Virus transmission by aphids in potato crops     

J. A. T. Woodford 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(Z2):47-54

This paper reviews the contribution of vector activity and plant age to virus spread in potato crops. Determining which aphid species are vectors is particularly important for timing haulm destruction to minimize tuber infection by potato virus Y (PVY). Alate aphids of more than 30 species transmit PVY, and aphids such asRhopalosiphum padi, that migrate in large numbers before flights of the more efficient vector,Myzus persicae, appear to be important vectors. Differences in methodology, aphid biotypes and virus strains prevent direct comparisons between estimates of vector efficiencies obtained for aphids in different countries in north western Europe. M. persicae is also the most efficient vector of potato leafroll virus (PLRV), but some clones ofMacrosiphum euphorbiae transmit PLRV efficiently toNicotiana clevelandii and potato test plants. The removal of infected plants early in the season prevents the spread of PLRV in cool regions with limited vector activity. The proportion of aphids acquiring PLRV from infected potato plants decreases with plant age, and healthy potato plants are more resistant to infection later in the season. Severe symptoms of secondary leafroll developed on progeny plants of cv. Maris Piper derived from mother plants inoculated with PLRV in June or July of the previous year. Progeny plants derived from mother plants inoculated in August showed only mild symptoms, but the concentration of PLRV in these plants was as high as that in the plants with severe symptoms.  相似文献   

Biological and sequence comparisons of Potato virus Y isolates associated with potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

N. Boonham†  K. Walsh  M. Hims  S. Preston  J. North  I. Barker 《Plant pathology》2002,51(2):117-126

The biological and molecular relationships between a large number of Potato virus Y (PVY) isolates were examined, concentrating mainly on isolates associated with potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease (PTNRD). Following detailed analysis of the coat-protein gene, four main groups were identified which broadly corresponded to the phenotype of the different isolates. The groups comprised the ordinary strain (PVY^O), the necrotic strain (PVY^N), the C strain (PVY^C) and a group of recombinant (between ordinary and necrotic) isolates. In the latter group, all members were associated with PTNRD. However, four nonrecombinant isolates were also identified which were associated with PTNRD or tuber necrosis. Three were from tubers showing PTNRD symptoms in the field, while the fourth originated from symptomless tubers, but could cause necrotic rings on tubers under glasshouse conditions. The results show that although coat-protein recombination is always found associated with the PTNRD phenotype, some nonrecombinant isolates have very similar biological properties.  相似文献   

基于全基因序列的中国北方3省(区)马铃薯Y病毒遗传多样性分析     

马俊丰  李小宇  张春雨  周雪平  王永志 《植物保护》2020,46(4):40-47

本研究以马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)全基因组为基础,分析吉林、黑龙江和内蒙古3省(区)PVY群体遗传多样性和群体分化,并评估突变、重组、选择等遗传力所起的作用。根据已报道的PVY全基因序列保守区设计4对引物,采用片段重叠法对来自内蒙古和吉林的24个PVY分离物全基因序列进行测定,并联合NCBI中已登录的9个黑龙江分离物全基因组序列进行遗传多样性参数评估、群体分化检验和分子变异等分析。结果显示,我国北方3省(区)PVY群体遗传多样性高,其中内蒙古和黑龙江PVY群体遗传多样性高于吉林群体,并且3个群体之间呈现一定程度的遗传分化。分子变异分析发现在PVY基因组中存在1 786个变异位点,表明我国北方3省(区)PVY群体变异程度较高,并且这种高变异度有85.54%来自各个马铃薯种植区内PVY个体的遗传变异。重组分析和系统发育分析发现,我国北方3省(区)PVY群体中重组株系占比高达90.3%,并具有明显的株系多样性,表明PVY重组株系已成为我国北方3省(区)马铃薯种植区的流行株系。选择压力分析显示,使用FEL和IFEL法分别检测出501个和315个净化压力选择位点,这表明3省(区)PVY群体受净化选择压力为主。以上结果表明,中国北方3省(区)PVY群体遗传多样性高,突变、重组和自然选择都对遗传多样性和群体分化存在一定影响。  相似文献   

Characterization of potato virus Y isolates from tomato crops in northeast Spain     

J. Aramburu  L. Galipienso  M. Matas 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,115(2):247-258

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Comparison ofPotato Virus Y andPlum Pox Virus transmission by two aphid species in relation to their probing behavior     

Lourdes Fernández-Calvino  Dionisio López-Abella  Juan José López-Moya  Alberto Fereres 《Phytoparasitica》2006,34(3):315-324

Two different aphid species,Myzus persicae (Sulzer) andHyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy) (Homoptera: Aphididae), were used to analyze their ability to transmit two different potyviruses,Potato virus Y (PVY) andPlum pox virus (PPV), to pepper (Capsicum annuum) andNicotiana benthamiana plants, respectively. In parallel experiments,M. persicae consistently transmitted both viruses with high efficiency, whereasH. pruni always failed to transmit either virus. This is in contrast to previous reports describingH. pruni as a vector of these potyviruses. Different aphid probing behavior among individual aphids of each species was obtained in electrical penetration graph (EPG) experiments performed on pepper plants. This suggested thatH. pruni did not transmit these potyviruses due to behavioral differences during probing that impeded virus acquisition and/or inoculation. It was found thatM. persicae usually makes its first probe within the first 2 min, whereasH. pruni individuals remained for more than 10 min on the plant before starting to probe. Furthermore,M. persicae individuals displayed their first intracellular puncture during the first minute of probing whereasH. pruni needed ∼ 15 min to penetrate the cell plasmalemma with their stylets. In addition, intracellular stylet punctures occurred very frequently forM. persicae but was a rare event, never exceeding a single one, forH. pruni. The relevance of these findings for the epidemiological spread of potyviruses by different aphid species is discussed. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting May 14, 2006.  相似文献   

利用CAPS标记辅助辣椒PVY抗性基因PVr4转育的研究     

王立浩  王萱  张宝玺  毛胜利  郭家珍 《辣椒杂志》2006,(4):1-3,9

利用国外报道的与PVr4基因紧密连锁的CAPS标记,对辣椒抗PVY基因PVr4的转育进行了研究和探讨。采用与报道的相同抗源材料CdM334为回交的供体亲本,与5个自交系77013、75-7-3-1、83077、83078、83-163进行回交,在BC1代进行了分子标记的选择。从5个BC1群体75-7-3-1×(CdM334×75-7-3-1)、77013×(CdM334×77013)、83077×(CdM334×83077)、83078×(CdM334×83078)、83-163×(CdM334×83-163)中,分别检测出含有抗病连锁标记的单株21株、15株、10株、11株、12株。  相似文献   

Integration of transgenes into sexual polyploidization schemes for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)     

Alexander A.T. Johnson  Richard E. Veilleux 《Euphytica》2003,133(1):125-138

Most potato transgenic research has focused on development of resistance to pathogens and modification of potato physiology. Many transgenes, particularly those conferring pathogen resistance, could substantially lower potato production costs in developing countries. However, transgenes have not been reported in sexually propagated 4x-2x potato hybrids commonly grown in developing countries. Two transgenes,the Bacillus thuringiensis cry3Aa endotoxin protein gene and the PVY°coat protein gene, were engineered intodiploid and tetraploid potato using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Cry3Aa was produced at high levels in several lines while the PVY° coat protein was not expressed. Diplandroid and tetraploid genotypes were crossed to produce transgenic 4x-2x hybrids. Genetic transformation had no discernable effect on fertility ofthe primary transformants, germination of4x-2x seed derived from the transformants and agronomic performance(tuber set, average tuber weight and total tuber yield) of the 4x-2xhybrids. The transgenic 4x-2xhybrids produced non-viable pollen and could only be crossed as female parents. Results suggest that transgenes, such ascry3Aa, could be expressed in 4x-2x hybrids to lower costs of production with no significant effect on plant phenotype. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Identification of somatic hybrids of dihaploid Solanum tuberosum lines and S. brevidens by species specific RAPD patterns and assessment of disease resistance of the hybrids     

Veli-Matti Rokka  Yong-Sheng Xu  Jyri Kankila  Anja Kuusela  Seppo Pulli  Eija Pehu 《Euphytica》1994,80(3):207-217

Summary Symmetric somatic hybrids were produced by electrofusion of protoplasts of two dihaploid tuber-bearing potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) lines and Solanum brevidens Phil., a diploid non-tuber-bearing wild potato species. A total of 985 plants was obtained. Verification of nuclear hybridity of putative hybrids was based on additive RAPD patterns, general morphological characteristics and chromosome counts. 53 (90%) calli regenerated into plants which were identified as somatic hybrids. Most of the hybrids were aneuploids at the tetraploid (4×) or hexaploid (6×) level. The 20 hybrids tested expressed a high level of resistance to potato virus Y (PVY ^N ) characteristic of the S. brevidens parent. Resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) varied between hybrids, but was on average better than that of the fusion parents. Resistance of hybrids to bacterial stem rot (Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (van Hall) Dye) was not superior to that of commercial potato cultivars.  相似文献   

马铃薯Y病毒复制酶基因的转基因烟草对PVY的抗性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙启达  张友谊  赵文明  项瑜  彭学贤 《西北农业学报》1996,5(2):56-60

将农杆菌LBA4404/pAL4404、pBin438双元载体上的NIb基因正义序列、反义序列、5''-缺失序列及新霉素磷酸转移酶基因(NPTⅡ)转入烟草品种NC89的染色体,获得抗卡那霉素的转化再生烟草植株.经抗性筛选、PCR检测、无性扩繁和大量重复抗病鉴定,结果表明,转化烟草植株DNA中整合了外源目的基因;NIb基因正义序列、5''-缺失序列转化再生植株中,均出现抗10μg/mlPVY侵染的植株;NIb基因反义序列转化再生植株仅部分抗5μg/mlPVY侵染.ELISA分析认为抗性植株无病毒累积.初步筛选出对PVY侵染具有较高抗性的转基因烟草植株.  相似文献   

烤烟与小麦套作和地膜覆盖对烤烟马铃薯Y病毒病发病率的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘会忠  赵中汇  黎明江  刘晓昂  张西仲 《作物研究》2013,(4):351-354

为了探索烤烟马铃薯Y病毒病（PVY）的有效防控措施,于2007～2008年在贵州省瓮安县分别对小麦与烤烟套作和地膜覆盖2种不同的栽培方式下的烤烟PVY发病率和病情指数进行研究。结果表明,烤烟与小麦套作能极显著降低烤烟的PVY发病率,与双行小麦双行烟相比,双行小麦单行烟栽培方式对防治烤烟PVY效果更好;地膜覆盖栽培较常规露地栽培能显著降低烤烟的PVY发病率。小麦与烤烟套作和地膜覆盖是防治烤烟PVY的有效手段,值得大面积推广。  相似文献