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1.
疮痂病是薄壳山核桃上最具毁灭性的病害,带菌植物材料是传播疮痂病的重要来源。准确、灵敏、快速的检测方法可为该病害流行规律调查和防控提供有力的依据。本文通过比较薄壳山核桃疮痂病菌Venturia effusa及其近似种之间的ITS序列差异,设计了特异性引物和TaqMan探针,建立了薄壳山核桃疮痂病菌的荧光定量PCR检测方法。特异性检测结果表明,该方法可以检测不同地区的薄壳山核桃疮痂病菌菌株,而对其近似种以及薄壳山核桃上的其他真菌均没有信号。本研究建立的检测方法对薄壳山核桃疮痂病菌DNA的最低检测限可达0.5 pg/μL。该方法用于田间样品检测时,检测时间仅需1 h,远快于常规的分离培养法。本研究建立的基于TaqMan探针的荧光定量PCR检测方法为薄壳山核桃疮痂病菌的快速检测和监测提供了有力工具。 相似文献
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Proliferation and collapse of subcuticular hyphae of Venturia nashicola race 1 were studied ultrastructurally, after inoculation of susceptible Japanese pear cv. Kousui, resistant Japanese pear
cv. Kinchaku, resistant Asian pear strain Mamenashi 12 and nonhost European pear cv. Flemish Beauty leaves, to understand
the nature of the resistance mechanism. After cuticle penetration by the pathogen, the hyphae were observed at lower frequency
in epidermal pectin layers and middle lamellae of leaves of the three resistant plants than in those of susceptible ones.
This result suggested that fungal growth was suppressed in the incompatible interaction between pear and V. nashicola race 1. In the pectin layers of all inoculated plants, some hyphae had modifications such as breaks in the plasmalemma with
plasmolysis, necrotic cytoplasm and degraded cell walls. More hyphae had collapsed in the leaves of the three resistant plants
than in those of the susceptible cv. Kousui. In collapsed hyphae, the polymerized cell walls broke into numerous fibrous and
amorphous pieces, showing that the scab resistance might be associated with cell wall-degrading enzymes from pear plants. 相似文献
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Summary The wide diversity of old fruit-tree cultivars originating or introduced into Belgium during the 18
th
and 19
th
centuries was collected as far as feasible over the last fifteen years at the State Plant Pathology Station in Gembloux.
Out of the 2400 accessions now collected, one quarter was recovered from old public collections, and three quarters came from
farms or gardens. The initial intention was to screen the material for disease resistance and other characters of agronomic
interest with a view to using the best cultivars as breeding parents. However, as the collection developed, genetic resources
conservation also became an objectiveper se. The collection presently contains 1150 apple, 850 pear and 300 plum accessions, and smaller numbers of other fruit species.
Each accession is evaluated in an experimental orchard for at least ten years. In view of the growing public interest in old
fruit-tree cultivars, the Plant Pathology Station has for several years been releasing to the nursery trade the better cultivars
emerging from the evaluation, namely nine apple and four plum cultivars, and one peach cultivar. The principal features of
the apple cultivars are presented in this paper. Since 1988, old apple and plum cultivars have been being used at the Station
as parents in a breeding programme, with both controlled and open pollination. In some instances, old apple cultivars have
also been crossed with a modern parent carrying the Vf gene for scab resistance. The preliminary observations on some of these
seedlings are presented. 相似文献
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为了明确田间苹果黑星病菌致病力的分化情况,选取中国、英国、印度3个国家不同苹果产区的57株有代表性的苹果黑星病菌株,分别接种嘎啦、富士、秦冠3个寄主品种进行致病力测定。结果表明,不同菌株在相同寄主上能产生不同类型的病斑,其病斑大小、形状、颜色存在较大差异。同一菌株对不同寄主品种的致病力也存在较大差异。根据寄主对病菌的反应类型并结合病害严重度的聚类分析结果,可将57株苹果黑星病菌菌株划分为3个类群:强致病力Ⅰ型、中等致病力Ⅱ型、弱致病力Ⅲ型。 相似文献
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Francesco?SpinelliEmail author John-Bryan?Speakman Wilhelm?Rademacher Heidi?Halbwirth Karl?Stich Guglielmo?Costa 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2005,112(2):133-142
Treatments with prohexadione-calcium led to lowered incidence of fire blight, scab and other diseases in pome fruit trees and other crop plants. In addition to acting as a growth regulator, prohexadione-calcium interferes with flavonoid metabolism and induces the accumulation of the 3-deoxycatechin luteoliflavan in shoots of pome fruit trees. Luteoliflavan does not possess any remarkable antimicrobial activity. Therefore luteoforol, its unstable and highly reactive precursor, has been tested in vitro for its bactericidal and fungicidal activities. Luteoforol was found to be highly active against different strains of Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight, and all other bacterial and fungal organisms tested. Phytotoxic effects were also observed in pear plantlets. The results obtained indicate that prohexadione-calcium induces luteoforol as an active principle with non-specific biocidal properties. It is proposed that luteoforol is released upon pathogen attack from its cellular compartment and inhibits further disease development by destroying pathogen cells as well as by inducing a hypersensitive-like reaction in the host plant tissue. This mechanism would be closely analogous to the one known for structurally related phytoalexins in sorghum. 相似文献
9.
Induced resistance to the apple scab fungus Venturia inaequalis was demonstrated in greenhouse tests with 12-day-old seedlings of the apple cultivar Golden Delicious treated with methyl 2,6-dichloro-isonicotinate or 3,5-dichlorosalicylic acid prior to inoculation with the causal fungus. Studies of the dose-response of flusilazole on induced resistant plants revealed synergistic effects between both crop protection principles. Therefore, the use of such resistance-inducing compounds in the field might allow a reduction in the number of fungicide applications, and possibly a reduction in dose, thus resulting in improved efficacy of fungicides. There was also evidence that induced resistance could prove to be a valid strategy for the treatment of pathogen populations with reduced sensitivity to a given fungicide. © 1998 SCI 相似文献
10.
Monoconidial strains of Venturia nashicola Tanaka et Yamamoto were isolated from Japanese or Chinese white pear trees which had never been treated with sterol demethylation inhibitors (DMIs) and their baseline sensitivities to fenarimol were determined by mycelial growth tests on fungicide-amended culture media. Strains were also obtained from Japanese pear orchards, which had been intensively treated with DMIs for several years and monitored for the shifts of fenarimol sensitivity in comparison with the baseline sensitivity. Results suggested slight shifts to lower fenarimol sensitivity in strains isolated from DMI-treated Japanese pear orchards. However, in inoculation tests on pear seedlings, fenarimol still provided adequate control of V. nashicola strains with reduced sensitivity to fenarimol in vitro, suggesting that the performance of this fungicide will still be maintained in the field. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献