银合欢枝叶的饲用价值、毒性和微生物脱毒利用的研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

汪儆  雷祖玉  冯学勤  杨家晃 《动物营养学报》1993,(2)

本文对热带、亚热带木本豆科饲料银合欢枝叶的饲用价值、毒性和微生物脱毒利用的技术及其效果进行了研究。试验结果表明:银合欢枝叶干物质粗蛋白质含量约为21％,有毒氨基酸含羞草素含量约为3％。含羞草素可在反刍家畜瘤胃内转变为另一毒素3-羟基-4(1氢)吡啶酮(DHP)。我国南方内陆地区反刍家畜瘤胃内不存在可使DHP降解的细菌,故采食银合欢出现中毒反应,并使日增重和饲料报酬下降。将澳大利亚DHP-降解细菌接种到我国内陆地区黄牛瘤胃内,可使黄牛取得对DHP的脱毒能力。作者发现我国广西北海市一小岛——涠洲岛的黄牛和山羊瘤胃内也存在某种DHP-降解细菌,将其接种转移到我国内陆地区乳牛瘤胃内,乳牛成功地取得了对DHP的脱毒能力。用涠洲DHP-降解细菌脱毒银合欢枝叶饲养乳牛取得了良好的饲养效果。  相似文献   

饲料中黄曲霉毒素的危害及脱毒方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨忠诚  刘镜  龚铭  龚俞 《贵州畜牧兽医》2016,(3):18-20

黄曲霉毒素是由黄曲霉菌产生的对人体和畜禽有毒的一类生物毒素,给畜牧养殖业造成了极大的损失。黄曲霉毒素对饲料的污染具有季节性和区域性,南方夏季高温高湿的气候极易发生饲料黄曲霉毒素污染。文章主要从黄曲霉毒素对畜禽的危害、黄曲霉毒素的检测方法及脱毒方法进行概述。  相似文献   

Detoxification of α-tomatine by tomato pathogens Alternaria alternata tomato pathotype and Corynespora cassiicola and its role in infection     

Kumiko Oka  Akiko Okubo  Motoichiro Kodama  Hiroshi Otani 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(3):152-158

In tomato plants, α-tomatine, a steroidal glycoalkaloid saponin, inhibits fungal growth. Tomato pathogens that produce host-specific toxins, Alternaria alternata tomato pathotype causing Alternaria stem canker and Corynespora cassiicola causing Corynespora target spot, were investigated for sensitivity to α-tomatine. Although spore germination of A. alternata pathogenic and nonpathogenic to tomato and of C. cassiicola pathogenic to tomato was not affected by 0.1 mM α-tomatine, spore germination of C. cassiicola nonpathogenic to tomato was significantly inhibited. This result showed that A. alternata, regardless of its pathogenicity, and only the C. cassiicola pathogenic to tomato are resistant to α-tomatine. Germinating spores of A. alternata and C. cassiicola resistant to α-tomatine detoxified α-tomatine by degrading it to a less polar product. After inoculation of tomato leaves, spores of A. alternata and C. cassiicola nonpathogenic to tomato germinated and formed appressoria, but did not form infection hyphae in host tissues. When a host-specific toxin (CCT-toxin) produced by C. cassiicola pathogenic to tomato was added to nonpathogenic spores, colonization within leaves was observed in A. alternata, but not in C. cassiicola. On the other hand, when spores of C. cassiicola nonpathogenic to tomato were suspended in spore germination fluid of nonpathogenic A. alternata with α-tomatine detoxification activity, the fungus could be induced to colonize leaves in the presence of CCT-toxin. These results indicate that A. alternata tomato pathotype and C. cassiicola pathogenic to tomato detoxify α-tomatine during infection and that this detoxification is essential for host colonization by pathogens that produce host-specific toxins.  相似文献   

“抗”“感”苜蓿品种对豌豆蚜适应性及体内酶活的影响     

魏江文  刘磊  王森山  陈丽霞  蒋明君  王庚浩  徐亨昊 《草地学报》2022,30(5):1171-1177

本研究通过测定豌豆蚜在取食“抗”“感”2个紫花苜蓿品种(高抗品种'甘农5号’和感虫品种'猎人河’)之后的存活率、体内酶活性等指标,分析2个苜蓿品种对豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum)存活率及体内保护酶和解毒酶活性的影响。结果表明：取食高抗苜蓿品种的豌豆蚜在24 h时体内的超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、羧酸酯酶(Carboxylesterase,CarE)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(Glutathione-S-transferase,GST)和细胞色素P450s (Cytochrome P450s,P450s)活性最高,其存活率从12 h的85.3%降到46.7%;取食感虫苜蓿品种的豌豆蚜过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD),SOD和CarE活性呈现先上升后下降的趋势,过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)活性呈现先下降后上升的趋势,存活率从12 h的90.7%降到24 h的86.0%。从结果可以看出,抗虫品种对豌豆蚜的影响大于感虫品种,24 h为豌豆蚜通过酶活维持机体内代谢平衡的关键期,且CarE在豌豆蚜适应两苜蓿品种时起到重要的调控作用。  相似文献   

Evaluation of bioremediation and detoxification potentiality of Aspergillus niger for removal of hexavalent chromium in soil microcosm     

Shaili Srivastava 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2006,38(7):1904-1911

Aspergillus niger isolated from soil of leather tanning effluent had higher activity to remove chromium then the other fungal isolates. The potency of A. niger was evaluated in shake flask culture by absorption of chromium at pH 6, temperature 30 °C. The toxicity of chromium evaluated in petriplates and soil microcosm seed bioassay test had indicated increase in toxicity with the higher concentration of chromate. A. niger introduced in soil microcosm (40% moisture content) with different concentration of chromate (250, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm) removed more than 70% chromium in soil contaminated by 250 and 500 ppm of chromate. However, chromium-contaminated soil (2000 ppm of potassium chromate) mixed with compost (5% and 10%) significantly removed chromium in presence of fungus, A. niger. The results of chromate toxicity in the wheat plants revealed that the peroxidases was induced due to increase of metal stress which was reversed in soil microcosm amended with compost.  相似文献   

麝香石竹的组培脱毒技术研究     

许杰 《安徽农业科学》2008,36(12):4864-4865

[目的]探索麝香石竹的组培脱毒技术。[方法]以麝香石竹0.3~0.4 mm长的茎尖为外植体,在分化培养基中诱导丛生芽,丛生芽进行继代培养后,将幼苗进行病毒检测,将无毒幼苗保留继续繁殖,然后将无毒的幼苗移植到生根培养基中诱导生根。[结果]不同大小的香石竹茎尖对丛生芽的诱导有较大影响,以0.3 mm茎尖为最佳。丛生芽的诱导以MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+IAA 2.0 mg/L、根的诱导以1/2MS+IAA 0.5 mg/L(或IBA 0.5 mg/L)为最佳培养基。田间比较试验表明,与未脱毒麝香石竹相比,脱毒麝香石竹花的颜色鲜艳,切花品质好,产花量高,花裂萼少。[结论]该研究为扩大麝香石竹的繁殖提供了技术保障。  相似文献   

白水生姜组培脱毒及离体快繁体系建立研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴家丽  赵佐敏  艾勇 《长江蔬菜》2011,(4):17-20

以白水生姜茎尖为材料进行组培脱毒及离体快繁体系建立研究,结果表明,姜块催芽并在40～45℃光照箱中热处理30 d,再结合微茎尖（0.1～0.3 mm）分生组织培养,能有效脱除白水生姜烟草花叶病毒（TMV）和黄瓜花叶病毒（CMV）。以MS为基本培养基,添加6-BA 2.0 mg/L、NAA 0.1 mg/L有利于茎尖诱导分化;最适试管苗增殖培养基为MS＋6-BA 3.0 mg/L＋NAA 0.03 mg/L,增殖系数达7倍,丛芽叶绿、壮,长势好;生根培养基以MS＋NAA 0.5 mg/L＋IBA0.1 mg/L为宜,生根率达100%,纤维根多。  相似文献   

泥鳅生长及抗氧化 解毒酶系统对水体中转Cry1Ab/Ac基因水稻残遗物的响应     

孙远东  刘雨芳  李菲  肖璐  谭树华  桂芳艳  莫书银  孙丽川  刘文海  戈峰 《中国生态农业学报》2015,23(1):95-101

在泥鳅养殖水体中添加稻秆粉模拟水稻残遗物生境,研究了泥鳅生长和肝胰脏抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT)与解毒酶(GST)活性对转Cry1Ab/Ac基因水稻‘华恢1号’(HH1)的响应。设计以HH1稻秆粉10 mg·L?1、50 mg·L?1、100 mg·L?1和200 mg·L?1 4个梯度浓度处理泥鳅为试验组,以非转Bt基因水稻‘明恢63’(MH63)稻秆粉处理组为阴性对照,不加稻秆粉的基础饲养组为空白对照。结果显示:在4种稻秆粉浓度下,HH1组与MH63对照组泥鳅的特定生长率、肥满度、内脏系数及SOD、CAT和GST酶活性均无显著差异(P0.05);与空白对照比较,稻秆粉浓度升高对泥鳅生长的抑制逐渐增强,当浓度达到200 mg·L?1时,HH1组和MH63对照组泥鳅的特定生长率、内脏系数与CAT活性降低。研究结果表明,水体中低含量的转融合基因Cry1Ab/Ac水稻HH1稻秆粉对泥鳅的生长与生理酶活性没有明显影响,高浓度HH1和MH63稻秆粉均使泥鳅的生长和生理酶活性显著降低,这可能与养殖水体中浓度较高的悬浮稻秆粉妨碍了泥鳅的呼吸和滤食,及稻秆粉的分解降低了水体p H和溶氧量有关。  相似文献   

Variation of acephate susceptibility and correlation with esterase and glutathione S-transferase activities in field populations of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris     

Yu Cheng Zhu  Randall Luttrell 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2012,103(3):202-209

The tarnished plant bug (TPB) has increasingly become an economically important pest of cotton. Heavy dependence on insecticides, particularly organophosphates and pyrethroids, for TPB control facilitated resistance development to multiple classes of insecticides. To better understand resistance and explore ways to monitor resistance in field populations, this study examined acephate susceptibility and the activities of two major detoxification enzymes in nine field populations collected in the Delta region of Mississippi and Arkansas in 2010. Two Arkansas populations from Reed and Backgate had 3.5- and 4.3-fold resistance to acephate, as compared to a susceptible laboratory strain. Extensive planting of cotton and heavy chemical sprays is a major driving force for resistance development to acephate in Mid-south cotton growing areas. Reduced susceptibility to acephate was highly correlated with elevated esterase activities. The acephate-resistant populations from Backgate, Lula, and Reed consistently had higher (up to 5.3-fold) esterase activities than susceptible populations. Regression analysis of LC₅₀s with kinetic esterase activities revealed a significant polynomial quadratic relationship with R² up to 0.89. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) also had elevated activity in most populations, but the variations of GST activities were not significantly correlated with changes of acephate susceptibility. Finally, examination of esterase and GST inhibitors indicated that suppression rates (up to 70%) by two esterase inhibitors in 2010 were slightly lower than those detected in 2006, and ethacrynic acid (EA) inhibited GST effectively in both years. Two other GST inhibitors (sulfobromophthalein and diethyl maleate) displayed significantly lower suppression rates in 2010 than those detected in 2006, suggesting a potential genetic shift in pest populations and a necessity of continued monitoring for insecticide resistance with both bioassay and biochemical approaches. Results indicated that using major detoxification enzyme activities for resistance monitoring may provide insight into acephate resistance in field populations of TPB.  相似文献   

“疯草”中苦马豆素解毒制剂及抗肿瘤应用研究进展     

郝宝成  梁剑平  杨贤鹏  刘宇  王保海  王学红  刘建枝  赵美荣  张铎 《安徽农业科学》2012,(5):2664-2665,2668

"疯草"中的主要毒性成分苦马豆素,属于一种多羟基取代吲哚兹定生物碱。其能抑制动物机体中的α-甘露糖苷酶,造成人和动物中毒;同时又具有极强的抗肿瘤活性,而对人有益。全文概述了苦马豆素的生化特性、中毒机理、解毒制剂研制以及抗肿瘤作用的研究进展,以期为预防治疗苦马豆素中毒以及合理开发利用苦马豆素提供参考。  相似文献