天然芸苔素内酯缓解胺苯磺隆对后茬水稻药害的作用机理初探   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

周小毛  柏连阳  刘雪源  任新国  李双祁  卜小莉  黄柯程 《农药学学报》2003,5(1):61-67

通过测定天然芸苔素内酯对水稻幼苗谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)活性以及在离体和活体条件下对水稻幼苗乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)活力的影响,研究天然芸苔素内酯减轻胺苯磺隆对水稻药害的作用机理。结果表明,其作用机理与水稻幼苗GSH含量、GST活性变化没有太大相关性,可能与其能间接激活水稻幼苗ALS活力有较大相关。  相似文献   

水稻不同品种或组合对甲磺隆耐药性差异的机制研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

谭小平  柏连阳  肖启明  彭丽莎  周小毛 《农药学学报》2002,4(2):45-49

以水稻乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)比活力为研究对象,通过在离体和活体条件下比较其对甲磺隆的敏感性水平,探讨了水稻不同品种或组合的耐药性差异机制。结果表明,离体条件下不同水稻品种或组合ALS对甲磺隆均较敏感,当甲磺隆浓度为100 μg/L时,对ALS比活力抑制率达60%以上,且活力百分比与甲磺隆浓度对数成直线负相关关系,相关程度显著或极显著;活体条件下ALS活力均受到甲磺隆不同程度的抑制,但同一品种ALS活力不随甲磺隆浓度的变化而呈现规律性变化。在甲磺隆浓度相同时,活体条件下所有供试水稻品种ALS活力均显著高于离体条件下的ALS活力,影响程度与植株耐药性差异基本一致,说明甲磺隆在水稻体内存在较强代谢失活作用,代谢失活差异是水稻不同品种或组合对甲磺隆的耐药性差异机制。  相似文献   

基于ALS数据和哑变量技术森林蓄积量估测     

金京  岳彩荣  李春干  谷雷  罗洪斌  朱泊东 《林业资源管理》2021,(1):77-85

基于机载LiDAR数据,分析哑变量对林分蓄积量估测精度的影响。以广西高峰林场为研究对象,借助机载激光雷达点云数据和96个样地数据,将样地数据按7∶3的比例随机划分为建模样本和测试样本,采用随机森林模型(RFR)和支持向量机模型(SVR)对建模样本与对应的点云特征回归建模,将树种组(针叶林和阔叶林)和龄组分别作为哑变量引入到回归模型。利用测试样本的估测精度评价模型的估测精度,引入树种组哑变量,随机森林模型决定系数R2从0.59提高到0.64,支持向量机模型决定系数R2从0.49提高到0.50。引入龄组哑变量,随机森林模型决定系数R2从0.59提高到0.65,支持向量机模型决定系数R2从0.45提高到0.55。根据模型的建模精度和验证精度结果得出,引入哑变量对蓄积量估测模型的精度提升是相对有效的。龄组哑变量对模型精度提升效果优于树种组哑变量。  相似文献   

山东省小麦田大穗看麦娘抗性水平、靶标抗性机理及田间防除效果测定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高兴祥  李健  张悦丽  李美  房锋 《中国农业科学》2020,53(17):3518-3526

【背景】大穗看麦娘（Alopecurus myosuroides）是我国大陆近几年新发展蔓延的一种恶性禾本科杂草,目前已在山东、河南、河北、安徽等省有分布,且分布面积不断扩大。【目的】明确山东省冬小麦田大穗看麦娘对常用除草剂的抗性水平及部分种群产生抗性的机理,并评价不同除草剂对其田间防除效果,为制定小麦田大穗看麦娘防控技术规程提供理论依据。【方法】室内采用整株生物测定法测定9个大穗看麦娘种群对乙酰乳酸合成酶（ALS）抑制剂除草剂啶磺草胺、甲基二磺隆以及乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（ACC）抑制剂除草剂唑啉草酯、炔草酯、精噁唑禾草灵共5种除草剂的抗性水平,并对产生抗性的种群进行靶标基因检测,同时分别在冬前和冬后开展田间试验,评价不同除草剂对大穗看麦娘的田间防除效果。【结果】室内测定结果表明,种群8（JN2）对啶磺草胺和甲基二磺隆产生明显抗性,相对抗性指数分别达到47.32、15.97,靶标基因检测显示,该种群内植株ALS基因编码的第197位点氨基酸发生由脯氨酸（CCC）到苏氨酸（ACC）的突变;所有种群对唑啉草酯、炔草酯和精噁唑禾草灵均表现敏感。田间试验结果表明,冬前使用除草剂对大穗看麦娘的防除效果优于冬后使用除草剂的效果,冬前唑啉草酯对大穗看麦娘鲜重防效为98.6%,而冬后处理为89.1%;冬前使用啶磺草胺、甲基二磺隆对大穗看麦娘的株防效和鲜重防效在72.2%—89.3%,冬后使用则为68.6%—83.2%;唑啉草酯、炔草酯和精噁唑禾草灵对大穗看麦娘均表现出很好的防除效果,冬前使用的株防效和鲜重防效均在96.2%以上,冬后使用在82.6%—92.2%。【结论】供试的9个大穗看麦娘种群中,发现1个种群对甲基二磺隆、啶磺草胺产生较高抗性,但未发现对唑啉草酯等产生抗性的种群,室内试验和田间试验结果具有一致性。  相似文献   

Multiple resistance of Papaver rhoeas L. to 2,4‐D and acetolactate synthase inhibitors in four European countries     

V Kati  L Scarabel  D Thiery‐Lanfranchi  V Kioleoglou  S Liberopoulou  C Dlye 《Weed Research》2019,59(5):367-376

The issue of cross‐ or multiple resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors and the auxinic herbicide 2,4‐D was investigated in Papaver rhoeas L., a common and troublesome weed in winter cereals, in a broad‐scale study across four European countries. A combination of herbicide sensitivity bioassays and molecular assays targeting mutations involved in resistance was conducted on 27 populations of P. rhoeas originating from Greece (9), Italy (5), France (10) and Spain (3). Plants resistant to the field rate of 2,4‐D were observed in 25 of the 27 populations assayed, in frequencies ranging from 5% to 85%. Plants resistant to ALS‐inhibiting herbicides (sulfonylureas) were present in 24 of the 27 populations, in frequencies ranging from 4% to 100%. Plants resistant to 2,4‐D co‐occurred with plants resistant to sulfonylureas in 23 populations. In four of these, the probability of presence of plants with cross‐ or multiple resistance to 2,4‐D and sulfonylureas was higher than 0.5. ALS genotyping of plants from the field populations or of their progenies, identified ALS alleles carrying a mutation at codon Pro197 or Trp574 in 2,4‐D‐sensitive and in 2,4‐D‐resistant plants. The latter case confirmed multiple resistance to 2,4‐D and ALS inhibitors at the level of individual plants in all four countries investigated. This study is the first to identify individual plants with multiple resistance in P. rhoeas, an attribute rarely assessed in other weed species, but one with significant implications in designing chemical control strategies.  相似文献   

水稻对水稻土中甲磺隆结合残留的响应     

LI Zhao-Jun  WANG Hai-Zhen  XU Jian-Ming  WU Jian-Jun  MA Guo-Rui 《土壤圈》2007,17(4):487-492

Metsulfuron-methyl is one of the widely used sulfonylurea herbicides. However, approximately half of the applied metsulfuron-methyl may remain as bound residues in soil. To characterize the response of rice plants to residual metsulfuron-methyl in soil, the activities of acetolactate synthase （ALS）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, peroxidase （POD）, and catalase （CAT） were investigated in two rice varieties that differed in susceptibility to the herbicide. Changes in the activity of these enzymes in leaves and roots of Xiushui 63, a sensitive rice variety, were greater than those in a resistant variety Zhenong 952. Irrespective of variety, changes in the enzyme activity were greater in the roots than in the leaves. The activities of ALS and CAT decreased, while the SOD activity increased with the increase in the amounts of bound residues of metsulfuron-methyl （BRM） in soil. The POD activity increased at the BRM level of 0.025 mg kg^-1, but decreased at the BRM level of 0.05 mg kg^-1. The results showed that the bound residues of sulfonylurea herbicides may affect metabolism of rice plants.  相似文献   

Herbicide resistance in Aster squamatus conferred by a less sensitive form of acetolactate synthase     

Osuna MD  Fischer AJ  De Prado R 《Pest management science》2003,59(11):1210-1216

A biotype of Aster squamatus (Sprengel) Hieronymus with suspected resistance to the ALS-inhibiting herbicide imazapyr was detected in a chicken farm in the province of Seville, Spain, which had been treated once a year with imazapyr for 10 years. Resistance to imazapyr in this biotype was studied using dose-response experiments, absorption and translocation assays, metabolism studies and ALS activity assays. The rate of imazapyr required to inhibit A squamatus growth by 50% (ED50) was 15 times higher for the R (resistant) than for the S (susceptible) biotype. Cross-resistance existed for the ALS-inhibitors imazamox, imazethapyr, amidosulfuron, nicosulfuron, rimsulfuron, triasulfuron and tribenuron, but not for bensulfuron. Control of A squamatus using alternative herbicides was poor with clopyralid, intermediate with quinclorac, amitrole and MCPA, and excellent with 2,4-D, glufosinate and glyphosate. Absorption of [14C]imazapyr increased over time for both the R and S biotypes, and translocation from the treated leaf to shoots and roots was similar in both biotypes, with most of the radioactivity remaining in the treated leaf. No metabolites of imazapyr were detected in either biotype. Sensitivity of the ALS enzyme (target site) to imazapyr was lower for the R biotype (I50(R) = 4.28 x I50(S)). The mechanism of imazapyr resistance in this R biotype appears to be an altered ALS conferring decreased sensitivity to imazapyr at the whole-plant level.  相似文献   

Cross-resistance profile of mesosulfuron-methyl-resistant Italian ryegrass in the southern United States     

Kuk YI  Bugos NR 《Pest management science》2007,63(4):349-357

Diclofop-resistant Lolium species (ryegrass) is a major weed problem in wheat production worldwide. This study was conducted to determine the resistance pattern of diclofop-resistant ryegrass accessions from the southern United States to mesosulfuron-methyl, a recently commercialized herbicide for ryegrass control in wheat; to determine the cross-resistance pattern of a Lolium multiflorum Lam. (Italian ryegrass) accession, 03-1, to acetolactate synthase (ALS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors; and to determine the resistance mechanism of Italian ryegrass to mesosulfuron-methyl. Seventeen ryegrass accessions from Arkansas and Louisiana, including standard resistant and susceptible accessions, were used in this experiment. Fourteen of the 17 accessions were more resistant (four- to > 308-fold) to diclofop than the standard susceptible biotype. One accession, 03-1, was resistant to mesosulfuron-methyl as well as to other ALS inhibitor herbicides such as chlorsulfuron, imazamox and sulfometuron. Accession 03-1, however, did not show multiple resistance to the ACCase inhibitor herbicides diclofop, fluazifop, clethodim, sethoxydim and pinoxaden, nor to glyphosate. The in vivo ALS activity of the 03-1 biotype was less affected by mesosulfuron-methyl than the susceptible biotype. This indicates that the resistance mechanism of Italian ryegrass to mesosulfuron-methyl is partly due to an alteration in the target enzyme, ALS. It is concluded that diclofop-resistant ryegrass in the southern United States can be generally controlled by mesosulfuron-methyl. However, mesosulfuron-methyl must be used with caution because not all ryegrass populations are susceptible to it. There is a need for more thorough profiling of ryegrass resistance to herbicides.  相似文献   

采用ASPCR技术检测抗药性雨久花ALS突变基因 碱基种类的探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

吴明根  金万赫  许勇男 《安徽农业大学学报》2011,38(2):296-298

等位基因特异性扩增(Allele-specific PCR简称:ASPCR)技术是一项快速、简便、低成本的检测等位基因单核苷酸多态性的新方法。作者针对雨久花感抗磺酰脲类生态型ALS基因编码区第592位碱基密码(ALS氨基酸第197位)特征,采用在引物3′末端设有胸腺嘧啶核苷酸(感性)或鸟嘌呤(抗性)核苷酸的2种引物,对延边稻田发生的雨久花感抗磺酰脲类生态型ALS基因编码区第592位进行了ASPCR。检测结果显示,当以引物3′末端设有胸腺嘧啶引物时,感性类型出现ASPCR扩增带,而抗性类型无带出现,反之抗性类型有带而感性类型无带,检测到延边稻田发生的抗磺酰脲类雨久花生态型的ALS 197位点的脯氨酸被组氨酸替代,证明了该方法的有效性和可靠性。  相似文献   

中国北方部分地区麦田荠菜对苯磺隆的抗性水平   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

刘君良  王金信  刘伟堂  金涛  李小芳  毕亚玲 《农药学学报》2011,13(4):347-353

为明确北方地区冬小麦田荠菜对苯磺隆的抗性水平,运用培养皿法和温室盆栽法分别测定了山东、山西、河南、河北、陕西5省13个地区采集点麦田潜在抗药性生物型对苯磺隆的抗性水平,并分别测定了驻马店梁祝镇采集点荠菜潜在抗药性生物型和敏感生物型乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)对苯磺隆的敏感性。培养皿法测定结果表明:驻马店梁祝镇采集点荠菜抗药性生物型对苯磺隆的抗性水平最高,抗性倍数为6.17倍,其他采集点荠菜抗性倍数在0.94～2.04倍之间,仍处于较为敏感状态。温室盆栽法测定结果表明:驻马店梁祝镇采集点荠菜抗性倍数仍为最高,达到233倍, 其他地区采集点荠菜抗性倍数在1.23～3.73倍之间,尚未产生明显的抗药性。离体条件下,苯磺隆对荠菜抗药性和敏感生物型ALS的抑制中浓度(IC50)分别为0.664 μmol/L和0.053 3 μmol/L,抗药性生物型的抗性倍数达12.5倍。结果表明,驻马店梁祝镇采集点荠菜已对苯磺隆产生了较高水平的抗药性,而其体内ALS敏感性降低可能是抗药性产生的原因之一。  相似文献