Periodicity and gradients in dispersal ofAlternaria linicola in linseed crops     

I. Vloutoglou  B. D. L. Fitt  J. A. Lucas 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1995,101(6):639-653

Conidia ofAlternaria linicola produced on infected linseed crops were mainly dispersed by wind. The numbers of conidia in the air above linseed crops collected by a Burkard spore sampler were greatest between 1200 h and 1300 h, when the relative humidity was lowest. Although numbers of conidia collected decreased with increasing height within and above the crop canopy, air-borneA. linicola conidia were present up to 80 cm above the crop canopy. Conidia ofA. linicola were transported by wind up to at least 40 m downwind from an artificial line inoculum source, but their numbers decreased with increasing distance from the source. In 1991, 1992, and 1993, the dispersal ofA. linicola conidia above linseed crops followed a seasonal periodicity which was influenced by weather conditions and cultural practices. The greatest numbers of conidia were collected during July, August and early September and coincided with periods favourable for sporulation and with an increase in the incidence of the disease in the senescent crop. Air-borneA. linicola conidia produced on point or line inoculum sources (naturally infected linseed stem debris) were responsible for the spread of the disease in linseed crops. In 1992 and 1993, the disease was first detected downwind from the sources, but by the end of the growing seasons, it had spread in all directions and up to 20 m and 60 m from the sources, respectively. Disease gradients were initially steep near the inoculum sources but they became flatter with time due to the secondary spread of the disease.  相似文献   

南方灭鼠应用稻谷与大米毒饵的比较          下载免费PDF全文

张美文  王勇  李波  陈安国 《植物保护学报》2003,30(1):86-90

生物测定法测得谷壳对复方88-1灭鼠剂的阻滞率为54．3％，光谱分析法测得其对敌鼠钠盐的阻滞率在47．43％—57．00％之间。相同条件下，褐家鼠Rattus norvegicus取食敌鼠钠盐稻谷毒饵量为大米毒饵的2倍多。在南方潮湿的环境下，大米毒饵更易松散、霉变，使其适口性更低。综合考虑认为南方灭鼠使用稻谷毒饵更为合适。  相似文献   

新疆干旱半干旱农田应用0.2%莪术醇饵剂防治害鼠的效果     

戴爱梅  马婷  丁志梅  赵日良  赵方婷  张美文 《植物保护》2024,50(3):333-340

为了解0.2%莪术醇饵剂在新疆干旱半干旱农田应用的可行性,2022年4月至7月, 在新疆博州温泉县进行了该药防治害鼠试验。施药在3个试验点(即3个重复)进行, 在害鼠繁殖高峰期前施药, 投放药饵后30、60 d和90 d调查防控效果。结果显示:3个试验区域的结果趋势相似, 校正灭效基本维持在50%以上。与空白对照区相比, 优势鼠种灰仓鼠与根田鼠试验投饵区的雌鼠怀孕率明显下降, 小家鼠、灰仓鼠平均胎仔数明显降低, 小家鼠、灰仓鼠和根田鼠施药区域的鼠类个体的亚成体比例与对照区域明显下降, 说明该药剂对当地害鼠的繁殖具有明显的控制作用, 可达到控制害鼠数量的目的, 适口性也较好, 可以在当地推广应用。  相似文献   

基于PLC的蟹笼渔船诱饵填盒与塞笼自动化流水线方案设计     

陈勇  郑雄胜  林钟卫 《渔业现代化》2021,(1):48-56

蟹笼渔船诱捕饵料在使用过程需要经过破冰分离、切块、填盒、塞笼等工序,效率低、劳动强度大.为提升蟹笼渔船的生产效率,需要实现饵料使用自动化.提出了一种实现饵料使用自动化的流水线生产方案,并通过Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 5.0进行流水线的结构设计建模与原理分析,采用GX works3基于三菱FX5U系列P...  相似文献   

Experimental determinations of factors affecting the sink rates of baited hooks to minimize seabird mortality in pelagic longline fisheries     

Graham Robertson  Steven G. Candy  Barbara Wienecke  Kieran Lawton 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2010,20(6):632-643

• 1. An experiment was conducted in Australia's pelagic longline fishery to establish a scientific basis for the introduction of line weighting to reduce seabird mortality. The experiment examined the effects of different bait species (blue mackerel, yellow‐tail mackerel and squid), bait life status (dead or alive), weight of leaded swivels (60 g, 100 g and 160 g) and leader length (distance between leaded swivel and hooks: 2 m, 3 m and 4 m) on the sink rates of baited hooks from 0–6 m deep.
• 2. On average, live bait sank much more slowly than dead bait. The sink rates of individual live bait were highly variable: many were <2 m underwater 18 s after deployment, including some on the heaviest swivels, and some were <10 m deep after 120 s.
• 3. Within the dead bait group, all three swivel weights on 3 m and 4 m leaders sank at similar rates. Initial sink rates (e.g. 0–2 m) were 2–3 times slower than final rates (e.g. 4–6 m) for all combinations of swivel weight and leader length. The fastest initial and final sink rates were associated with heavy swivels placed close to hooks.
• 4. The results show that (a) compared with dead bait, live bait greatly increases the exposure of baited hooks to seabirds; (b) initial sink rates of dead bait are increased by placing leaded swivels close to hooks and final rates by increasing the weight of the swivels; (c) adding weight to long leaders makes little difference to sink rates; and (d) the small (incremental) changes to swivel weights and leader lengths typically preferred by industry will be difficult to detect at sea and unlikely to substantially reduce seabird mortality.
• 5. We suggest that experiments designed to reduce seabird mortality from that associated with 60 g swivels and ～3.5 m leaders (the preferred option by industry) should aim to expedite the initial sink rates as well as rates to deeper depths. This objective could be achieved by including branch lines with ≥120 g swivels ≤2 m in comparative assessments of the effectiveness of line weighting regimes in reducing seabird mortality. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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不同饵料对中华虎头蟹幼体发育和存活率的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蔡恒辉  曹琛  邢佐平  郝咏芳  姜超 《水产养殖》2014,(4):11-15

为探讨中华虎头蟹苗种繁育过程中饵料及投喂的影响,进行了不同饵料对中华虎头蟹溞状幼体和大眼幼体生长发育和存活的影响实验。实验结果,中华虎头蟹各期幼体生长发育效果较好的饵料为动物性饵料,Z1期以卤虫无节幼体为开口饵料,只投喂扁藻后期幼体发育较差;Z2以轮虫和卤虫无节幼体的搭配为好;Z3期则以轮虫为适宜饵料;M期投喂卤虫无节幼体效果相对较好。  相似文献   

香蕉ROP1基因酵母双杂交体系的诱饵载体构建及毒性与自激活效应检测     

王卓  杨景豪  张建彬  刘菊华  金志强  徐碧玉 《热带作物学报》2009,30(7):975-978

用PCR技术获得香蕉ROP1基因片段,构建酵母双杂交系统表达载体pGBKT7-ROP1,测序正确后将重组质粒导入AH109酵母菌株,检测其表达产物对酵母细胞有无毒性作用及对报告基因有无激活作用.结果表明,用PCR技术获得了正确的ROP1基因片段,并正确构建了ROP1基因的酵母双杂交表达载体,并转化到AH109酵母菌株中,含诱饵载体的AH109在SD/-Trp营养缺陷平板上生长良好,说明表达产物对酵母细胞无毒性,含诱饵载体的AH109在His、Trp二重营养缺陷平板上不能生长,说明对报告基因无自激活作用,为下一步利用酵母双杂交系统筛选与ROP1蛋白相互作用的蛋白奠定基础.  相似文献   

鳜鱼池塘单养及其病害防治试验     

谢萍  张永福 《金陵科技学院学报》1998,(2)

鳜鱼池塘单养,要求水源充足,水质清新,本试验塘口水体,溶解氧6～7mg／L,PH7～8,透明度40cm;对饵料鱼要求活、适口、无硬刺、投喂间隔,供应及时;高温季节每天注排水2h,保持微流水状态;注意防治细菌性烂鳃病、鱼鲺病、车轮虫病和半眉虫病。只要把好饵料及鱼病关,鳜鱼池塘单养可以取得较好的经济效益。  相似文献   

用于筛选植物PGIP的酵母双杂交PGase诱饵载体     

张党权  谭晓风 《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,26(4):5-8

对真菌抗性较强的植物能利用自身的多聚半乳糖醛酸酶抑制蛋白(po lyga lacturonase-inh ib iting prote in,PG IP)来抑制真菌分泌的、降解植物细胞壁的主要物质——多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(po lyga lacturonase,PG ase)的活性.目前,快速、有效的获取植物PG IP的方法是通过酵母双杂交技术来进行的,而这首先要获得真菌PG ase的酵母诱饵载体.以真菌——互格链格孢PG ase的cDNA的为基础,将其克隆到M ATCHM AKER L exA Tw o-Hybrid System的诱饵载体中,并将诱饵载体(pL exA-PG ase)成功转化酵母菌株EGY 478[p8op-lacZ],经检测无自激活作用,可直接用于快速、大量地筛选植物PG IP.  相似文献   

Efficacy and nontarget impact of zinc phosphide‐coated cabbage as a ground squirrel management tool     

Roger A Baldwin  Heather Halbritter  Ryan Meinerz  Laura K Snell  Steve B Orloff 《Pest management science》2019,75(7):1847-1854

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