喀什地区棉田障碍因素调查及对策研究     

侯宗贤  宋全喜 《新疆农业大学学报》1999,22(4):348-350

经过 3a的调查研究 ,摸清了喀什地区棉田主要障碍因素 ,并针对性地进行了对策研究 ,使低产田改良成效显著 ,为棉花高产优质高效栽培技术提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

深松对苏打盐碱化旱田改良与利用的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘长江  李取生  李秀军 《土壤》2007,39(2):306-309

通过对不同深度深松对经过微咸水淋洗改良的中度和轻度苏打盐碱化旱田的土壤体积质量(容重)、含盐量和pH等理化性状及作物产量等相关性状的影响研究,结果表明:深松措施能够有效地降低经过淋洗改良的中度和轻度苏打盐碱化旱田的土壤体积质量、含盐量和pH,明显改善其土壤理化形状,有效地促进作物根系发育,显著提高作物产量。深松措施可作为苏打盐碱土改良与持续利用的有效耕作方式加以实施;深松方法以效果极为显著且具有可操作性的原垄垄沟深松40cm,中耕时垄沟深松30cm为佳。  相似文献   

炭化生活污水污泥对酸化红壤的改良效果     

卢再亮  刘兆东  李九玉  姜军  徐仁扣 《土壤》2015,47(2):408-413

从南京市、马鞍山市和丹阳市的3个污水处理厂采集污泥,在500℃下热解制备炭化污泥,测定了污泥和炭化污泥的性质和重金属含量,研究了污泥和炭化污泥对酸性红壤改良效果,并探讨了炭化污泥中重金属的环境风险。结果表明,污泥和炭化污泥中含有一定量的碱,添加炭化污泥可提高红壤的p H和交换性钙、镁和钾含量,降低土壤交换性铝和交换性H+含量。但污泥中大量铵态氮的硝化作用释放质子,抵消了污泥对红壤酸度的改良作用。添加污泥和炭化污泥提高了土壤有机碳、有效磷和速效钾的含量,提高了土壤肥力。污泥炭化后重金属含量有所增加,但大部分重金属的有效态含量下降,说明热解过程可以降低部分有毒重金属的活性。与对照相比,添加炭化污泥会增加土壤中部分重金属有效态含量,特别是有效态锌含量显著增加,因此炭化污泥农业利用存在一定的环境风险。建议将炭化污泥用于酸化的森林红壤的改良。  相似文献   

黑龙江垦区中低产田利用改良规划     

张之一  赵萍 《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》1992,(2):1-10

为了提高单位面积的产量,通过二年的调查研究,对黑龙江垦区中低产田的划分标准、评价和划分方法,中低产田类型、面积、分布、利用途径和改良规划进行了详尽讨论。在九个国营农场管理局耕地中,中低产田总面积为2153.57万亩,占总耕地面积的74.58%。对中低产田应按不同类型采取相应措施进行改良。总投资约需15—20亿元,年增收粮豆约16—20亿公斤。  相似文献   

固氮蓝藻在盐碱化土地生态修复中应用的研究进展   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

张巍 《土壤》2008,40(4):510-516

介绍了固 N 蓝藻细胞的结构和主要功能:固 N 蓝藻细胞中含有的叶绿素 a 能够进行产氧型光合作用;其异形细胞(hetcrocyst)是进行固 N 的场所;细胞能分泌胞外多糖(EPS),EPS为多聚阴离子大分子,可与阳离子相互作用,它对Na 的吸附能影响外环境pH改变.从4个方面分析了固N蓝藻的耐盐机理:Na /H 和 Na /H -K 反向载体系统可以不断地将胞内Na 排出胞外;在盐胁迫情况下可以合成酸性化合物,从而降低土壤的pH值;积累或产生一些相溶性物质,维持细胞内外渗透压平衡;结合 N 的存在可以阻止过量Na 的积累,从而提高蓝细菌的耐盐性等.详细介绍了国内外固N蓝藻在盐碱土生态恢复中的研究进展,分析了固 N 蓝藻在盐碱地改良中的优势及应用潜力以及蓝藻生物菌肥的研究与应用.  相似文献   

Soil pH change after surface application of lime related to the levels of soil disturbance caused by no-tillage seeding machinery     

K.C. Flower  W.L. Crabtree 《Field Crops Research》2011,121(1):75-87

On acid soils, no-tillage farmers are often advised to apply lime to the soil surface without incorporation by tillage. As such, it can take a number of years before the subsoil acidity is decreased. However, no-tillage seeders vary in the level of soil disturbance caused during seed placement. The consequence of such variations in soil disturbance for the effectiveness of lime in no-tillage cropping has not been explored. Our objectives were (i) to determine if the liming effect could be accelerated by increasing the rate of lime and level of soil disturbance during no-tillage seeding, and (ii) evaluate the effect of no-tillage seeding method, rate of lime and soil pH on yield of wheat, barley, canola and lupins. Three trials, each with a factorial design consisting of four seeding methods and four lime rates, were established in 1999 and continued until 2005. The soil had a texture contrast with about 15-20 cm of sand over yellow sandy clay loam and the initial pH (CaCl₂) at both 0-10 and 10-20 cm was between 4.5 and 4.7. The four seeding treatments were: low disturbance zero-till disc openers (ZT), higher disturbance no-tillage tines with narrow knife-points (NT), higher disturbance full cut seeding with sweeps (FC) for the first three years followed by ZT from then on, and FC for the first year followed by NT thereafter. The four lime rates were 0, 1, 2 and 4 t ha⁻¹.The liming effect was more rapid with the higher disturbance seeding of NT, FCZT and FCNT, compared with ZT; the seeding effect on soil pH diminished with time and was not detected in the subsoil after four years. Higher rates of lime increased this effect and there was no interaction between seeding method and lime rate. This indicated that soil pH under the different seeding methods responded in a similar manner to increased lime. Nonetheless, significant positive linear regressions were found between yield and soil pH for wheat and barley and a negative relationship for lupins. Canola showed no response to soil pH, possibly because establishment was affected by seeding method, and soil pH was not low enough to elicit a response. The ZT seeding method gave lower yields than the other methods for canola and lupins in some years, but had no effect on wheat and barley yields. Higher disturbance at the time of no-till seeding can, therefore, accelerate the liming effect, making earlier economic gains possible.  相似文献   

Amelioration Effects of Crop Residues with Different Chemical Components on an Acidic Tea Garden Soil     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(8):1310-1321

Various crop residues were applied to a strongly acidic tea garden soil to investigate their performance in ameliorating soil acidity. A laboratory study found the performance of crop residues on soil acid amelioration was mainly determined by the combined effect of nitrogen (N) transformation, cation exchange, and ash alkalinity. Nitrogen transformation was varied for different crop residues added, but followed N regulation, resulting in an adverse liming effect. It was assumed that during the release of ash alkalinity, cations replaced soil exchangeable acidity in soil solution, which largely diminished the liming effect of ash alkalinity. That was why soil pH was highly correlated with N transformation process. Furthermore, soil pH was positively correlated with carbon (C)/N ratios of crop residues both in low-level treatment (R ² = 0.955) and in high-level treatment (R ² = 0.981). Therefore, crop residues with relative high C/N ratios were considered to be more suitable for long-term pH adjustment of tea garden soils.  相似文献   

Ameliorating Effects of Fungus Chaff and Its Biochar on Soil Acidity     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(15):1913-1921

A biochar was generated from fungus chaff at 300 °C, and the ameliorating effects of fungus chaff and its biochar on an acidic Ultisol were compared using incubation experiments. Incorporation of fungus chaff and its biochar significantly increased soil pH and soil exchangeable base cations but decreased soil exchangeable acidity. The ameliorating effect was greater for the biochar than the fungus chaff, and thus the biochar was a better amendment for acidic soil than its feedstock of fungus chaff. The biochar ameliorated soil acidity mainly through the release of its contained alkaline substances, while fungus chaff increased pH of acidic soils through two mechanisms: release of alkaline substances and inhibition of soil nitrification. The incorporation of fungus chaff increased soil-available organic carbon and thus accelerated the microbial assimilation of inorganic nitrogen, while incorporation of fungus chaff biochar enhanced nitrification due to increased soil pH.  相似文献   

有机物料对强酸性茶园土壤的酸度调控研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

王磊  汪玉  杨兴伦  张明  蒋新 《土壤》2013,45(3):430-436

通过室内培养的方式,研究了不同添加剂量下,不同C/N与灰化碱含量的有机物料对酸性茶园土壤的改良能力.试验结果表明:有机物料的添加可以有效地减少土壤交换性酸、铝饱和度,增加土壤交换性碱基,但是在调节土壤pH能力上并非一定有效.初始阶段,“灰化碱”的释放与有机氮的矿化提高了土壤的pH,随后pH由于硝化作用出现不同程度的下降.C/N高的作物秸秆(小麦和水稻秸秆)能够有效地抑制硝化,使pH下降幅度较小;而C/N低的作物秸秆(花生秸秆和菜籽饼)促进硝化,使pH大幅度下降.最终土壤pH与其C/N呈正相关性(y=0.00343x+4.14,r=0.977),而与其灰化碱含量无关.并且随着秸秆添加剂量的加大,C/N高的作物秸秆最终调剂pH的能力是显著提高的(P＜0.05),而C/N低的作物秸秆最终调剂pH的能力没有显著提高(P＜0.05).因此,C/N高的作物秸秆可能更适合土壤酸度的长期调节,与其相关的田间试验需要进一步进行证实.  相似文献   

Changes of soil chemistry,stand nutrition,and stand growth at two Scots pine (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus sylvestris</Emphasis> L.) sites in Central Europe during 40 years after fertilization,liming, and lupine introduction     

Jörg Prietzel  Karl Eugen Rehfuess  Ulrich Stetter  Hans Pretzsch 《European Journal of Forest Research》2008,127(1):43-61

Long-term (40 years) effects of two soil amelioration techniques [NPKMgCa fertilization + liming; combination of PKMgCa fertilization, liming, tillage, and introduction of lupine (Lupinus polyphyllus L.)] on chemical topsoil properties, stand nutrition, and stand growth at two sites in Germany (Pfaffenwinkel, Pustert) with mature Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest were investigated. Both sites are characterized by base-poor parent material, historic N and P depletion by intense litter-raking, and recent high atmospheric N input. Such sites contribute significantly to the forested area in Central Europe. Amelioration resulted in a long-term increase of pH, base saturation, and exchangeable Ca and Mg stocks in the topsoil. Moreover, significant losses of the forest floor in organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen stocks, and a decrease of the C/N ratio in the topsoil were noticed. The concentrations and stocks of OC and N in the mineral topsoil increased; however, the increases compensated only the N, but not the OC losses of the forest floor. During the recent 40 years, the N nutrition of the stands at the control plots improved considerably, whereas the foliar P, K, and Ca concentrations decreased. The 100-fascicle weights and foliar concentrations of N, P, Mg, and Ca were increased after both amelioration procedures throughout the entire 40-year period of investigation. For both stands, considerable growth acceleration during the recent 40 years was noticed on the control plots; the amelioration resulted in an additional significant long-term growth enhancement, with the NPKMgCa fertilization liming + being more effective than the combination of PKMgCa fertilization, liming, tillage, and introduction of lupine. The comprehensive evaluation of soil, foliage, and growth data revealed a key relevance of the N and P nutrition of the stands for their growth, and a change from initial N limitation to a limitation of other growth factors (P, Mg, Ca, and water).  相似文献