河南县草原鼠虫害现状调查   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王子成  祁向前  马志贵 《青海草业》2004,13(4):52-54

河南县鼠、虫危害面积为28.10×104hm2,害鼠主要有高原鼠兔、高原鼢鼠,害虫主要有青海草原毛虫、地下蛴螬。鼠虫害每年危害的牧草经济损失达2178×104元,今后应强化鼠虫害预测预报工作,及时有效的开展防治。  相似文献   

河南草坪主要病虫草害群落研究     

王运兵  徐小娃  马新岭  王进梅  余昊 《中国草地学报》2006,28(4):49-52

对河南省草坪病虫草害进行了系统的研究,摸清了全省草坪常见的病虫草害种类,计有病害8种,害虫107种,害虫天敌21种,杂草59种.同时,对各种草坪昆虫和杂草按生态功能或自然系统或草坪种类进行了分门别类,并根据病虫草的发生数量和对草坪的为害程度,从群落的角度确定了白三叶草坪、高羊茅草坪、酢浆草草坪等四种草坪上害虫和杂草的优势种,为草坪病虫草害在群落水平上进行综合治理提供了重要的基础和依据.  相似文献   

阿魏菇工厂化栽培及常遇问题解决办法     

徐辉  曾宪贤  鹿桂花  冯光文  周海燕  吕杰  武宝山 《中国食用菌》2007,26(1):37-39

利用阿魏菇（Pleurotus ferulae Lanzi）A0501菌株进行工厂化袋栽生产工艺试验。主要介绍了阿魏菇的生产工艺流程：母种的制备、原种的制备、茵袋的制备、接种发茵、后熟管理、搔茵与催蕾、修菇及育菇和出菇期管理，以及生产过程中出现茵袋污染和出菇期间发生病虫害的问题和解决办法。在控制污染的过程中，采用高压蒸汽灭菌，无菌过滤单元接种，对发茵棚进行严格的科学管理方法。针对病虫害的防治，采用不同的方法防治不同的病虫害，从而提高阿魏菇生产的经济效益。  相似文献   

浅谈森林病虫害防治   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王志勇 《林业勘查设计》2007,(4):72-74

介绍了森林病虫害的危害后果对社会经济和生态环境带来的严重影响。为进一步加强森林病虫害的防治,结合实际工作,利用森防科技改进防治手段,做到"以预防为主,综合治理"。  相似文献   

Insect herbivores and pathogens of Alnus species in Uganda     

P. Nyeko  G. Edwards-Jones  R. K. Day 《Agroforestry Systems》2002,56(2):117-127

Published documentation of insect pests and pathogens associated with Alnus species in Africa is very scarce. We surveyed damaging insects and pathogens, and arthropod natural enemies on Alnus acuminata and A. nepalensis in Kabale and Mbale districts, Uganda between March 1999 and August 2000 in order to identify the range and relative abundance of arthropods and pathogens associated with the Alnus species. Frequently encountered damaging insects on the Alnus species included Apis mellifera, Apion globulipenne, a Systates sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Phymateus viridipes, a Lobotrachelus sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Coloborrtics corticina and some Chrysomelidae. Some species such as Aphis fabae, Parastictococcus multispinosus and a Cacopsylla sp. (Homoptera: Psyllidae) were observed feeding on other agroforestry tree species and/or crops although they generally occurred at low population intensities. Spiders and parasitic Hymenoptera were the most common natural enemies. Diseases were more severe in nurseries than in the field. Damping-off caused by Fusarium oxysporum, Septoria brown leaf spot and stem canker were the most serious diseases of Alnus. The array of damaging insects and pathogens indicates a potential danger to the cultivation of Alnus species in Uganda as adoption of the species for agroforestry continues to expand in the country. In view of the increasing demand for Alnus species for agroforestry in Uganda, regular pest monitoring and appropriate control strategies are necessary.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

不同间作模式茶园主要病虫害及天敌的调查研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙云南  冉隆珣  蔡丽  梁名志  许燕  刘德和  夏丽飞 《山东农业科学》2014,(11):110-113

对香樟-茶、野花椒-茶、沉香-茶3种间作模式下茶树主要病虫害及天敌在春茶、秋茶2个生育期的发生数量进行调查。结果表明:茶园中间作香樟、野花椒、沉香对茶园主要病虫害及天敌的影响不一致。香樟间作茶园茶轮斑病和茶赤星病的发病率较对照茶园低,但有增加茶小绿叶蝉的趋势;野花椒间作茶园茶饼病的发病率、茶小绿叶蝉虫害均较对照茶园低;沉香间作茶园茶小绿叶蝉、茶黄蓟马、茶蚜的数量较对照茶园减少,茶轮斑病和茶煤病发病率也较对照茶园降低。  相似文献   

Effects of shade,altitude and management on multiple ecosystem services in coffee agroecosystems     

《European Journal of Agronomy》2017

Agroforestry systems provide diverse ecosystem services that contribute to farmer livelihoods and the conservation of natural resources. Despite these known benefits, there is still limited understanding on how shade trees affect the provision of multiple ecosystem services at the same time and the potential trade-offs or synergies among them. To fill this knowledge gap, we quantified four major ecosystem services (regulation of pests and diseases; provisioning of agroforestry products; maintenance of soil fertility; and carbon sequestration) in 69 coffee agroecosystems belonging to smallholder farmers under a range of altitudes (as representative of environmental conditions) and management conditions, in the region of Turrialba, Costa Rica. We first analyzed the individual effects of altitude, types of shade and management intensity and their interactions on the provision of ecosystem services. In order to identify potential trade-offs and synergies, we then analyzed bivariate relationships between different ecosystem services, and between individual ecosystem services and plant biodiversity. We also explored which types of shade provided better levels of ecosystem services. The effectiveness of different types of shade in providing ecosystem services depended on their interactions with altitude and coffee management, with different ecosystem services responding differently to these factors. No trade-offs were found among the different ecosystem services studied or between ecosystem services and biodiversity, suggesting that it is possible to increase the provision of multiple ecosystem services at the same time. Overall, both low and highly diversified coffee agroforestry systems had better ability to provide ecosystem services than coffee monocultures in full sun. Based on our findings, we suggest that coffee agroforestry systems should be designed with diversified, productive shade canopies and managed with a medium intensity of cropping practices, with the aim of ensuring the continued provision of multiple ecosystem services.  相似文献   

山西省蔬菜害虫的发生与防治现状     

张仙红  于桂凤  成志芳  刘彦斌  张长录 《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2001,21(1):95-96

本文对山西省蔬菜害虫发生的种类、分布以及防治状况等进行了调查分析 ,指出了我省目前蔬菜害虫防治中存在的问题 ,并提出了今后蔬菜害虫防治中应采取的有效措施  相似文献   

多物种共存系统中蜘蛛对菜田害虫的控制作用     

李锐  田瑞钧  李生才  关彩虹 《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,27(4):363-367

运用二次通用旋转组合设计统计方法,研究菜田生态系统中天敌优势种蜘蛛星豹蛛(X1)、草间黑蛛(X2)及主要害虫菜蚜(X3)、小菜蛾(X4)组成的多物种共存系统,探讨蜘蛛对菜田主要害虫的控制作用,分析天敌之间、害虫之间及天敌和害虫之间的相互作用关系,获得4个天敌对害虫的捕食量模型。对模型进行主效分析表明,害虫密度的大小对天敌的总捕食量影响较大,其中又以菜蚜密度对天敌的总捕食量的影响较大。天敌中对捕食量作用最大的是星豹蛛,其次是小狼逍遥蛛。分析天敌间的交互作用表明,2种天敌蜘蛛的种间和星豹蛛的种内干扰较大,主要原因是生态位重叠较大,种间、种内残杀较严重。而小狼逍遥蛛种内的干扰却不是很明显。最后讨论了天敌蜘蛛能有效控制害虫的最大密度,以及在该害虫密度下各种天敌密度的最佳组合。  相似文献   

陇东冬小麦病虫无公害防治策略初探     

李贵喜  栾敖武  杨金云 《甘肃农业科技》2007,(5):27-30

针对陇东冬小麦主要病虫发生规律和危害特点,从确定重点防治对象,做好测报工作;利用薄弱环节防治病虫;立足全局预防远距离传播;利用农业防治措施;利用天敌资源及合理采用化学防治措施等方面提出了陇东冬小麦病虫无公害防治策略.  相似文献