排序方式： 共有10条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1
1.
咖啡黑小蠹的发生规律及药剂防治研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
咖啡黑小蠢是近年在兴隆华侨农场严重危害中粒种咖啡的重要害虫。据1989年对4—5年生咖啡树调查,植株受害率100％,枝条受害率29.7—82.5％,虫害枯枝率7.65—17.8％。该虫以雌成虫钻蛀咖啡枝条为害,幼虫和成虫取食蛀道壁上的真菌菌丝。田间种群数量通常在3月上旬开始剧增,3月中下旬为高峰期,7月至10月田间虫口极少,11月以后逐渐有虫口及虫枯枝出现。温度是影响虫口波动的主要因素。2.5％溴氰菊酶、25％杀虫双、40％乐菊酯各兑水1000倍对成虫直接触杀效果显著,死亡率均为100％。48％乐斯本、40％氧化乐果400—800倍液等12种杀虫剂田间喷雾对咖啡枝条蛀洞内的成虫、蛹、幼虫防效均不明显。 相似文献
2.
R. C. Ploetz J. M. Pérez‐Martínez J. A. Smith M. Hughes T. J. Dreaden S. A. Inch Y. Fu 《Plant pathology》2012,61(4):801-808
Laurel wilt, caused by Raffaelea lauricola, threatens native and non‐native species in the Lauraceae in the south‐eastern USA. Avocado, Persea americana, is the most important agricultural suscept of laurel wilt. Grafted plants (clonal scions on seedling rootstocks) of 24 cultivars were screened against the disease in the field from 2008 to 2010. Disease was induced with either mycelial plugs or conidial suspensions of R. lauricola. There were significant differences in the severity of disease that developed on different cultivars, and West Indian cultivars were most susceptible (P < 0·05). Simmonds, a West Indian cultivar that comprises 35% of the commercial production in Florida, was consistently susceptible and was used as a standard genotype in different studies. Disease severity increased significantly on cv. Simmonds as plant size (stem diameter) increased (P < 0·0042). In greenhouse studies, internal (sapwood) and external disease severities on cv. Simmonds were correlated (P < 0·0001), and a threshold was evident, in that external symptoms developed only after moderately severe symptoms had developed internally. Latent infection was uncommon; R. lauricola was usually isolated on a semiselective medium or detected via qPCR only from discoloured xylem of inoculated cv. Simmonds. As basipetal movement of the pathogen was common, its movement among trees via root grafts is probable. Greater understanding is needed of the movement of R. lauricola in naturally and artificially infected trees, and whether sufficient tolerance exists in avocado to assist in the management of this important new disease. 相似文献
3.
Heinz Bussler Christophe BougetHervé Brustel Martin BrändleVerena Riedinger Roland BrandlJörg Müller 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,262(9):1887-1894
Scolytids have been studied more than any other group of forest insects, but most investigations have been restricted to only a few pest species. This bias hampers our understanding of variation in abundance and pest status. Even the simple question whether the abundance of scolytids can predicted by the same independent variables as their pest status is still a matter of debate. To explore this issue, we estimated their abundance using non-attracting flight-interception traps set in a wide range of forests across Czech Republic, Germany, and France. Pest status was taken from current literature. As independent variables, we considered host range, host abundance, and several traits of the considered species in linear models using generalized least squares with a correlation structure derived from the phylogenetic tree of the beetles. Host range was calculated as the root phylogenetic diversity index. The variation in the abundance across scolytids was well explained by resource-related parameters (R2 = 0.53). In contrast to abundance, the pest status was significantly related to species-specific traits, such as body size and maximum number of generations. However, the explained variance was much lower (R2 = 0.19). Although our analysis showed that abundance and pest score follow different patterns, we stress the importance of monitoring all species using non-selective traps. Considering the increasing global trade and the rapidly changing climate, such a broad ecological monitoring is necessary to detect new interactions and/or invading species that may influence our forests ecosystems. 相似文献
4.
5.
为明确树状月季害虫小粒材小蠹伴生真菌的种类及其致病性,采用组织分离法分别对小粒材小蠹的成虫、幼虫、坑道、寄主变色边材和维管束进行真菌分离培养,结合形态学和分子生物学对所得菌株进行分类鉴定,通过柯赫氏法则进一步验证伴生菌的致病性。结果表明,5种分离材料共分离出伴生真菌10株,其中腐皮镰刀菌在不同分离材料中的分离率均为最高,是小粒材小蠹伴生菌的优势种群;腐皮镰刀菌、层出镰刀菌、藤仓镰刀菌对月季均有致病性,接种后的月季叶片和茎干出现病斑,叶片发病率分别为89.73%、34.15%、63.24%,发病面积分别为1.62、0.20、0.28 cm2;茎干发病率分别为55.56%、27.78%、30.00%,变色反应区长度分别为4.74、2.98、4.33 cm。该结果为进一步揭示伴生真菌与小粒材小蠹的相互作用关系提供了基础,为小粒材小蠹的综合防治提供科学的理论依据。 相似文献
6.
7.
2010年4月,对翠湖公园的主要行道树三角枫（Acer buergerianum Miq.）上材小蠹虫孔分布及材小蠹危害率进行了调查,提出了三角枫蠹害木蠹害等级分级标准,并计算了蠹害指数。结果表明：（1）三角枫蠹害木主干上的虫孔数随主干距地面高度的增加而增加,距地面101-150cm和151-200cm处主干可作为三角枫蠹害状况调查的最适区段;（2）园内材小蠹危害率高达89.5%,受害三角枫的平均虫孔数为13.1/株;（3）园内三角枫轻度、中度和重度蠹害木的比例分别为42.9%,41.4%和5.2%,蠹害指数为47.1,三角枫正遭受普遍且严重的蠹害威胁。提出了加强虫情监测、开展物理防治和化学防治的防治对策及措施。 相似文献
8.
削尾材小蠹生物学特性及防治 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
削尾材小蠹是板栗上重要的柱干害虫。该虫在浙江新昌１ａ１代,以成虫在杂草及枯枝落叶中越冬。成虫危害期４月至６月。主要危害距地高４０～１５０ｃｍ的主干和２～４年生枝条。多雌一雄,雌雄比为１６．２５：１,１０月中旬越冬。卵、幼虫和蛹在成虫修筑坑道内生活。用５０％氧化乐果１份加水５份稀释,在树干基部括皮（至韧皮部）涂干,防效可达９５．７％。图１表１参３ 相似文献
9.
松树材小蠹Xyleborus festivus Eichhoff是东南亚地区为害松属植物的重要害虫,为掌握该虫在中国南方的发生情况及其共生真菌种类,本文通过检视标本馆标本和野外调查,并对采集的标本携带的真菌进行分类培养,利用分子生物学的方法对获得的真菌种类进行鉴定。本文提供了松树材小蠹的鉴别特征,记录了其在中国南方的发生情况、地理分布、寄主等,同时分离出共生真菌7种,并确定其储菌囊中的优势真菌——Raffaelea cf.arxii。松树材小蠹对寄主植物的危害极有可能引起或加速其他病害发生,应引起相关部门的重视。 相似文献
10.
1