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探究不同除草剂对糜子(Panicum miliaceum)田杂草的防效以及对糜子生长发育的影响,为除草剂在糜子田的安全使用提供依据。试验以糜子品种‘榆糜2号’为材料,土壤封闭型除草剂330 g·L?1二甲戊灵乳油、10%单嘧磺隆可湿性粉剂在糜子播种后出苗前喷施;茎叶型除草剂36%唑草·苯磺隆可湿性粉剂、55%苯·唑·2甲钠可湿性粉剂在糜子三叶期时喷施。各除草剂选用推荐剂量进行喷施,喷施15 d后开始调查杂草鲜重,以此作为防效标准,糜子抽穗后调查糜子植株干物质积累、叶片叶绿素含量、农艺性状和产量。结果表明,单嘧磺隆和苯·唑·2甲钠杂草防效较好,鲜重抑制率达99.7%和88.4%;与不除草对照相比,除草剂对糜子地上部干物质积累、功能叶叶绿素相对含量有不同程度影响;4种除草剂提高了糜子主穗重,糜子产量均显著提高(P<0.05),其中单嘧磺隆与苯·唑·2甲钠增产效果显著,较清水对照增加了271.66%和275.34%。综上,土壤封闭型除草剂单嘧磺隆和茎叶型除草剂苯·唑·2甲钠杂草防除效果较好,鲜重抑制率在糜子全生育期均较高,对糜子产量提升最大,为糜子田较为适宜的除草剂类型。 相似文献
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糜子的小孢子发生与花粉发育 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
观察结果表明,糜子小孢子发生与花粉发育的细胞学过程,与稻麦等禾本科作物相似:减数分裂属顺序型,一般形成等面形四分体;也观察到线形、T形及各种倾斜形的四分体;小孢子经两次有丝分裂发育成三核型花粉粒;成熟的花粉粒为球形,具一个萌发孔,直径48(45～52)μm.花粉发育过程中,生殖细胞的运动、淀粉积累时期及花粉粒体积增大动态的观察结果与一些报道不同.糜子的小孢子发生和花粉发育与花药长度存在密切关系,而花药长度随时间呈S形增长方式.本文利用上述关系求得小孢子发生与花粉发育各阶段的经历时间. 相似文献
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Field tests of a prototype microwave‐based weed killer machine were conducted on Abutilon theophrasti, Panicum miliaceum, lucerne and oilseed rape pure stands. The approach can be considered a thermal weed control method, the microwave radiation causing dielectric heating of plant tissue water that eventually kills the plant. The method could overcome the limitations of other thermal methods, such as fire risk with flaming or the heavy loads required for hot water treatments. Species were effectively controlled by microwave irradiation, but their sensitivity and the evolution of damage symptoms over time differed. Lucerne showed no sigmoidal response and was the least affected by the treatment, while a log‐logistic curve expressed the dose–response relationships of the other species quite well. The estimated microwave dose for a 90% dry weight reduction ranged from 1015 kJ m?2 in A. theophrasti to 3433 kJ m?2 in P. miliaceum. Energy cost evaluation indicated that increased efficiency is required for this technique to compete with other thermal methods. Microwave efficiency could be increased by a flux configuration that minimizes soil penetration and maximizes absorption by plants, which, in turn, depends on plant growth form. 相似文献
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1998年从澳大利亚引入坚尼草TD58(Panicum maximum‘TD58')后,相继完成适应性评价、品种比较试验、区域试验和生产试验,2007年选育而成‘热引19号'坚尼草(P.maximum'Reyin NO.19')。结果表明:该品种年均干草产量达21753.02 kg·hm~(-2),种子年均产量为800.05 kg·hm~(-2),营养价值适中,且耐低温、耐荫、耐旱、花期晚,综合性状均优于对照品种,是适合于我国南方热带亚热带地区推广种植的牧草新品种。 相似文献
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Summary Apomixis is widely distributed among tropical forage grasses, and has long been merely regarded as an impediment to breeding. Panicum maximum is presented as the first opportunity for Brazilian geneticists to develop and test original breeding schemes adapted to an apomictic species.A large and representative germplasm of P. maximum has been introduced and is currently being evaluated. Basic knowledges on biology and reproduction are also available, which demonstrate an easy manipulation of apomixis and sexuality. Several limiting traits have already been detected during evaluation, which justify breeding attempts. An ideal scheme is given to transfer new qualities to already selected varieties. 相似文献
8.
1992-1998年中国科学院安塞水土保持综合试验站在山地、川地引种10份原产美国的柳枝稷（Panicum virgatum）材料，经过7a测定，数据表明柳枝稷在3～5a生长高峰期对土壤水分需求最大，产量最高。从土壤水分含量的变化来看，柳枝稷草地在80-200cm土层已经形成土壤干层，而且在经过生长季节降雨和休闲期的雨雪水分补充不能够补偿，这主要是维持较大的生产力造成。柳枝稷在半干旱黄土丘陵区有较强的适应性，这对当地人工草地建造、天然草地改良具有重要意义。通过对柳枝稷驯化栽培的人工草地在黄土丘陵半干旱地区立地条件下生产力与土壤水分特征的比较，以揭示柳枝稷的生态适应性对其地上生物量形成规律的影响，为该地区合理利用牧草资源、提高草地的生产能力提供依据与参考。 相似文献
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Changes in land-uses, fire regimes, and climate are expected to promote savanna expansion in the Amazon Basin, but most studies that come to this conclusion fail to define “savanna” clearly or imply that natural savannas of native species will spread at the expense of forest. Given their different conservation values, we sought to differentiate between species-diverse natural savannas and other types of fire-maintained grass-dominated vegetation that replaced tropical forests between 1986 and 2005 in 22,500 km2 of eastern lowland Bolivia. Analysis of Landsat TM and CBERS-2 satellite imagery revealed that, in addition to 1200 km2 (7.1%) of deforestation for agriculture and planted pastures, 1420 km2 (8.4%) of forest was replaced by derived savannas. Sampling in 2008 showed that natural savannas differed from forest-replacing derived savannas floristically, in soil fertility, and in fuel loads. Natural savannas typically occurred on sandy, acidic, nutrient-poor soils whereas most derived savannas were on comparatively fertile soils. Fuel loads in derived savannas were twice those of natural savannas. Natural savannas supported a diversity of grass species, whereas derived savannas were usually dominated by Guadua paniculata (native bamboo), Urochloa spp. (exotic forages), Imperata brasiliensis (native invasive), Digitaria insularis (native ruderal), or the native fire-adapted herb Hyptis suaveolens (Lamiaceae). Trees in derived savannas were forest species (e.g., Anadenanthera colubrina) and fire-tolerant palms (Attalea spp.), not thick-barked species characteristic of savanna environments (e.g., Curatella americana). In addressing tropical vegetation transitions it is clearly important to distinguish between native species-diverse ecosystems and novel derived vegetation of similar structure. 相似文献
10.
陕北不同土地利用类型下土壤无机磷形态分布及有效性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用蒋柏藩-顾益初无机磷分级方法,对黄土高原两种农田土壤剖面(0～100 cm)中无机磷形态分布特征进行了研究.结果表明:两种农田土壤剖面(0～100 cm)中无机磷形态占全磷的90.95%;无机磷又以Ca-P为主,所占比例在87.86%～92.55%之间;糜子地土壤剖面中无机磷总量、Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Al-P和... 相似文献