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ANIMAL STUDIED: A Royal Boa constrictor presented with retained spectacle of the right eye and a tumor-like appearance of the left eye. PROCEDURE: The snake was euthanized, the head fixed in buffered formaldehyde, and histologic examination of both spectacles and both eyes performed. RESULTS: The left orbital rim encircled a solid, scaly mass projecting 5-6 mm from the spectacular area. A cup-shaped tumor with a central keratin plug was observed microscopically. There was a thickening of the proliferating squamous epithelium, with squamous eddies and single cell keratinization. A few mitotic figures were seen in the basal layers but the tumor showed no infiltrative growth. The same morphology was observed in the right eye but to a lesser extent. The remaining parts of the eye were normal. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis was keratoacanthoma and this is the first reported keratoacanthoma of the spectacle in a reptile. Keratoacanthoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis when trying to remove retained spectacles from a reptile eye. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: To provide a comprehensive review of the experimental and clinical data related to gradual vascular occlusion of congenital portosystemic shunts (CPS) in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Literature review. METHODS: PubMed literature search (1966-2004). RESULTS: Surgical intervention and complete vascular occlusion have been recommended for CPS therapy in dogs; however, acute complete ligation of CPS is often associated with life-threatening portal hypertension. Recently, several investigators have attempted to reduce the risk of postoperative portal hypertension by using gradual vascular occlusion. Successful vascular occlusion has been achieved using partial ligation with silk suture, ameroid constrictors, cellophane bands, thrombogenic coils and hydraulic vascular occluders. Objective comparisons of the reliability and rate of vascular occlusion produced by each of these methods have been limited by differences in experimental models and a lack of definitive follow up evaluation in some clinical studies. CONCLUSIONS: Gradual vascular occlusion is widely used in the clinical treatment of CPS in dogs. Objective evaluation of the experimental and clinical data on each of the techniques for gradual vascular occlusion is necessary for informed clinical practice and for the planning of future research into this important area. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Even from the limited data available, it is clear that the ideal method for gradual vascular occlusion of CPS has yet to be identified. 相似文献
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Ramiro Isaza DVM MS Norman Ackerman DVM Elliott R. Jacobson DVM PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1993,34(6):445-450
Transverse ultrasound images from three live boa constrictors ( Boa constrictor ) were compared to the corresponding gross sections of a euthanized boa constrictor. The snakes were anesthetized, placed into dorsal recumbency, and imaged through the ventral scutes. Ultrasound images were produced with a real time, B-mode scanner and a linear 7.5-MHz transducer. The heart, liver, stomach, gall bladder, pancreas, kidneys, and fat body were the coelomic structures most consistently recognized ultrasonographically. Results of this study indicate that ultrasound is a useful imaging technique in snakes. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the mechanism of vascular occlusion after placement of an ameroid constrictor (AC) on a large intra-abdominal vein and document changes in blood flow. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. ANIMALS: Six adult dogs. METHODS: Six 6.5 mm ACs were digitally scanned to measure area and circumference of the ameroid and inner lumen before surgery. ACs were surgically positioned around the left common iliac vein (CIV) in each dog. Peri-vascular ultrasonic flow probes were positioned on the left CIV cranial to the AC, and on the right CIV as an internal control. Blood flow measurements were recorded daily until there was no, or prolonged minimal, blood flow, at which time the dogs were euthanatized. Left and right CIVs were removed for histologic evaluation, and the ACs re-scanned to evaluate degree and direction of expansion of the ameroid. RESULTS: Reduction in blood flow occurred within 10 days in all dogs. Three dogs had complete occlusion by day 10 from thrombus formation. One dog damaged the flow probes at 13 days when blood flow was approximately 50% of intra-operative values; the dog was euthanatized at 37 days; there was partial occlusion from thrombosis. Two dogs had persistent low blood flow and occlusion from thrombus formation when euthanatized at 59 and 98 days. There was a significant increase in total AC area and outer circumference, and decrease in luminal area and inner circumference when presurgical and postocclusion measurements were compared. CONCLUSIONS: Vascular occlusion after placement of an AC on a large intra-abdominal vein occurred from thrombus formation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A similar pattern of venous occlusion may occur after placement of an AC on a portosystemic shunt, which may lead to both short- and long-term complications associated with portal hypertension. 相似文献
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Tourmente M Cardozo GA Guidobaldi HA Giojalas LC Bertona M Chiaraviglio M 《Research in veterinary science》2007,82(1):93-98
Semen quality analysis constitutes a powerful tool to evaluate the fertility potential of males in threatened species. The Argentine boa constrictor or lampalagua (Boa constrictor occidentalis) is a threatened snake species and has been included in Appendix I of CITES. The objective of this work is to characterize the sperm of B. c. occidentalis on the bases of dynamic parameters to improve this species conservation. Dynamic parameters were measured in sperm samples using videomicroscopy and image analysis software. The sperm population showed a high degree of heterogeneity in velocity parameter values and 95% of the cells showed a linear pattern of movement. Studies in other species indicate that the number of motile spermatozoa and their movement speed is directly correlated with fertilization success. This work will help to establish basic parameter values for the evaluation of the reproductive potential of populations of B. c. occidentalis and to resolve questions referred to its reproductive strategies. 相似文献
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MICHAEL PEES INGMAR KIEFER JENS THIELEBEIN GERHARD OECHTERING MARIA-ELISABETH KRAUTWALD-JUNGHANNS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2009,50(5):487-491
Thirty-nine healthy boid snakes representing six different species ( Python regius, Boa constrictor, Python reticulatus, Morelia viridis, Epicrates cenchria , and Morelia spilota ) were examined using computed tomography (CT) to characterize the normal appearance of the respiratory tissue. Assessment was done subjectively and densitometry was performed using a defined protocol. The length of the right lung was calculated to be 11.1% of the body length, without a significant difference between species. The length of the left lung in proportion to the right was dependent on the species examined. The most developed left lung was in P. regius (81.2%), whereas in B. constrictor , the left lung was vestigial or absent (24.7%). A median attenuation of −814.6 HU and a variability of 45.9 HU were calculated for all species with no significant difference between species. Within the species, a significantly higher attenuation was found for P. regius in the dorsal and cranial aspect of the lung compared with the ventral and caudal part. In B. constrictor , the reduced left lung was significantly hyperattenuating compared with the right lung. Results of this study emphasize the value of CT and provide basic reference data for assessment of the snake lung in these species. 相似文献
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智能化粮情监控系统的设计与实现 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了降低粮仓管理过程中的成本,实现智能化、自动化的监测和管理,采用一种基于S3C2440微处理器和boa网络服务器的方法,在作了大量的试验调试的基础上,设计出一种智能化粮情监控系统。该智能系统具有很高的可靠性、可操作性及精确性。 相似文献
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Kris Gommeren DVM DECVIM Stéphanie Claeys DVM DECVS Hilde De Rooster DVM MVM PhD DECVS Annick Hamaide DVM PhD DECVS Sylvie Daminet DVM PhD DACVIM DECVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2010,20(3):346-351
Objective – To describe outcome of treatment with propofol and phenobarbital for status epilepticus (SE) after portosystemic shunt (PSS) attenuation. Case or Series Summary – Three dogs without preceding seizure activity, were diagnosed with a single extrahepatic PSS. Following standard preoperative medical therapy, an ameroid constrictor was placed surgically. Recovery was uneventful until spontaneous SE developed 46–96 hours after surgery. After unsuccessful seizure control with benzodiazepines, dogs were treated with a bolus of propofol followed by a propofol constant rate infusion. Phenobarbital was concurrently administered and supportive care was optimized. All dogs recovered uneventfully over the next 7–9 days. Over the following months phenobarbital was slowly tapered. All dogs have been free from antiepileptic drugs for several months, without recurrence of neurologic signs. New or Unique Information Provided – In this case series, we describe the treatment of 3 dogs with propofol and phenobarbital for refractory SE following attenuation of a single congenital PSS. After weaning of the propofol constant rate infusion, and tapering and discontinuation of phenobarbital over the following months, all dogs experienced a complete recovery. This study provides evidence that use of propofol in combination with phenobarbital may be efficacious for management of SE in dogs after PSS surgery. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: To compare screw insertion variables and pullout mechanical properties between AO 6.5-mm cancellous and 7.3-mm cannulated bone screws in foal femoral bone. STUDY DESIGN: A paired, in vitro mechanical study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Seven pairs of femora from immature (1-7 months) foals. METHODS: The 6.5 cancellous and 7.3-mm cannulated screws were inserted at standardized proximal and distal metaphyseal, and mid-diaphyseal locations. Insertion torque, force, and time to drill, tap (6.5-mm cancellous), guide wire insertion (7.3-mm cannulated), and screw insertion were measured. Screw pullout properties (yield and failure load, displacement, and energy, and stiffness) were determined from mechanical tests. The effects of screw type and location on insertion variables and pullout properties were assessed with repeated measures ANOVA. Pairwise comparisons were examined with post hoc contrasts. Significance was set at P<.05 for all comparisons. RESULTS: Insertion torques for the 7.3-mm cannulated screws were significantly greater than for the 6.5-mm tap, but significantly lower than for the 6.5-mm cancellous screws. Total screw insertion times were similar. Pullout properties of both screws were similar at each femoral location. The holding power of both screws was significantly greater in the mid-diaphysis than in either metaphyseal location. Pullout failure occurred by bone shearing at the bone-screw interface in all specimens. CONCLUSIONS: The 6.5-mm cancellous and 7.3-mm cannulated screws vary in insertion properties, but have similar pullout properties in the mid-diaphysis, proximal, and distal metaphysis of foal femora. Both screw types have greater holding power at the mid-diaphyseal location compared with metaphyseal locations. Based on overall similar holding powers of 6.5-mm cancellous and 7.3-mm cannulated screws, it is unlikely that increasing the screw diameter beyond 6.5 mm will provide increased holding power in foal femoral bone. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Use of the 7.3-mm cannulated screw should be considered for foal femoral fracture repair when greater accuracy is needed, or when bone threads for the 6.5-mm cancellous screw have been stripped. 相似文献