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1.
2.
地膜覆盖对棉枯萎病发生的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
地膜覆盖显著降低了棉花枯萎病的发病率与病情指数,极显著地提高了棉花的产量。 相似文献
3.
Fusarium oxysporum对苗期大豆具有较强的致病作用。病原菌自伤口或直接侵入大豆幼苗根部的皮层组织,随着病原菌的侵入和扩展,细胞出现坏死,组织发生崩解,根部组织表现红褐色病斑。环境因素对病原菌的侵染时期和在大豆体内潜育时间的长短有着明显的影响。侵染时期主要受病原菌侵入前自身所处状态和寄主的影响,侵入后潜育时间的长短则受植株状态的影响。土壤环境条件直接影响着病原菌的侵入和寄主的抗病性,间接影响着病原菌在大豆植株体内的扩展和病症的表现。 相似文献
4.
上海松江雷竹引种拓植初报 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从母竹质量、生态条件及种植技术3个方面,对雷竹引种成活率进行较系统的研究,结果表明,在平原水网地区的生态条件下,应按竹子的年龄、胸径、高度、枝下高、留枝盘数5个品质指标选用母竹;将种植地化整为零,建成1500m~2的生产小区,使沟渠道路配套搞好排灌措施,降低地下水位,弥补雨量偏少之不足,采用相应的种植技术,使母竹与生态环境统一,从而保证平原水网地区雷竹引种获得成功。 相似文献
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C. H. A. Snijders 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1990,96(4):187-198
Summary An infection of bread wheat by fusarium head blight contaminates the crop with mycotoxins, particularly deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV). The toxicity and natural occurrence of these mycotoxins in wheat are reviewed. Based on 8 years data of fusarium head blight epidemics of wheat in the Netherlands, DON contamination of the grain was estimated. Fusarium head blight ratings averaged an infection of 1.7% of all spikelets; estimates for DON contamination averaged 0.9 mg kg–1. Taking a guideline level for DON in uncleaned bread wheat of 2 mg kg–1, in 1979 and 1982 a wheat crop was produced with estimated DON concentrations above the limit of tolerance. Human and animal exposure to mycotoxins in the Netherlands appears to be small but chronic. The information presented in this paper illustrates the need for an annual evaluation of the crop for fusarium head blight incidence and mycotoxin content, and the necessity of fusarium head blight resistant wheat cultivars.Samenvatting Aaraantasting van tarwe doorFusarium culmorum enFusarium graminearum leidt tot vorming van mycotoxinen in het graan, waarvan deoxynivalenol (DON) en nivalenol (NIV) de belangrijkste toxinen zijn. In dit artikel wordt een overzicht gegeven van de toxicologische aspecten, en het voorkomen van deze toxinen in tarwe. Informatie over DON en NIV in tarwe in West-Europa is schaars. Gebaseerd op gegevens vanFusarium epidemieën in de jaren 1979–1986 wordt een schatting gegeven van de concentratie DON in Nederlandse tarwe. Rekening houdend met de herkomst en verwerking van tarwe, blijken zowel in dierlijk als menselijk voedsel lage concentraties DON chronisch voor te komen. Op basis van een maximaal toelaatbare dagelijkse dosis DON van 3 g kg–1 lichaamsgewicht is de schatting van de dagelijkse opname van DON in het jaar volgend op de oogst van 1982 net op de grens. Zowel een jaarlijkse inventarisatie vanFusarium aantasting en DON besmetting van het graan, als de ontwikkeling vanFusarium-resistente rassen zijn noodzakelijk. 相似文献
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9.
Hideki OGISO Masashi FUJINAGA Hideki SAITO Toshiaki TAKEHARA Shigeru YAMANAKA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2002,68(4):292-299
One hundred and sixteen isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae obtained from 85 fields in three crisphead lettuce-producing areas in Nagano Prefecture, Japan were typed for races using
differential cultivars Patriot, Banchu Red Fire and Costa Rica No. 4. They were also grouped into vegetative compatibility
groups (VCGs) using complementation tests with nitrate non-utilizing (nit) mutants. Two California strains reported as F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucum, a type culture of F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae, and 28 avirulent isolates of F. oxysporum obtained from crisphead lettuce were included for comparison. Among Nagano isolates, 66 isolates were identified as race 1,
and 50 as race 2. Race 1 strains derived from Shiojiri and Komoro cities and race 2 from Kawakami village and Komoro city.
All isolates of race 2 were biotin auxotrophs, and the race could be distinguished based on its requirement for biotin on
minimal nitrate agar medium (MM). Pathogenic isolates were classified into two VCGs and three heterokaryon self-incompatible
isolates. Strong correlations were found between race and VCG. All the race 1 strains were assigned to VCG 1 except self-incompatible
isolates, and all the race 2 strains to VCG 2. The 28 avirulent isolates of F. oxysporum were incompatible with VCG 1 and VCG 2. California strains was vegetatively compatible with VCG 1, and they were assigned
to race 1. Based on vegetative compatibility, these two races of F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae may be genetically distinct, and F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae race 1 is identical to F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucum.
Received 7 May 2002/ Accepted in revised form 6 September 2002 相似文献
10.
Motoo KOITABASHI Masataka IWANO Seiya TSUSHIMA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2002,68(2):183-188
Microorganisms isolated from wheat leaf surfaces were screened for inhibition of wheat powdery mildew. A new screening method,
in which wheat leaves were inoculated with Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici and incubated with the cultured microorganisms under non-contact conditions, was developed in the present study. Using this
method, 10 phylloplane fungi that inhibited wheat powdery mildew were selected from 408 microorganisms isolated from wheat
leaf surfaces. Among these 10 strains, a fungus designated as Kyu-W63 had an especially strong inhibitory effect. Kyu-W63
produced white colonies without spores when cultivated on PDA. Kyu-W63 had a strong aromatic odor when being cultured. Wheat
powdery mildew was suppressed even though a membrane filter with a pore size of 0.45 μm was placed between the mycelial colony
and wheat leaf segment. However, when activated charcoal was introduced, Kyu-W63 did not inhibit growth of B. graminis. It was presumed that volatile substances were involved in the inhibitory effect of Kyu-W63. GC-MS analysis was used to identify
two substances produced by Kyu-W63 with molecular weights of 164 and 166. Kyu-W63 also inhibited the in vitro growth of four plant pathogenic fungi other than B. graminis.
Received 19 September 2001/ Accepted in revised form 7 February 2002 相似文献