Natural hybridization between wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its wild relatives Aegilops geniculata Roth and Aegilops triuncialis L.     

Iñigo Loureiro  María Concepción Escorial  María Cristina Chueca 《Pest management science》2023,79(6):2247-2254

BACKGROUND

Cultivated bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) spontaneously hybridizes with wild/weedy related Aegilops populations, but little is known about the actual rates at which this hybridization occurs under field conditions. It is very important to provide reliable empirical data on this phenomenon in order to assess the potential crop–wild introgression, especially in the context of conducting risk assessments for the commercialization of genetically modified (GM) wheat, as gene flow from wheat to Aegilops species could transfer into the wild species genes coding for traits such as resistance to herbicides, insects, diseases or environmental stresses.

RESULTS

The spontaneous hybridization rates between wheat and A. geniculata and A. triuncialis, which are very abundant in the Mediterranean area, have been estimated for the first time in the northern part of the Meseta Central, the great central plateau which includes the largest area of wheat cultivation in Spain. Hybridization rates averaged 0.12% and 0.008% for A. geniculata and A. triuncialis, respectively. Hybrids were found in 26% of A. geniculata and 5% of A. triuncialis populations, at rates that can be ≤3.6% for A. geniculata and 0.24% for A. triuncialis.

CONCLUSION

The detection of Aegilops spp.–wheat hybrids in Aegilops populations indicates that gene flow can occur, although wheat is considered a crop with a low-to-medium risk for transgene escape. These data on field hybridization rates are essential for GM wheat risk assessment purposes. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   

偏型、粘型和易型小麦雄性不育系的初步研究   总被引：47，自引：4，他引：47  

张改生  杨天章 《作物学报》1989,15(1):1-10

调查了10种不同山羊草(Aegilops)细胞质的异质小麦品种 Chris 与1B /1R 小黑麦易位系77(2)杂交 F_1及回交后代的育性表现,结果表明:1.在同核背景下,山羊草不同种的细胞质在对77(2)的育性反应上明显不同,依此差异进行特定的质核组配,能得到更宜于培育杂种小麦的新型不育系;2.不同的不育胞质在同核背景下虽都能产生雄性不育,但  相似文献   

Transpiration response of two bread wheat lines differing in drought resilience and their backcross parent under dry-down conditions     

Michael O. Itam  Ammar Wahbi  Haruyuki Fujimaki  Hisashi Tsujimoto 《Breeding Science》2021,71(5):575

Improving wheat productivity in drylands largely depends on how plants manage limited water resources. Using fraction of transpirable soil water threshold (FTSW_Th) and drought stress response function, we characterized the water conservation traits of two wheat multiple synthetic derivative lines (MSD53 and MSD345) which both contain introgressed segments from Aegilops tauschii but differ in drought resilience. The lines and their backcross parent, ‘Norin 61’, were subjected to dry-down conditions. MSD53 had a higher FTSW_Th for transpiration decrease than ‘Norin 61’ and MSD345. In terms of drought stress response function, MSD53 had the lowest threshold suction, suggesting a lower drought resilience capacity compared with MSD345. However, MSD53 exhibited an effective-water-use trait whereas MSD345 exhibited a water-saving trait under dry-down conditions. These results are consistent with the reported higher yield of MSD53 in comparison with MSD345 under drought stress in Sudan, and demonstrate that high FTSW_Th supports effective water use for improved agricultural productivity in drylands. The differences in water conservation traits between the two MSD lines may be attributed to variation in introgressed segments, which can be further explored for drought resilience breeding.  相似文献   

节节麦防除药剂及其增效助剂筛选   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱宝林  孙鹏雷  王立鹏  张晓林  王金信  刘伟堂 《植物保护学报》2020,47(5):1139-1145

为筛选能有效防除节节麦Aegilops tauschii的除草剂及助剂,通过室内盆栽法评价11种除草剂对节节麦的防除效果,分析比较15种不同助剂对其中2种除草剂甲基二磺隆和异丙隆的增效作用,并明确其最适配比。结果显示,在供试11种除草剂中,甲基二磺隆和异丙隆对节节麦具有较的好防除效果,当其施药量分别为13、1 000 g（a.i.）/hm²时,对节节麦的鲜重抑制率分别达68.40%和76.46%,其余9种除草剂的防除效果较差,鲜重抑制率在4.62%~35.95%之间;筛选到对甲基二磺隆有显著增效作用的2种助剂——乙基和甲基酯植物油、有机硅408,其最适用量分别为甲基二磺隆喷液量的0.5%和0.2%（体积比）,增效分别为15.21%和26.52%;筛选到对异丙隆有显著增效作用的3种助剂——异十三醇聚氧乙烯醚、聚醚改性七甲基三硅氧烷、乙基和甲基酯植物油,其最适用量分别为异丙隆喷液量的0.1%、0.05%、0.25%（体积比）,增效分别为26.24%、21.80%和25.99%。表明甲基二磺隆、异丙隆可用于防除节节麦,添加助剂可进一步提高其对节节麦的防除效果。  相似文献   

小伞山羊草染色体的FISH核型分析     

彭泽  杨春苗  耿广东  杨婷  杨锐  张庆勤  张素勤 《种子》2019,(8):7-9,15

采用荧光原位杂交(Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization,FISH)技术分析小伞山羊草染色体的核型特点。结果表明,小伞山羊草共包含7对染色体,其中1 U和5 U染色体各含有1对随体。分别以Oligo-pSc 119.2-1(绿色)与(GAA)7(红色)重复序列为探针对小伞山羊草根尖细胞染色体进行FISH分析,发现Oligo-pSc-119.2-1信号主要分布在染色体的端部及近端部,不同染色体之间的信号强度有所差别。(GAA)7信号主要集中于染色体着丝点附近,不但比Oligo-pSc-119.2-1信号的亮度高,分布丰富,而且在染色体上的分布可与Oligo-pSc-119.2-1信号互补。因此,同时采用Oligo-pSc-119.2-1与(GAA)72种探针能准确地辨别小伞山羊草的每对染色体,建立了小伞山羊草的FISH核型。  相似文献   

高大山羊草 Pm13染色体片段对小麦农艺和产量性状的影响     

郭军  李家前  李豪圣  王灿国  刘爱峰  程敦公  曹新有  刘建军  赵振东  宋健民 《麦类作物学报》2019,(4):387-392

含有高大山羊草 Pm13染色体片段的小麦种质R1B对白粉病菌表现高抗。为明确 Pm13对白粉病的抗性遗传特点及高大山羊草染色体片段对小麦农艺和产量性状的影响,利用R1B与高感小麦品种济麦22杂交获得的F_(2∶5)RIL群体进行自然诱发鉴定和分子标记分析。结果表明,发病后,RIL群体的抗、感病株系符合1∶1分离比(χ~2=3.261,χ■=3.841),说明白粉病抗性是由一对基因控制。经分子标记分析,RIL群体白粉病抗性由 Pm13控制,且符合孟德尔单基因遗传规律。RIL群体中抗白粉病组和感白粉病组间,抽穗期、开花期、株高、穗长、每穗可育小穗数、每穗不育小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、粒长、粒宽、粒周长、长宽比等12个性状均无显著差异(P0.05),说明高大山羊草染色体片段对这些性状没有明显不利影响。鉴于 Pm13抗性遗传稳定,应加大其利用力度,培育更多含有该基因的抗白粉病品种,发挥其在生产上的应用价值。  相似文献   

节节麦pbf基因的克隆、序列分析及原核表达     

强琴琴  杨帆  陈其皎  高翔  杨华  张龙龙 《麦类作物学报》2014,34(6):727-734

醇溶蛋白盒结合因子(prolamin-box binding factor,PBF)通过调控籽粒蛋白的表达效率进而影响面粉的加工品质。为给深入研究小麦籽粒PBF对籽粒蛋白质表达调控的分子基础提供参考依据,进而为小麦面粉加工品质的改良提供候选基因资源,利用特异引物组合pbfF1/pbf R1分别从两份节节麦(AS90、AS2386)中克隆出pbf基因后进行序列分析,并进一步构建pbf基因的原核表达体系。结果表明,从两份节节麦中克隆得到了2个不同类型的pbf基因(GenBank登录号分别为KJ544771和KJ544772),其中来源于AS2386的KJ544772与来源于普通六倍体小麦的1个pbf基因序列完全相同。推导的氨基酸序列分析表明,KJ544771和KJ544772所编码的蛋白质均为弱碱性的亲水蛋白,具有典型的DOF蛋白结构域。与其他远缘物种来源的PBF比对结果表明,该类蛋白在NLS核心、DOF结构域及Ser铰链区相对保守,而在C-端调控区变异较大,说明PBF蛋白具有种属特异性。同时,系统演化树显示,来源于节节麦AS2386的pbf基因与迄今已知的全部普通小麦的pbf基因具有高度的相似性,因此推测该种类型的节节麦很可能参与了最初的普通六倍体小麦的形成。此外,本研究成功构建了pbf基因的原核表达体系,可为后续功能验证的开展奠定基础。  相似文献   

节节麦不同生育期叶片蜡质组成和超微形态的变化     

王艳婷  孙瑜琳  王美玲  汪勇  史雪  李春莲  权力  王中华  陈耀锋 《麦类作物学报》2014,34(11):1516-1521

为了解节节麦(Aegilops tauschii Coss.)不同生育期叶片表皮蜡质组成及晶体形态的变化,对节节麦叶片蜡质进行提取,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用仪和气相色谱-火焰离子化检测仪(GC-FID)对蜡质进行了定性和定量分析,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)对叶片表面蜡质晶体形态进行了观察。结果表明,节节麦叶表皮蜡质经GC-MS分析,共鉴定出化合物21种,主要以初级醇为主(苗期、抽穗期和灌浆期相对含量分别为85%、84%和70%),并含有少量的烷烃、醛、酮和脂肪酸;随着节节麦的生长发育,蜡质总量不断积累,烷烃含量极显著地升高,其中以C29烷烃的增加最明显,而初级醇含量显著降低,其中C26醇的相对含量降低最明显(苗期、抽穗期和灌浆期相对含量分别为80%、76%和63%),其他各类化合物组分变化不大。经扫描电镜观察,节节麦叶片近轴和远轴面的蜡质晶体形态无明显差别,苗期均为片状,抽穗期大部分仍以片状形态存在,并且蜡质晶体的密集程度比苗期稀疏,灌浆期蜡质晶体的密集程度变得更加稀疏。这些变化可能与抽穗期、灌浆期烷烃含量的增加和初级醇含量的减少有关。  相似文献   

Physiological Responses of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) –Aegilops Sharonensis Introgression Lines to Excess Copper     

V. Nenova  M. Merakchiyska  G. Ganeva  E. Zozikova  & S. Landjeva 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2009,195(3):197-203

Two wheat lines (TL3 and TL5) derived from selection for Cu tolerance among wheat – Aegilops sharonensis hybrids were compared when grown as hydroponics at zero (control), 10⁻⁶ and 10⁻⁵  m CuSO₄. The morphometric measurements showed that the line TL5 with a more inhibited root system under 10⁻⁶  m CuSO₄ had a less inhibited shoot growth under 10⁻⁵  m CuSO₄ as compared to TL3. The decreased maximum efficiency of photosystem II and the more pronounced trend towards increased catalase activity suggested that despite the better shoot growth, the leaves of TL5 were more functionally injured. The increased content of carotenoids at excess Cu and the higher peroxidase and catalase activities of TL3 in control plants might contribute to its better stress tolerance. While no significant changes in enzyme activities were found at 10⁻⁶  m Cu, at 10⁻⁵  m the activities tended to increase. Although the close values of free phenolics concentrations in control plants, at Cu excess their content was higher in TL5 compared to TL3. The free phenolics content in roots at 10⁻⁶  m Cu decreased, and although higher at 10⁻⁵  m Cu, it remained below the control in TL3, and above the control in TL5. From the obtained results TL3 emerged to be more tolerant to excess Cu than TL5.  相似文献   

Tan-Spot Resistance Screening of Aegilops Species     

K. B. Alam  J. P. Gustapson 《Plant Breeding》1988,100(2):112-118

Two hundred and twelve accessions of 8 diploid and 10 polyploid species of Aegilops were evaluated for resistance to tan-spot disease of wheat, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs., under greenhouse conditions. One or more accessions of Ae. bicornis, Ae. biuncialis, Ae. Crassa, Ae. columnaris, Ae. cylindrica, Ae. speltoides, Ae. squarrosa. Ae. triaristata. Ae. triuncialis, and Ae. Ovata showed resistance following a 24-hour post-inoculation wet period. With a 36-hour wet period, diploids became only slightly or moderately susceptible and resistant polyploids became susceptible. A 48-hour wet period resulted in still greater susceptibility of both diploid and polyploid species.  相似文献