵  m Cu, it remained below the control in TL3, and above the control in TL5. From the obtained results TL3 emerged to be more tolerant to excess Cu than TL5.  相似文献   

Accumulation of soluble phenolic compounds in sunflower capitula correlates with resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

E. Prats  M.E. Bazzalo  A. León  J.V. Jorrín 《Euphytica》2003,132(3):321-329

Disease symptoms and total soluble phenolics content have been analysed in four sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)lines with different resistance levels(from highly susceptible to resistant) to head rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. At the beginning of the flowering stage, capitula were inoculated by spraying with a water suspension of ascospores, and disease symptoms were evaluated from day 6 to day14 after inoculation. The most susceptible genotypes showed all their ovaries to be necrosed and abundant lesions in corollas, bracts and receptacle. In the resistant line, the ovary and corolla were only partially necrosed with no symptoms in the bracts or the receptacle. Total soluble phenolics were extracted and quantified from different parts of the capitulum in both inoculated and non-inoculated plants. The amount of phenolic compounds depended on the sunflower line, the time after inoculation, and the tissue. Higher constitutive and induced phenolic content as well as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity were present in the most resistant line, these differences correlated with the absence/presence of disease symptoms. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献