Changes in metabolic profiles of urine from rats following chronic exposure to anticholinesterase pesticides     

Hui-Ping Wang  Yu-Jie Liang  Qi Zhang  Ding-Xin LongWei Li  Li LiLin Yang  Xian-Zhong Yan  Yi-Jun Wu 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2011,101(3):232-239

Previous studies have demonstrated that the anticholinesterase pesticides chlorpyrifos and carbaryl are neurotoxic to mammals. However, the toxicity of these pesticides to other organs and their potential interactive effects remain unclear. Our goal in this study was to assess the toxicities of ingestion of chlorpyrifos and carbaryl both separately, and in combination to non-nervous systems, especially the effect on urinary metabolic profiles, in rats. Chlorpyrifos, carbaryl and a mixture of these pesticides, were administered orally to Wistar rats for 90 consecutive days. Histopathological examination of liver and kidney and metabonomic analysis based on the urinary ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were used to investigate the toxic effects. The results showed that no histopathological changes were observed in the liver or kidney tissues, but metabonomic analysis revealed alternations in a number of urinary metabolites involving in the energy metabolism in liver mitochondria. Treatment of rats with chlorpyrifos alone led to an increase in creatine, glycine, dimethylglycine, dimethylamine, glutamine, succinate, alanine, lactate, and glucose. The categories of main differential urinary metabolites in carbaryl-treated rats were similar to those in chlorpyrifos-treated rats, whereas the changes were of varying degree. A combination of a low dose of chlorpyrifos and carbaryl resulted in an increase in the levels of main urinary metabolites compared to the controls, and the increase in signal intensity of the main metabolites was lower than that in the rats exposed to chlorpyrifos or carbaryl alone. All above results suggest that chronic exposure to chlorpyrifos and carbaryl alone, or in combination could cause disturbance of metabolic function in liver mitochondria and renal failure. Overall, we have shown that urine metabonomic analysis is non-invasive, sensitive, and relatively fast for assessing the individual or mutual effects following exposure to pesticides.  相似文献   

Dietary N,N‐dimethylglycine supplementation improves nutrient digestibility and attenuates pulmonary hypertension syndrome in broilers     

I. D. Kalmar  A. Cools  J. Buyse  P. Roose  G. P. J. Janssens 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2010,94(6):e339-e347

N,N‐dimethylglycine (DMG) is an intermediary metabolite in cellular choline and betaine metabolism. The present trial aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary DMG on nutrient digestibility and development of pulmonary hypertension syndrome in broilers. A total of 64 14‐day‐old broiler hens (Ross‐308) were raised until age 40 days under cold environmental temperature conditions (15 °C) and were fed a high energy feed in order to incite pulmonary hypertension. Birds were randomly assigned to two groups of which each group had eight replicate pens of four birds each. Test diets contained 0 or 167 mg Na‐DMG (Taminizer^® D; Taminco N.V., Ghent, Belgium)/kg feed. N,N‐dimethylglycine supplementation resulted in a significant improvement in apparent faecal digestibility of crude protein and nitrogen‐free extract. Further, fulminant ascites was numerically lowered by DMG and incidence of pulmonary hypertension decreased significantly from 44.8% in the control group to 14.6% in the DMG group. Finally, fasted plasma level of non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA) was twofold in the control group in relation to the DMG group. In conclusion, these data demonstrate beneficial effects of DMG on digestibility of non‐fat fractions, on fat metabolism and on progression towards broiler ascites syndrome.  相似文献