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1.
Soil amidase activity in polyacrylamide-treated soils and potential activity toward common amide-containing pesticides 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jeanine L. Kay-Shoemake M. E. Watwood Robert E. Sojka Roderick D. Lentz 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2000,31(2):183-186
Polyacrylamide (PAM) is currently used as an irrigation water additive to significantly reduce the amount of soil erosion
that occurs during furrow irrigation of crops. Elevated soil amidase activity specific toward the large PAM polymer has been
reported in PAM-treated field soils; the substrate specificity of the induced amidase is uncertain. PAM-treated and untreated
soils were assayed for their capacity to hydrolyze the amide bond in carbaryl (Sevin), diphenamid (Dymid), and naphthalene
acetamide. Based on results obtained with a soil amidase assay, there was no difference between PAM-treated and untreated
soils with respect to the rate of amide bond hydrolysis of any of the agrochemicals tested. It appears that under these assay
conditions the PAM-induced soil amidase is not active toward the amide bonds within these molecules. However, carbaryl was
hydrolyzed by a different soil amidase. To our knowledge, this is the first soil enzyme assay-based demonstration of the hydrolysis
of carbaryl by a soil amidase.
Received: 23 June 1999 相似文献
2.
Marcela A. Rodríguez Dolors BoschJesús Avilla 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2012,103(1):43-48
The resistance of Cydia pomonella (L.) to organophosphates is widespread throughout the pome fruit growing areas. The lethal effects of two insecticides inhibitors of the acetylcholine esterase, azinphos-methyl and carbaryl, were evaluated in adults of five and four field populations of the codling moth, respectively. The lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) of these insecticides were determined in a susceptible strain from Spain (S_Spain). Topical bioassays using the approximate LC90 values (3000 mg (a.i.)/L of carbaryl and 2000 mg (a.i.)/L of azinphos-methyl) that were obtained in S_Spain were tested as diagnostic concentrations. The enzymatic activities of mixed-function oxidases (MFO), glutathione S-transferases (GST) and esterases (EST) were measured to investigate their potential role in the detoxification of these insecticides.Carbaryl and azinphos-methyl caused ?53% and ?39% corrected mortality, respectively, in field populations, although the diagnostic concentrations applied were twofold and fourfold higher than the maximum concentration registered in Spain, respectively. The activities of MFO and GST were 7.3- to 16.1-fold higher and 2.5- to 3.7-fold higher in all the field populations compared to those in S_Spain, respectively. 相似文献
3.
Pankaj Kumar Tripathi 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2004,79(1):1-9
When the freshwater snail Lymnaea acuminata was exposed to sub-lethal doses (2.0, 5.0, and 8.0 mg/L) of carbaryl, fecundity was significantly reduced and even stopped at higher sub-lethal doses and altered metabolic activity in the body tissue of the snail was observed. The change from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism results in lesser energy production in the body tissues of the snails, causing paralysis and finally death. This reduced fecundity and altered metabolism suggests that it would be better to avoid the use of carbaryl pesticides in the water bodies or fields adjoining the water bodies particularly in the rainy season. 相似文献
4.
P. Matos A. Fonta?´nhas-Fernandes F. Peixoto J. Carrola E. Rocha 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2007,89(1):73-80
The purpose of this study was to evaluate biochemical and morphological responses induced by carbaryl in the liver of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed during 21 days to sublethal concentrations (0.25 and 0.5 mg L−1), testing also recover for 14 days in clean water, after 14 days exposure. The activities of the following enzymes were measured: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Globally, our data showed that exposure to carbaryl decreased the SOD, CAT, GR, and GST activities, except for the SOD and GST activities after 14 days exposure to 0.25 mg L−1. In contrast, after 14 days exposure the GR activity of the hepatic tissue from carbaryl-treated fish showed significant elevation in relation to the control. When fish were left to recover, a positive response was seen in the GSH and GSSG contents. The results of the recovery group suggest that the toxicity produced by carbaryl is reversible to some extent within 15 days. The liver histological analysis showed differences between fish concerning the cellular vacuolization degree (VD) of the hepatocytes. In fish exposed to carbaryl it was observed an increasing hepatocellular basophilia. No other histological alterations were observed when fish was exposed to carbaryl, except a few necrotic foci at day 7. The sections stained with PAS reaction showed that the vacuolization was always not due to glycogen deposits, thus suggesting lipid accumulation. The combined increased basophilia and glycogen depletion is a common, although non-specific, liver response to many toxicants. In short, this work shows a relation between histological and biochemical changes in liver and carbaryl exposure. The effects of carbaryl were observed at different concentrations. 相似文献
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M. A. El-Sayed A. R. El-Shanshoury M. A. Swelim S. S. Abd El -Salam 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1993,170(4):217-223
Treatment of clay loam soil with carbaryl (sevin), thiodicarb (larvin) and methomyl (lannate) at field and 10 folds the recommended doses showed a variable effect on population of total bacteria, azotobacters and nitrifying bacteria, in addition to the soil content of total soluble salts; the effect differed according to the herbicide and the dose level. The bacterial population was significantly increased in the first five days of treatment, then a decrease was recorded. The increase in the microbial population and total soluble salts were proportion to the levels of the insecticides. Moreover, supplementation of glucose to the soil caused substantial increase over that in the insecticide and/or glucose free soils. 相似文献
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固相抗体直接竞争ELISA法测定小白菜和苹果中的甲萘威残留 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
采用固相抗体直接竞争ELISA法测定小白菜和苹果中的甲萘威残留量 ,并以高效液相色谱法进行验证。结果表明:ELISA法测定小白菜和苹果中甲萘威残留的检测限为0.4 ng/ kg;样本中添加 0.1mg/ kg和 10.0 mg/ kg甲萘威标样 ,以该法测定的回收率分别为80.9%～ 116 %和 86.7%～ 96.3% ,变异系数分别为 9.62 %～ 16.9%和 7.34%～ 11.4 % ;实际样本中甲萘威残留 ELISA测定的变异系数为 6.89%～ 10.3% ,符合残留分析的要求。方法简便快速 ,测定结果与高效液相色谱法测定结果基本一致。 相似文献
9.
[目的]建立同时测定水中甲萘威和阿特拉津的固相萃取-高效液相色谱法。[方法]利用固相萃取富集浓缩、高效液相色谱柱实现分离、紫外检测器定量检测的方法,同时测定水中甲萘威和阿特拉津含量。[结果]在试验条件下,甲萘威和阿特拉津在0.1~10.0mg/L浓度范围内的标准曲线线性相关系数分别达到0.999 9和0.999 0,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.3%~0.5%和1.0%~3.7%,检出限分别为0.003和0.010μg/L。[结论]该方法具有操作简便、分析结果准确、检出限低等优点,适用于同时测定水中甲萘威和阿特拉津含量。 相似文献
10.
While at present the strategies for thinning the main apple cultivars are based on carbaryl, from 2008 onwards growers will
have to try to achieve adequate crop load without this well known compound. The tank-mix NAA + benzyladenine proved to be
an option for thinning difficult cultivars like ‘Fuji’ by using active ingredients that will still be available after 2008.
Intensive but selective thinning occurred using metamitron, an a. i. currently registered as herbicide that has been recently
proposed by the EUFRIN Thinning Group as a high-potential molecule for crop load control.
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