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The relationship between the moisture content (MC) of wood blocks and the feeding activities of two Japanese subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and Reticulitermes speratus (Kolbe), was investigated with two choice tests. When three wood blocks with low MC (6%–12%), middle MC (79%–103%), and high MC (140%–182%) were exposed to workers of C. formosanus and R. speratus in a choice test, the feeding preferences were found in the middle MC blocks for C. formosanus, and the middle and high MC blocks for R. speratus, although wood blocks of low MC were also attacked. In a second choice test, wood blocks consisting of five pieces with water-impregnated (MC: 133%–191%) top, middle, or bottom piece were exposed to workers of both species. Higher consumptions were generally obtained in water-impregnated wood pieces and bottom pieces. 相似文献
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Mitsuyoshi Yatagai Madoka Nishimoto Keko Hori Tatsuro Ohira Akira Shibata 《Journal of Wood Science》2002,48(4):338-342
The termiticidal activity of wood vinegar, its components, and their homologues have been studied. Three kinds of wood vinegar made from the mixed chips ofCryptomeria japonlca andPseudotsga menziesii (wood vinegar A),Quercus serrata (wood vinegar B), andPinus densiflora (wood vinegar C) exhibited high termiticidal activities againstReticulitermes speratus. Acetic acid, which is the largest content of wood vinegar, exhibited high termiticidal acitivity. The contents of organic fraction of wood vinegars and acetic acid might be responsible for the differences in termiticidal activities among these wood vinegars. The structure and termiticidal activity relations of phenols were studied. Phenol with some substituents revealed higher termiticidal activity than benzene derivatives, which have no hydroxyl group; an ortho substituent of phenol plays an important role in termiticidal activity. It has become apparent that high termiticidal activity cannot be obtained by a phenolic hydroxyl group alone; it can be obtained, however, by some substituents, especially an ortho substituent in addition to a phenolic hydroxyl group. The bulkiness of the substituent at the ortho position participates in termiticidal activity; activity decreases as the size of an ortho substituent increases. It is thought that the interaction at the receptor site of termites is affected by the increased size of the ortho substituent. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Non-repellent insecticides, including fipronil and indoxacarb, are becoming increasingly important for soil treatments to manage the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar). The effects of these insecticides on termite walking and tunneling behavior could significantly reduce their efficacy against colonies. RESULTS: Groups of R. flavipes were exposed to several concentrations of commercial formulations of fipronil and indoxacarb, and the ability of treated termites to tunnel in soil and walk was assessed. Increasing insecticide concentration resulted in a reduction in the ability of R. flavipes to walk, tunnel and form tunnel branches; the importance of these effects on the use of non-repellent insecticides is discussed. CONCLUSION: Exposure of R. flavipes to 1, 10 or 50 mg L−1 of fipronil or 50, 100 or 200 mg L−1 of indoxacarb significantly reduced termite walking and tunneling and the number of tunnel branches. Distance walked (ca 73 mm) by untreated control termites did not change over time for at least 16 h after treatment; control termites formed ca 150 cm of tunnels with ca 40 branches. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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本研究利用兵蚁的形态特征量度比较了北美散白蚁(Reticulitermes flavipes)与常见黑胸散白蚁(R.chinensis)、黄胸散白蚁(R.flaviceps)、栖北散白蚁(R.speratus)、圆唇散白蚁(R.labralis)、尖唇散白蚁(R.aculabialis)的整体观、头部侧面观、头部正面观和上颚4个外部形态。结果表明,兵蚁头部、上颚、前胸背板的颜色及形状、触角节数、腹部颜色等体部特征都十分相似。将6种散白蚁兵蚁的全虫体长、头长至颚基、头长连上颚、头宽、前胸背板长、前胸背板宽、后足胫节长的量度进行比较,仅在全虫体长这一项量度上存在差异,其余部位的量度之间存在相互重叠的现象。由此表明北美散白蚁从兵蚁的形态特征与量度上很难与常见5种散白蚁进行准确区分,需通过兵蚁和有翅成虫的形态特征共同进行鉴定或通过分子生物学的方法进行鉴定。 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Juvenoids and juvenogens have been for many years considered promising candidates for control of pest insect species including termites. Their use as termite pest management agents requires the generation of knowledge concerning their degradation and distribution in time and space. Groups of 40 Reticulitermes santonensis de Feytaud workers were provided with wood impregnated with a juvenogen, ethyl cis-N-{2-[4-(2-butyryloxycyclohexylmethyl)phenoxy]ethyl}carbamate, labelled with tritium in the benzene ring (305 GBq mmol(-1)). After 14 days the radioactivity was determined in all elements of the experimental system. RESULTS: The majority of the input activity was detected in the wood, only about 1% in the bodies of surviving termites and 1% in the substrate. A considerable part of the input activity was probably lost as gaseous termite metabolites. The activity in workers was significantly higher than in presoldiers, which had differentiated under the influence of the labelled juvenogen. A stable value of radioactivity was detected on the body surfaces. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest good stability of the compound in the wooden carrier and low contamination of the environment with non-gaseous residuals, together with the desired biological impact on termite caste differentiation. 相似文献
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Tomoe?NakayamaEmail author Tsuyoshi?Yoshimura Yuji?Imamura 《Journal of Wood Science》2004,50(6):530-534
Two species of Japanese subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and Reticulitermes speratus (Kolbe), were used in an investigation of the optimum temperature–relative humidity (RH) combination for their feeding activities. Daily wood consumption per worker and survivals were measured, and the protozoan fauna in the hindgut were observed under 15 temperature–RH combinations for 1 week. Five temperatures (20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, and 40°C) and three RH conditions (50%, 70%, and 90% RH) were examined. The activities of the workers were highest at around 30°C for both species, and workers died at 40°C within 5 days and 2 days for C. formosanus and R. speratus, respectively. The optimum RH condition for feeding activity was 90% RH for C. formosanus and 70%–90% RH for R. speratus. The optimum temperature–RH combinations for feeding activities were 30°C at 90% RH for C. formosanus and 30°C at 70%–90% RH for R. speratus. 相似文献
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将预防性杀白蚁药剂施在土壤中形成毒土层是当前控制白蚁为害的主要方法之一。以黄胸散白蚁Reticulitermes flaviceps为对象,啶虫脒为供试药剂,在室内进行毒土柱防白蚁效果测定。结果表明,供试白蚁数量和食物供应与否均对药效试验评价结果有较大影响,毒土柱长度对测试结果的影响与土壤中药剂浓度有关。当毒土柱长度达到10 cm时,所测结果即可反应药剂对白蚁的阻杀效果。用毒土柱法测定预防药剂防白蚁的效果时,建议用10 cm长的毒土柱,每个重复的白蚁数为工蚁100头,并用湿润滤纸片作为供试白蚁的食物和水源。 相似文献
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