日本肯定列表制度对我国出口食用菌的影响和对策   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

吴华强 《中国食用菌》2006,25(5):6-8

分析了日本肯定列表制度、我国出口食用菌的现状和问题以及肯定列表制度对我国出口食用菌的影响．提出了加强农残监控、强化原料基地管理、严格卫生注册登记管理、加强农资销售市场管理、加强食用菌农药使用的研究与指导、完善标准体系6个方面的应对措施。  相似文献   

Methods of assessing extinction risk in marine fishes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Nicholas K Dulvy  Jim R Ellis  Nicholas B Goodwin  Alastair Grant  John D Reynolds  & Simon Jennings 《Fish and Fisheries》2004,5(3):255-276

The decline and disappearance of species from large parts of their former geographical range has become an important issue in fisheries ecology. There is a need to identify which species are at risk of extinction. The available approaches have been subject to considerable debate – particularly when applied to commercially exploited species. Here we have compiled methods that have been used or may be used for assessing threat status of marine organisms. We organize the methods according to the availability of data on the natural history, ecology and population biology of species. There are three general approaches to inferring or assessing extinction risk: (i) correlative approaches based on knowledge of life histories and ecology; (ii) time‐series approaches that examine changes in abundance; and (iii) demographic approaches based on age‐ or stage‐based schedules of vital rates and fisheries reference points. Many methods are well suited to species that are highly catchable and/or have relatively low productivity, but theory is less well developed for assessing extinction risk in species exhibiting narrow geographical distributions or ecological specialization. There is considerable variation in both definitions of extinction risk and the precision and defensibility of the available risk assessment methods, so we suggest a two‐tiered approach for defining and assessing extinction risk. First, simple methods requiring a few easily estimated parameters are used to triage or rapidly assess large numbers of populations and species to identify potentially vulnerable populations or species. Second, the populations and species identified as vulnerable by this process can then be subject to more detailed and rigorous population analysis explicitly considering sources of error and uncertainty.  相似文献   

毛刺科（Trichodoridae）线虫分类概况　Ⅱ. 属种鉴定和种的名录     

胡先奇  董文汉 《云南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2001,16(2):149-153

 概述了毛刺科及毛刺属（Trichodorus Cobb, 1913）,拟毛刺属（Paratrichodorus Siddiqi, 1974）,单毛刺属（Monotrichodorus Andrassy, 1976）和异毛刺属（Allotrichodorus Rodriguez-M, Sher &; Siddiqi, 1978）鉴别特征,列出迄今已描述的94种1亚种和1裸名种的名录。  相似文献   

“肯定列表制度”对中国食品和农产品出口的影响及对策     

国伟  唐英章  彭涛  代汉慧  李晓娟  孙利 《勤云标准版测试》2007,(2)

日本针对农业化学品残留量发布的“肯定列表制度”已于2006年5月29日正式实施。由于其严格的限量标准导致中国出口日本的多批食品和农产品由于残留超标而出口受阻。从“肯定列表制度”实施背景、具体内容和对中国出口的影响进行了简要分析,并就具体的应对措施作了进一步探讨。  相似文献   

Estimating population size in the subdesert mesite (Monias benschi): new methods and implications for conservation     

Joe A TobiasNathalie Seddon 《Biological conservation》2002,108(2):199-212

The subdesert mesite, a terrestrial non-passerine bird endemic to the Mikea Forest of southwest Madagascar, is currently classified as globally threatened (category: Vulnerable). However, accurate assessment of threat in accordance with the IUCN Red List criteria (A, B and C) requires data on effective population size, area of habitat occupied and rate of decline, none of which is available for this species. Here we present the first empirical estimates of its population size using five complementary methods, three incorporating data on territory size and two using data gathered during call-playback surveys conducted throughout its entire global range. Estimates vary from 98,000 to 152,000 individuals, with the most reliable possibly being that generated by distance sampling (115,000). This figure is more than an order of magnitude greater than the only published estimate of <10,000 individuals. By analysing data on forest cover change, we estimate the population of the subdesert mesite to have declined by, at most, 10% in three generations. Although the rate of deforestation in 1994-1999 is double that calculated for 1962-1994, it is deemed unlikely that the population will decline by 20% over the next three generations. As such the species fails to meet criterion A. Although the subdesert mesite's range and area of occupancy are small, they are not fragmented and do not comprise fewer than 10 locations. Consequently, this species does not meet criterion B. Further, the species fails to meet criterion C, for which a maximum of 10,000 mature adults is required. According to IUCN (2000 Red List of Threatened Species) this species should therefore be downlisted in status. We discuss why it still warrants conservation attention and suggest the need for modifications to the criteria thresholds in relation to basic information about the ecology and taxonomic distinctness of species.  相似文献   

西安市花灌木植物病害种类调查补充名录     

王瑞鑫  孔繁锋  武瑞婷 《江苏林业科技》2013,(5):24-27,50

通过对西安市城区花灌木病害发生情况进行全面普查研究,调查受害植物74种。对比以往相关资料记载,新发现花灌木病害种类243种。本次补充名录共新记载病害115种,其中细菌病害1种,生理病害1种,植原体病害1种,线虫病害1种,真菌性病害111种,真菌病原菌分属于32属。通过本次调查基本明晰了当前西安市绝大多数园林花灌木病害类型及危害程度,对园林植物病害的防治及深入研究具有较强的指导和借鉴作用。  相似文献   

Changes in the distributions of freshwater mussels (Unionoida: Hyriidae) in coastal south‐eastern Australia and implications for their conservation status          下载免费PDF全文

Hugh A. Jones  Maria Byrne 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2014,24(2):203-217

Reserve selection using Red Listed taxa in three global biodiversity hotspots: Dragonflies in South Africa     

John P. Simaika 《Biological conservation》2009,142(3):638-651

The Red List can be used a gauging tool by conservationists to assess which species require focused conservation attention. Mapping the relative distributions of species, and identification of centers of richness, endemism and threat are a first step towards site-oriented conservation action. We use here a specially developed biodiversity index, based on three weighted sub-components assigned to each species: geographical distribution, Red List status, and sensitivity to habitat change. We test this approach using what is called here the Dragonfly Biotic Index (DBI) to prioritize sites for conservation action, with special emphasis on species occurrence in three global hotspots in southern Africa. Using a selected set of the 23 top prioritized sites, we compare the DBI’s performance to that of a rarity-complementarity algorithm. As with several other taxa, local endemism levels are highest in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR), while richness is highest in the north east, particularly in the stream systems of the Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany (MPA) hotspot. Red Listed Odonata species are also concentrated in the CFR, while richness is highest in the MPA hotspot. Site prioritization using the DBI reveals that CFR sites protect Red Listed taxa rather well, despite the fact that catchments are only partially protected. The DBI demonstrates high levels of redundancy in representing Red Listed species, in other words, the same species are represented in several catchments. The value in the DBI thus lies in maximizing redundancy (i.e. representation) of globally Red Listed species. The rarity-complementarity algorithm represents all species, but without greater emphasis on the rare and threatened (i.e. Red Listed) species. We conclude that the DBI is of great value in selecting biodiversity hotspots, while the algorithm is useful for selecting complementarity hotspots. We identify protection gaps and thus recommend continued searches in centers of endemism and existing reserves, as well as gap areas. These searches will hone Red List assessments and identify priority sites, as well as monitor already-identified sites for changes in quality of habitat.  相似文献   

海南省茶树害虫名录     

赵冬香  高景林  卢芙萍  王爱萍 《热带作物学报》2011,32(2):305-309

采用田间调查和室内饲养相结合的方法,对海南省儋州、白沙、琼中(岭头、新伟)、五指山等茶场的茶树害虫种类进行系统调查。根据调查结果,共鉴定海南省茶树害虫(螨)100种,分属于蜚蠊目、等翅目、鳞翅目、同翅目、鞘翅目、半翅目、双翅目、直翅目、缨翅目、蜱螨目共10目40科,并记述了每种害虫的分布及为害情况。  相似文献   

《肯定列表制度》及其标准的制定(上)     

赵国志 《农业工程技术:农产品加工》2006,(2):20-25

对在2006年5月29日起实施的日本《肯定列表制度》的内容,制定过程和原则方法做了简明解说.对了解食品标准内容与制定程序和方法有一定的参考作用.  相似文献