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The study was carried out to quantitate the transfer of toxaphene and chlordane compounds from commercial fish feed into the edible part of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) under normal rearing conditions. Trout were fed with unspiked high energy feed for salmon (fat content 26–30%) over a period of 19 months. The average weight of trout increased from 10 g to more than 2092 g, reaching sizes of 51 cm length. Considerable amounts of toxaphene and chlordane residues were transferred from fish feed into trout muscle. Toxaphene concentrations increased up to 8.6 µg (Σ toxaphene indicator compounds 1–3) kg?1 wet weight (w.w.) and chlordane reached 5.3 µg Σoxy‐, trans‐, cis‐chlordane + t‐nonachlor kg?1 w.w. Results are also discussed on the contaminant levels based on the fat content and the effect of sexual maturation is considered in this study. The data allow the establishment of transfer rates for toxaphene and chlordane congeners from high energy diet into the edible part of farmed rainbow trout. 相似文献
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氯丹和灭蚁灵在污染场地中的空间分布研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
氯丹和灭蚁灵是两种杀虫剂类POPs,在我国仍然生产和使用。在多年生产氯丹、灭蚁灵的企业厂区内及周围布设采样点,采取不同深度的土壤进行分析,研究了POPs生产企业土壤中污染物的空间分布规律。结果表明,生产厂区内污染严重,在土壤表层,靠近生产车间的土壤中氯丹的浓度高达2927.95mg·kg-1,灭蚁灵浓度高达61.90mg·kg-1,并且已经扩散到周边土壤。在土壤深层,氯丹和灭蚁灵有明显的垂直扩散,10m深处土壤均能检出两种污染物。由于灭蚁灵产量小于氯丹产量,灭蚁灵的污染不及氯丹的污染严重。 相似文献
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土壤洗脱与光降解技术联合修复氯丹和灭蚁灵污染场地土壤的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
探讨土壤洗脱与光降解技术联合修复有机污染土壤的可行性,对于有效控制土壤中的有机污染物有重要意义。针对氯丹和灭蚁灵生产企业场地污染土壤,选取16种洗脱剂对其中的氯丹和灭蚁灵进行增效洗脱,优化了Triton X-100洗脱污染土壤的工艺条件,并进一步研究了采用光降解技术降解洗脱液中氯丹和灭蚁灵的可行性。结果表明,Triton X-100、Tween 80和HPCD对复合污染土壤中氯丹和灭蚁灵均有较好的洗脱效果,由于Triton X-100中的发色芳基可吸收紫外光,促进污染物的光降解,选取Triton X-100作为氯丹和灭蚁灵复合污染土壤的洗脱剂。Triton X-100洗脱氯丹和灭蚁灵复合污染土壤的最佳工艺参数为:浓度10 mmol·L-1,洗脱时间60 min,固液比1:10,洗脱3次。在此最佳工艺条件下,污染土壤中氯丹和灭蚁灵的累计洗脱率分别为98.7%和45.3%。500 W汞灯照射洗脱液,反应3 h后氯丹完全降解,灭蚁灵在反应1 h后几乎完全降解,这表明土壤增效洗脱与光催化联合处理是一种修复氯丹和灭蚁灵污染场地土壤的有效技术。 相似文献
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以赤子爱胜蚓（Eisenia fetida）为供试生物,氯丹和灭蚁灵污染场地土壤为供试土壤,以蚯蚓体重及体内蛋白质含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性为指标,进行了不同暴露时间（1、3、7、14 d）下场地土壤中氯丹和灭蚁灵污染胁迫对蚯蚓的毒性效应研究。结果表明,随着暴露时间的延长,蚯蚓体重在氯丹和灭蚁灵作用下受到显著抑制,蚯蚓体内蛋白质、SOD和CAT活性对氯丹和灭蚁灵响应不同,其敏感性大小为CAT〉SOD〉蛋白质;在一定暴露时间内,根据暴露-剂量效应关系,表明氯丹浓度为14.13 mg.kg-1、灭蚁灵浓度为4.14 mg.kg-1可能是使蚯蚓CAT活性达到最大值的临界浓度,同时也是SOD活性受到抑制的临界浓度,超过该临界浓度可能对蚯蚓产生生态毒性效应,这为场地风险评价和修复提供了基础数据。 相似文献
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为确定细胞色素P450酶系在白腐菌Phlebia lindtneri降解有机氯类农药氯丹中的作用,在液体培养条件下,以胡椒基丁醚和1-氨基苯并三唑作为细胞色素P450的抑制剂,分析了不同浓度抑制剂对氯丹的降解、代谢产物的生成以及中间代谢物降解的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,高浓度(1.0 mmol/L)胡椒基丁醚或1-氨基苯并三唑处理15 d后氯丹的降解率均下降了约60%,且其代谢产物中除七氯和二氯代六氯的检出量显著增加外,其余环氧化及羟基化代谢产物均未检出;此外,添加高浓度的抑制剂可导致白腐菌降解中间代谢产物七氯及二氯代六氯的降解率下降90%以上,氧化氯丹的降解率下降70%以上,但不影响环氧七氯的降解。表明细胞色素P450可能是氯丹降解的主要酶系,其参与催化了氯丹的初始羟基化和水解、七氯和二氯代六氯的环氧化及氧化氯丹的水解等多个反应过程。 相似文献
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Coptotermes formosanus workers were treated topically with insecticide and subsequently held individually or in groups to examine possible effects on insecticide toxicity. Chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and chlordane toxicities were 1.4-, 1.5-, and 1.3-fold greater, respectively, among workers held in groups compared with those held individually after insecticide treatment. Experiments were conducted to examine how enhanced toxicity occurred among termites held in groups after topical insecticide treatment. When workers were treated topically with chlordane and immediately placed with untreated workers, significantly greater numbers of untreated workers were killed compared with controls at all ratios examined (insecticide-treated:untreated). These data indicated that workers treated topically with insecticide were capable of somehow transferring a lethal dose of insecticide to untreated workers confined in the vial. Chlordane was recovered from untreated workers which had been confined with chlordane-treated workers; significantly higher quantities of chlordane were recovered from dead workers exposed to chlordane-treated workers compared with surviving workers exposed to chlordane-treated workers. Possible mechanisms of insecticide transfer from insecticide-treated to untreated termites are discussed. 相似文献
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