胡杨内生真菌曲霉(Aspergillus sp.)链格孢(Alternaria sp.)的生理特性     

袁秀英  韩艳洁  姜海燕  白红霞 《干旱区资源与环境》2004,18(6):170-173

采用接种法 ,对胡杨内生真菌曲霉 ( Aspergillus sp.)和链格孢 ( Alternaria sp.)在不同温度、p H、碳源、氮源、培养基及糖质量浓度下进行了生理实验研究。结果表明 :温度对两种菌株的生长和孢子产生具有明显的影响 ;曲霉 ( Aspergillus sp.) p H5～ 6时生长良好 ,而链格孢 ( Alternaria sp.) p H为 4～ 5时菌株生长良好 ,两种菌株均以蔗糖为主要碳源 ;菌丝干质量与培养基质量浓度呈正向关系。  相似文献   

Biocontrol options for Cirsium arvense with indigenous fungal pathogens     

S Guske  B Schulz†  & C Boyle‡ 《Weed Research》2004,44(2):107-116

As a first step in the development of a mycoherbicide for biological control of Cirsium arvense indigenous fungal pathogens that had been isolated from diseased hosts were tested both singly and in combination on potted plants under environmental conditions. Disease symptoms (necroses, chloroses and macerations) and parameters of growth and development were evaluated to determine the potential for weed control. During 1998, Phoma destructiva, Phoma hedericola, a Mycelia sterilia and Puccinia punctiformis were inoculated singly. With the exception of the obligate biotroph P. punctiformis (local infections), the single inoculations reduced the measured parameters. A combined inoculum of P. punctiformis and Ph. hedericola was less effective than Ph. hedericola alone. In 1999, Ph. hedericola, Ph. destructiva, Ph. nebulosa and the Mycelia sterila were applied both singly and as a combined inoculum. Of all the tested inocula, the mixture of four pathogens had the greatest potential for biocontrol, significantly reducing reproductive capacity of the plants. These results demonstrate the importance of taking advantage of synergisms in developing a mycoherbicide.  相似文献   

The culturable leaf mycobiome of Viscum album subsp. austriacum     

Robert Jankowiak  Piotr Bilański  Julita Zając  Adrianna Jobczyk  Stephen J. Taerum 《Forest Pathology》2023,53(4):e12821

In Poland's pine forests, mistletoe (Viscum album subsp. austriacum) abundance has increased over the past 20 years. This mistletoe infestation has decreased the growth and vigour of Scots pine trees. In this study, we surveyed the culturable fungi from healthy and diseased V. album subsp. austriacum leaves from two stands in Poland. In total, 63 distinct species were identified, 99.8% of which belonged to the phylum Ascomycota. The community compositions of fungi in mistletoe leaves were similar in healthy and diseased leaves as Alternaria alternata, Aureobasidium pullulans, Botryosphaeria visci, Fusarium paeoniae and Microsphaeropsis olivacea were consistently found in leaves of all symptom types. The most frequently isolated fungus from asymptomatic leaves was M. olivacea, followed by A. alternata, A. pullulans and Hypoxylon rubiginosum. In comparison, the most frequently isolated fungi from leaves with rusty-brown necrotic spots were (in decreasing order) M. olivacea, B. visci, F. paeoniae and A. alternata, while the most frequently isolated fungi from leaves with black or dark brown spots were M. olivacea, A. alternata, A. pullulans, Epicoccum layuense and F. paeoniae. This study was the first comprehensive report showing that certain fungal species may be pathogens of V. album subsp. austriacum in Poland. This study was also the first report of F. paeoniae, F. juglandicola, Diaporthe vacuae and Heterotruncatella spartii from V. album, and the first report of D. vacuae and H. spartii in Poland.  相似文献   

大兴安岭4种杜鹃花科植物的DSE真菌分布     

魏杰  杨秀丽 《内蒙古林业科技》2014,40(4):43-46

深色有隔内生真菌在寒温带地区的研究在国内还属空白。本研究首次对内蒙古大兴安岭兴安落叶松林下笃斯越橘、越橘、杜鹃和杜香的DSE真菌进行了研究。结果表明,这4种杜鹃花科植物都有DSE真菌定殖,但DSE定殖率都小于10%。DSE菌根定殖率与全氮呈极显著负相关。依据菌落形态特征和菌丝体的显微结构特征将这4种植物的根样中分离得到的187个DSE菌株分为15个菌株类型,并对这4种植物进行回接实验,其中有8种DSE菌株类型可以定殖这4种植物,8个菌株类型属于子囊菌门的Phialocephala属,分属4个种。  相似文献   

Root-associated fungi of healthy-looking Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies seedlings in Swedish forest nurseries     

Elna Stenström  Ndobe Ernest Ndobe  Maria Jonsson  Jan Stenlid 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2014,29(1):12-21

The aim of this study was to assess fungal communities in roots of healthy-looking Pinus sylvestris L. and Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings in nine forest nurseries in Sweden using a combination of traditional culturing and direct sequencing of internal transcribed spacer of fungal ribosomal RNA (ITS rRNA) from the roots. Culturing from 1800 surface-sterilised root segments resulted in 2387 fungal cultures representing 42 different taxa. Direct sequencing from 180 root segments resulted in 119 ITS rRNA sequences representing 25 different taxa. In total, 55 different fungal taxa were detected using both methods. Although direct sequencing was more efficient than culturing in detecting different fungal taxa, both methods provided complementary information about fungal communities in roots since each detected rather different groups of fungi. The most dominant taxa detected by culturing were Trichoderma viride Pers. (19.5%), Phoma mucivora Davey & Currah (19.1%), Phialocephala fortinii Wang & Wilcox (17.4%) and Meliniomyces variabilis Hambl. & Sigler (10.2%), while Thelephora terrestris Ehrh. (26.1%), Unidentified sp. NS126 (25.2%) and Heliotales sp. C20 (10.1%) were most commonly detected by direct sequencing. In conclusion, results showed that forest nurseries in Sweden harbour diverse communities of fungi associated with the roots of healthy-looking P. sylvestris and P. abies seedlings. Although fungal communities were often dominated by saprotrophs and endophytes, several facultative pathogens were also detected indicating that under suitable conditions they may be a potential threat to the plants.  相似文献   

内生真菌对草坪草抗逆性的影响     

余承忠  王志勇  江淑平  万开军 《信阳农业高等专科学校学报》2006,16(3):102-104

从植物内生真菌的涵义和基本生物学特征出发,对国内外近30年来有关内生真菌与植物关系的研究情况进行综述,主要包括内生真菌的检测、鉴定和转染,内生真菌对草坪草生长发育与抗逆性的影响,以及其在草业及其它相关领域的应用前景。  相似文献   

Root colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizal, fine endophytic and dark septate fungi across a pH gradient in acid beech forests     

Jacqueline W.M. Postma  Pål Axel Olsson  Ursula Falkengren-Grerup 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2007,39(2):400-408

Colonisation by root endophytes can be beneficial to plants growing on acid, nutrient-poor soils. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can supply herbs with nutrients and may give protection against aluminium toxicity. Two other root colonising fungi, fine endophytes (FE) and dark septate fungi (DSE), are less well known but are potentially of benefit to their host plant. AM fungi are the most prevalent symbionts in herbs at neutral to acidic soil pH. At extremely low pH, fungal growth can be limited and AM colonisation is usually rare. Fine and dark septate endophytes, on the other hand, have been observed more often under these conditions. In order to relate endophyte colonisation to a gradient in soil pH, we investigated root colonisation by AM, FE and DSE in Maianthemum bifolium, Galium odoratum, Mercurialis perennis and Stellaria nemorum, from a range of acidic beech forests. With decreasing pH, colonisation by AM decreased, whereas the other two endophytes increased. AM and FE colonisation were inversely correlated in Maianthemum bifolium. We compared changes in root colonisation with those in chemical composition of soil and leaf samples and found a positive correlation between leaf magnesium concentrations and the presence of DSE in Galium odoratum. Aluminium concentration in Maianthemum bifolium tended to be lower when FE colonisation was high, suggesting a possible role for the fungi in plant protection against Al. We suggest that FE and DSE may replace AM fungi in herbaceous vegetation at extremely low pH, counteracting some of the negative effects of high soil acidity on plants.  相似文献   

禾本科植物内生真菌研究13:禾本科植物内生真菌的分离鉴定及基因组DNA的快速提取   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王永  纪燕玲  王晗  陈永敢  王志伟 《南京农业大学学报》2012,35(3):52-56

调查我国7省12个不同地区的禾本科植物内生真菌,经分离、培养后鉴定得到2种Epichlo属和4种Neotyphodium属内生真菌。采用改良的QS(improved quick and safe,IQS)法进行禾本科植物内生真菌基因组DNA的提取,并通过PCR进行验证。以生长在平板上的菌丝为起始材料,仪器要求简单、操作简便,快速安全、省时省力,整个提取过程大约40 min。该方法和常规SDS法相比,时间缩短到2周,为原来的1/4。以IQS法提取的DNA为模板,检测禾本科植物内生真菌中的NRPS基因,并在NCBI上进行比对分析,发现与已有的NRPS基因高度相似。这种快速提取法所获得的基因组DNA质量高,可用于后续PCR、基因克隆及其他高通量测试,特别适合获取大量真菌菌株基因组DNA时使用。  相似文献   

禾草内生真菌研究进展     

李晓帅  湛妲  孙鑫博  韩烈保 《草原与草坪》2012,32(6):82-89

内生真菌分为麦角菌类内生真菌和非麦角菌类内生真菌。麦角菌类内生真菌常和禾草形成共生,改变植物组织的生长发育,产生具有生物保护活性的生物碱,遏制昆虫和哺乳动物的取食,同时,能够增强宿主植物的生态生理学方面的作用和对非生物胁迫的抗性。笔者就有关禾草类内生真菌的生长和传播、产生的生物碱、抵抗生物胁迫和非生物胁迫的功能及其应用...  相似文献   

A simple method to obtain endophytic microorganisms from field-collected roots     

V.A. Silvani  S. Fracchia  L. Fernndez  M. Prgola  A. Godeas 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2008,40(5):1259-1263

We describe a simple technique for obtaining endophytic microorganisms from field-collected roots. Roots of plant species were surfaced-sterilized, cut into pieces, and then each root piece was transferred to drops of Gel-Gro medium. The number of segments with bacteria and fungi was quantified and those with bacteria and dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi were plated onto tryptic soy agar (TSA) and malt extract agar (MEA), respectively. When arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) grew from root segments, they were inoculated into Ri T-DNA-transformed carrot root cultures. Eight different species of bacteria and five dark septate endophytes were isolated. Thirty AMF isolates were identified and continuous pure cultures established. This easy and inexpensive approach allowed us to culture various endophytic microorganisms in an in vitro system saving time and space.  相似文献