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对樟科Lauraceae 3个属的代表性树种的种子休眠与萌发特性进行研究．结果表明:新采集的樟树Cinnamoumcamphora (linn．)Presl、檫树Sassafras Tzumu(Hemsl．)Hemsl和闽楠Phoebe bournei(Hemse．)Yang的种子胚形态发育正常,除檫树种子外,樟树和闽楠种子的离体胚能正常萌发,在黑暗条件下,3个树种的完整种子于15-35℃温度范围内,无论恒温和变温均不能萌发,闽楠种子仅在光照下30、35℃恒温和30℃日／20℃夜变温中较窄的温度范围内能萌发,但发芽迟缓、过程长、萌发率低;3个树种的种子均具生理休眠特性,种皮透气性差和存在发芽抑制物质是樟树种子休眠的原因,低温(5℃)层积80 d,不能完全解除休眠,在30℃日／20℃夜最适变温条件下．并给予适当光照,萌发率仅为41．00％;采用0．5％KNO3+0．10％GA3溶液浸种2 h后低温层积80 d,在光照条件下,萌发率可提高到74．00％;胚存在发芽抑制物质和种皮透气性差是引起檫树种子休眠的最初原因,经低温层积后,种皮防碍抑制物质向外渗透是种子不能完全解除休眠的关键因素,低温层积240 d,在25℃日／15℃夜最适温度下,光暗中的萌发率仅为59．00％-54．00％．而采用4％H2O2+0．10％GA3溶液浸种后低温层积．萌发率可高达87．00％;种皮透气性差,发芽要求特殊的温度和一定的光照是闽楠种子休眠的原因,低温层积60 d,在光照条件下,20、25℃恒温和30℃日／15℃夜变温适宜温度中,萌发率能达77．33％-85．33％． 相似文献
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不同用量硝酸钾追肥对烤烟产量质量的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
通过田间试验,研究了不同用量KNO3追肥对烤烟产量质量的影响。结果表明,在一定范围内随着KNO3追肥用量的增加,烟叶的产量、上等烟比例、中上等烟比例、均价、产值都相应地提高,而且总糖、还原糖以及钾含量也相应提高,而烟碱、总氮则相应减少。但在KNO3追肥用量为300kg／hm^2时,产量质量指标有所下降。本试验条件下,追施KNO2 225kg／hm^2对提高烤烟的产量质量性状最为有利。 相似文献
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本研究分别采用0.001g·L^-1、0.1g·L^-1、0.2g·L^-1的赤霉素,1%、3%、5%的硝酸钾和1%、3%、10%的葡萄糖对浓硫酸处理过的种子和去皮的种子进行浸泡处理,通过标准发芽试验,探索促进印度落芒草种子萌发的适宜方法。结果表明:1)种子去皮后方可萌发;2)去皮后的印度落芒草种子,用赤霉素(0.2g·L^-1)和葡萄糖(10%)浸泡处理后,可明显提高发芽率。 相似文献
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Csar Tiago Forte Ubirajara Russi Nunes Alberto Cargnelutti Filho Leandro Galon Leonardo Chechi Rodrigo Roso Andr Dalponte Menegat Emanuel De Oliveira Rossetto Milena Barretta Franceschetti 《Weed Biology and Management》2019,19(4):113-120
Solanum americanum Mill. is a weed that occurs with a number of crops, and it is known for its high seed production and its staggered germination. The objective of this work was to evaluate the germination behavior of S. americanum seeds under the influence of chemical and environmental factors. In the laboratory, we tested the effect on germination of (i) constant and alternating temperatures, (ii) seed washing, (iii) exposure time and concentration of chemical treatments and (iv) seeding depth and soil covered with plant residue on seedling emergence. The variables analyzed were germination percentage, germination rate index, seedling emergence and length of the seedlings. The results indicated that alternating temperatures are the main way to promote germination of S. americanum; however, chemical treatments can help to increase the germination percentage and rate index. There was no increase in germination with seed washing, with the exception of KNO3 application. A GA3 concentration of 0.84 g L?1 and an exposure time of 21.22 h in 0.2% of KNO3 promoted the highest germination of S. americanum. Germination occurs when seeds remain on the soil surface and are not covered by crop residue. 相似文献
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KNO_3、Ca(NO_3)_2及NH_4NO_3对马铃薯脱毒试管苗生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在1/2MS培养基的基础上,分别添加不同浓度KNO3、Ca(NO3)2及NH4NO3,比较它们对早大白马铃薯脱毒试管苗生长的影响。结果表明:KNO3浓度为10 mmol/L,Ca(NO3)2和NH4NO3浓度均为20 mmol/L时,对早大白马铃薯脱毒试管苗生长有显著促进作用,脱毒试管苗生长旺盛,枝叶繁壮,有利于快繁。 相似文献
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PVA+KNO3对杂交籼稻F1人工老化种子的引发效果 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
用PEG、PVA、KNO3、PEG KNO3、PVA KNO3对杂交籼稻汕优63 F1和特优559 F1人工老化种子进行引发效果研究,筛选最佳处理方法。结果表明:1.0%PVA 1.0%KNO3处理杂交籼稻种子1 d,引发效果最佳,发芽率显著提高。引发后,汕优63发芽率由74.7%提高到85.0%,特优559发芽率由73.7%提高到88.0%。活力指数、发芽势、苗高、苗重也均较未经处理的人工老化种子显著提高。 相似文献
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为研究MS培养基不同浓度的KNO_3对猕猴桃离体繁育的影响,以‘红阳’猕猴桃组培幼苗为试验材料,就培养基中添加不同浓度的KNO_3改良MS培养基对猕猴桃增殖的新梢形态,抗氧化酶活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性及内源激素含量变化的影响进行了试验研究。结果表明:当KNO_3质量浓度从1 140 mg/L增加至2 660 mg/L时,猕猴桃幼苗中的抗氧化酶(SOD、POD和CAT)活性、PAL活性、内源激素(IAA、GA_3和CTK)含量、IAA/ABA、GA_3/ABA和CTK/ABA均呈先增大后减小的变化趋势;ABA含量则随KNO_3质量浓度的增大呈先减小后增大的趋势。当KNO_3质量浓度为1 900 mg/L时,体内氧化酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性最高,内源激素IAA、GA_3、CTK含量较高,ABA含量较低,植株发育正常。 相似文献
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Yanhai Zheng Xianbin Xu Matthew Simmons Chao Zhang Fengju Gao Zengjia Li 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2010,173(3):444-452
An experiment was conducted to test whether foliar application of KNO3 on wheat in the heading stage could reduce salinity‐induced injuries, produce high grain yield, and improve grain quality. Salt‐resistant DK961 and salt‐sensitive JN17 wheat cultivars under 0 or 100 mM–NaCl conditions were foliarly watered with distilled water or a 10 mM–KNO3 solution. The four treatments included: T1 (CK1), 0 mM NaCl + distilled water; T2, 0 mM NaCl + 10 mM KNO3; T3 (CK2), 100 mM NaCl + distilled water; T4, 100 mM NaCl + 10 mM KNO3. The results indicate that there were no differences (p > 0.05) in plant growth, grain yield, and grain quality between T2 and T1 in both cultivars, but these response variables were significantly lower in T3 than in T1. K+ : Na+ ratio, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic capacity, grain yield, flour yield, water absorbance, ash content, dough‐development time and dough‐stability time were significantly higher in T4 than in T3, while protein concentration, wet‐gluten concentration, and antioxidant enzyme activities were lower. Although foliar application of KNO3 on JN17 enhanced plant growth, grain yield, and grain quality, these parameters were still lower in T4 than in T1. Our findings suggest that cultivating the salt‐resistant wheat cultivar combined with foliar application of KNO3 at heading stage may alleviate salinity injuries and produce higher grain yield and better grain quality under saline conditions. 相似文献