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氧肟酸是禾本科植物中与自身化学防御系统有密切关系的重要次生代谢物质。氧肟酸的合成基因位点存在于Bx系统,其生物合成机制与色氨酸相似。通过对植物内生性轮状镰刀霉(Fusarium verticillioides)的研究表明,丁布的生物降解产物主要为HMPMA,AMPO,BOA-X。与亲核试剂的反应、对氨基酸衍生物进行蛋白质修饰的功能等均是氧肟酸的生物学效应原理,如对硫氢基等进行攻击反应。昆虫体内3大营养物质的代谢及呼吸链的电子传递能被丁布所抑制,表现出其对昆虫的生理毒性作用。 相似文献
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感染斑病菌后玉米抗感近等基因系丁布含量变化的比较研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文比较了玉米抗、感大斑病菌近等基因系丁布含量及其在感病过程中的动态变化。结果发现，在未受病菌侵染的情况下，Ht1Ht1、Ht2Ht2和HtNHtN3种抗病系以及htht感病系间丁布含量没有明显差异。接种大斑病菌后，各种抗病系在病菌侵染初期丁布含量迅速大幅度上升，在整个病程中始终明显高于感病系。感染大斑病菌最终导致罹病植 相似文献
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Carlos A. Escobar Hermann M. Niemeyer 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):163-167
Abstract Swedish wheats were analysed at the seedling stage for hydroxamic acids (Hx), a family of natural aphid resistance factors. Analysis comprised the historical development from old landraces to modern cultivars, and included cultivars in the Swedish National List of Cultivars for 1992–93. Spring and winter wheats contained similar average Hx concentrations, 2.12 ± 0.801 (n = 26) and 2.37 ± 0.816 (n = 49) mmol/kg fr. wt, respectively. Cultivars recommended for 1992–93 showed lower levels of Hx, 1.14 ± 0.574 (n = 7) and 1.97 ± 0.751 (n = 8), respectively. Breeding wheat for higher Hx levels as a means of obtaining increased aphid resistance is discussed. 相似文献
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Maize spotted stalk borer (Chilo partellus Swinhoe Pyralidae) (MSSB) is a serious pest of the maize (Zea mays ssp. mays L.) crop in Pakistan. This study was conducted to introgress resistance in maize against MSSB by exploring wild sources of resistance for the development of a resistant maize variety. To achieve this, teosinte (‘PI566674’) × maize (‘Sargodha-2002’) crosses were conducted and three populations (F1, F2 and F3) were established. These populations were screened at various locations and in a contrasting artificial insect infestation experiment. Teosinte species ‘PI566674’, following screening, was shown to be highly resistant to MSSB and had the ability to produce a high biomass (5 times higher than susceptible genotypes) under high temperatures (36–40 °C). The biomass of the F1 hybrid, which was highly susceptible to MSSB, was significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.05) following infestation by MSSB in all experiments. The introgression from teosinte for genes conferring resistance to MSSB was screened in segregating F2 and F3 generations. Despite a susceptible F1 population, F2 was resistant to MSSB. Twenty new recombinant plants with resistance to MSSB and a high leaf soluble solid (16 °Brix) content were identified. They were selected to grow the F3 population. Mean values of F3 progenies showed similar resistance to the F2 population but a high percentage (60%) of resistant plants was recovered. 相似文献
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丁布胁迫对亚洲玉米螟氧化还原系统的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探明丁布胁迫对亚洲玉米螟氧化还原系统的影响,采用酶活力测定方法和实时荧光定量PCR技术,研究了取食丁布含量差异显著的3个玉米品种登海662、浚单20和隆玉602叶片及模拟其叶片丁布含量的人工饲料后,玉米螟3龄幼虫氧化还原系统主要酶活性和谷氧还蛋白(Grx)mRNA转录表达的变化。结果显示:取食3个玉米品种叶片24 h后,亚洲玉米螟幼虫过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性均显著高于对照,且在3个品种处理间差异显著,由大到小依次为登海662(118.30 U/mg和182.19 U/mg)、浚单20(107.13 U/mg和90.02 U/mg)和隆玉602(77.54 U/mg和93.59 U/mg)。取食浚单20可显著促进幼虫脂肪体Grx的表达,取食登海662可显著促进其中肠Grx的表达;取食模拟登海662叶片丁布含量的人工饲料12 h后,幼虫脂肪体中Grx表达量高于对应玉米叶片饲喂处理,而中肠部位则低于对应玉米叶片饲喂处理;取食模拟浚单20的结果与模拟登海662相反。表明亚洲玉米螟氧化还原系统在防御丁布胁迫过程中发挥着重要作用。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):379-400
Summary Heterocyclic 1,4-benzoxazin-3-ones and related benzox-azolinones are important natural products of the cereal crops maize, wheat and rye. Much research has focused on the role of these compounds as defensive agents against plant diseases and pests. Studies of a wide variety of biological effects on herbivores and nematodes, plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria are reviewed in this article. Phytotoxic activity of the compounds is also considered with respect to allelopathic interaction with higher plants. Recent investigations of molecular aspects of interactions of cyclic hydroxamic acids and related benzoxazo-linones with acceptor organisms have demonstrated different effective detoxification strategies and tolerance mechanisms. This research has greatly advanced our knowledge about the multiple roles that these allelochemicals play in ecological systems. 相似文献
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【目的】对比2种前处理方法对丁布含量的影响,建立UPLC-MS/MS测定棉铃虫体内丁布含量的分析方法。【方法】棉铃虫样品经甲醇涡旋振荡、超声波提取,用Waters UPLC-MS/MS (Xevo TQS质谱)检测丁布的含量,BEH C18色谱柱,流动相为甲醇-水(含0.5%的冰乙酸)梯度洗脱,流速0.3 mL/min。【结果】棉铃虫样品在低浓度5 μg/L、高浓度50 μg/L 2个添加水平下,甲醇超声提取法的添加回收率最佳,平均添加回收率分别为84.26%、96.78%,最低检测质量浓度为5 μg/L。【结论】该方法的准确度和精密度、添加回收率均符合化合物残留分析的要求。 相似文献