额济纳旗浅层地下水环境研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

苏永红  冯起  朱高峰 《干旱区资源与环境》2004,(Z2)

通过 2 0 0 3年 4- 5月在黑河下游额济纳分两条路线 (a -a’和b -b’)采集水样 ,分析了额济纳现状水资源特征。远离河道区域水化学类型有HCO3·SO4-Na、Cl·SO4-Na·Ca、HCO3·Cl-Na·Ca和SO4·Cl-Na ;在河道附近或河道地区水化学类型主要是SO4·HCO3-Na ,类型单一 ;研究区矿化度和各离子含量随距离补给源的远近增减而升降 ,表明它们主要依赖于上游补给水量 ;同时 ,额济纳地处干旱区 ,降雨稀少 ,该区植被的生长发育主要依靠浅层地下水 ,地下水环境的改变直接导致了区域生态的变化。  相似文献   

Water and Energy Consumption by Agriculture in the Minqin Oasis Region   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

LI Cheng  WANG Yue  QIU Guo-yu 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2013,(8):1330-1340

Water used in agriculture consumes much energy, mainly due to pumping water for irrigation, but the water-energy nexus is always neglected in arid and semi-arid areas. Based on hydrological observation data, irrigation data and socio- economic data over the past 50 yr, this study has derived a detailed estimate of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agricultural water use in the Minqin Oasis. Results show that the decreasing water supply and increasing demand for agriculture has caused severe water deficits over the past 50 yr in this region. The groundwater energy use rate rose by 76% between 1961 and 2009 because of the serious decline in groundwater levels. An increase in pump lift by an average 1 m would cause GHG emission rates to rise by around 2%. Over the past 10 yr, the GHG emissions from groundwater accounted for 65-88% of the total emissions from agricultural water. GHG emissions for diverted water varied from 0.047 to 0.074 Mt CO 2 e as the water input increased. Long distance conveyance and high pump lifts need more electricity input than groundwater abstraction does. Government policies have had a favorable effect on total emissions by reducing water abstraction. But groundwater depletion, exacerbated by a growing population and an expansion in arable land, remains the principal energy-water nexus challenge in the region. In response to the increasing water-energy crisis, energy-saving irrigation technology, matching to cost efficiencies, and better coordination between different infrastructural agencies could be feasible ways of rendering the water and energy sectors more sustainable over the long term.  相似文献   

绿洲的发生类型及时空演变   总被引：17，自引：6，他引：17  

张林源  王乃昂 《干旱区资源与环境》1995,9(3):32-43

本文阐述了对绿洲定义的理解，并就绿洲的发生类型、形成机制、时空变迁及开发建设转化条件诸方面较详细的发表了见解。  相似文献   

草业在绿洲生态农业中的地位和作用与优化体系建立的原理   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

孙祥 《干旱区资源与环境》1995,9(4):153-160

本文重点阐述了干旱区绿洲建设的必要性和原则；草业在绿洲生态农业中的地位和作用；建立以草业为纽带，农牧林草结合，综合发展的绿洲生态农业体系的原理  相似文献   

绿洲—荒漠生态脆弱带的研究   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

王玉朝  赵成义 《干旱区资源与环境》2001,15(2):25-31

绿洲—荒漠生态脆弱带是具有敏感地退化趋势的生态交错带 ,它受绿洲生态系统和荒漠生态系统的双重影响。本文在分析了绿洲—荒漠生态脆弱带的性质、特点等以后 ,按照其毗邻绿洲的不同 ,探讨性地将它分为三类 :( 1 )河岸林绿洲—荒漠脆弱带 ;( 2 )冲洪积扇绿洲—荒漠脆弱带 ;( 3 )湖沼和湖滨三角洲绿洲—荒漠脆弱带。由于其本身所具有的脆弱性 ,加上人类活动的强烈干扰 ,该区出现了以土地荒漠化为主的多种生态环境问题 ,针对这些问题 ,作者提出了若干治理建议  相似文献   

民勤绿洲荒漠过渡区辐射特征与热量平衡规律研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

王兵  崔向慧  包永红 《林业科学》2004,40(3):26-32

根据巴丹吉林沙漠与腾格里沙漠交汇处的民勤绿洲荒漠过渡区的长期连续实测资料 ,分析了该地区的辐射特征 ,研究了热量平衡各分量的变化特征及热量平衡规律。在绿洲荒漠过渡区 ,其太阳辐射、净辐射和反射辐射具有明显的日进程和季节变化规律 ;太阳辐射月总量最大值 (12 0 2 3 3kW·m- 2 )出现在 8月份 ,最小值(5 2 0 6 5kW·m- 2 )出现在 11月份 ;流动沙丘表面的反射率高于有植被覆盖的红柳和白刺灌丛沙丘表面的反射率 ,在植被生长季节更为明显 ,反射率日最大值分别为流动沙丘 (37 5 % ) >白刺沙丘 (2 9 7% ) >红柳沙丘 (2 7 9% ) ;流动沙丘表面接受的净辐射是植被覆盖区的 5 0 %～ 70 %左右。在绿洲荒漠过渡区生态系统的热量平衡中 ,占比例最大的是潜热通量 ,其次为感热通量和土壤热通量。随着荒漠化程度的加深 ,生态系统反射率增加 ,净辐射减少 ,而且热量平衡中感热通量和土壤热通量所占比例增加 ,而潜热通量比例减小。  相似文献   

武威绿洲灌区冬小麦田土壤水热特征对耕作措施的响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

冯福学  柴强 《西北农业学报》2014,23(8):52-59

通过田间定位试验,研究了内陆河武威绿洲灌区不同耕作措施对冬小麦田土壤水热特性和产量的影响。结果表明:免耕秸秆覆盖(NTS)和免耕立茬(NTSS)处理较免耕秸秆不覆盖(NT)、传统耕作(T)和秸秆翻压(TIS)处理具有显著的保墒作用;冬小麦返青至收获期NTS和NTSS处理对土壤具有"降温作用",且气温越高"降温作用"越大;NTS和NTSS处理有利于提高冬小麦产量、穗粒数和千粒质量,分别较T处理显著提高产量15.65%~16.84%和6.98%~12.75%、穗粒数10.93%~12.34%和3.57%~23.41%、千粒质量7.85%~10.13%和5.57%~6.40%,分别较TIS处理提高产量8.01%~11.29%和2.94%~4.25%、穗粒数1.83%~9.50%和0.95%~13.28%、千粒质量1.77%~7.69%和0.40%~3.23%,分别较NT处理提高产量4.56%~9.23%和0.92%~1.04%。免耕秸杆覆盖和免耕秸杆立茬处理具有保水、降温、增产的作用,是适宜该区冬小麦生产的有效耕作措施。  相似文献   

Effects of urban parks on the local urban thermal environment     

Chi-Ru Chang  Ming-Huang Li 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2014,13(4):672-681

Air temperatures in and outside of 60 parks in Taipei city were surveyed to study the effect of different urban parks on their surrounding thermal gradients. Results suggest that the factors governing the temperature of park surroundings are not identical to those of park interiors. Air-temperature gradients surrounding urban parks are influenced by both the horizontal transport of cool or warm air mass above parks and the evapotranspirative air-parcels from trees, creating a cool island larger than the boundaries of cool-island parks, a heat-island larger than the boundaries of strong heat-island parks, and a cool-ring outside weak heat-island parks. Such horizontal air movement is not easily detected using remotely sensed data. During daytime, the thermal environment within a park is dominated by the amount of solar input absorbed by unshaded paved area, which, when strong, can overflow to increase the temperatures of park surroundings; at night, despite park trees causing a warming effect inside parks, park surroundings are cooled by horizontal flow of evapotranspirative air-parcels from park trees. In business and other districts used mostly during daytime, it is recommended that parks and other open spaces be designed with less than 50% paved area and at least 30% trees, shrubs, and other shadings. In residential districts that are used mostly during nighttime, parks and other open spaces are recommended to be designed with more trees. Night irrigation, a measure commonly recommended for the conservation of water, is also recommended to further enhance this nighttime cooling.  相似文献   

Analysis on Variation of Soil Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen Content and Carbon Storage in the Oasis Cotton Field of Manas River Valley     

雷军  雷子莹  林海荣  赵瑞海 《农业科学与技术》2014,(3):499-502

[目的]为了对绿洲棉田土壤有机碳、全氮的分布状况进行研究。[方法]以天山北坡玛纳斯河流域绿洲棉田为研究区,以弃耕地为对照,采用地统计学方法,研究连续23年种植棉花地的土壤0～30、30～60和60～100 cm土层土壤有机碳和全氮的分布特征。[结果]玛纳斯河流域绿洲棉田土壤有机碳、全氮含量呈垂直分布,且随着土壤深度的增加而降低,并且0～30 cm土层明显高于30 cm以下土层,土壤有机碳储量呈现增加的趋势;弃耕地土壤有机碳、全氮亦呈垂直分布,且随着土壤深度的增加而含量降低,有机碳含量差异明显,并且弃耕地土壤有机碳含量呈逐月下降趋势,而棉田土壤有机碳储量变化呈先减少后增加,即棉花生长初期,0～30和30～100 cm土层有机碳储量降低,到花期最低;而随着棉花进入生殖生长后期,有机碳储量呈现增加趋势;弃耕地有机碳储量因没有植株凋落物的输入而呈现逐月降低的趋势,二者有机碳含量差异明显。[结论]绿洲棉田土壤有机碳、全氮含量明显高于弃耕地,土壤有机碳储量呈现增加的趋势,且主要发生在0~30 cm土层,在30～100 cm土层中有机碳、全氮含量变化差异不大。  相似文献   

额济纳旗绿洲生态环境的遥感动态监测分析   总被引：27，自引：2，他引：27       下载免费PDF全文

王心源  郭华东  王长林  刘浩 《水土保持通报》2001,21(1):60-62

在干旱区利用光学遥感可以对其沙化状况、治沙效果进行监测 ,得到良好的监测效果。利用 L and-sat TM遥感图像并结合 GIS分析了绿洲最近 15 a来额济纳绿洲生态环境变化情况 ,分析表明额济纳沙漠化土地已遍布全旗。( 1)绿洲北部、东部等的湖泊水体范围在锐减 ;( 2 )绿洲面积在明显减少。2 0 0 0年比1986年后 15 a来绿洲面积减少了 6 1.48% ,平均每年面积递减 4.39% ;( 3)绿洲质量及盖度在下降。绿洲生态环境质量下降的主要原因是人类对水资源与土地的不合理利用 ,因此 ,通过引进现代高新技术如遥感的监测与系统地分析及科学地治理 ,额济纳旗绿洲生态恢复是完全可能的  相似文献