桑椹菌核病研究进展     

吕志远  田立超  何宁佳 《植物病理学报》2023,53(1):1-12

桑椹菌核病是由3种子囊菌真菌引起的相似症状病害的统称,为果桑生产中的毁灭性真菌病害,严重制约果桑产业的发展。这3种病原菌同为死体营养型病原菌,其侵染手段多样,侵染机制复杂。由于3种病原菌在人工培养上存在不同程度的困难(桑实杯盘菌和肉阜状杯盘菌难培养,核地杖菌在人工培养基上不能完成生活史),在一定程度上限制了病原菌的研究。本文综述了桑椹菌核病的侵染循环、病原菌、病害流行、病原菌与寄主互作等方面的研究进展,并对未来的研究进行了展望,以期对桑椹菌核病的深入研究提供参考。  相似文献   

Tan-Spot Resistance Screening of Aegilops Species     

K. B. Alam  J. P. Gustapson 《Plant Breeding》1988,100(2):112-118

Two hundred and twelve accessions of 8 diploid and 10 polyploid species of Aegilops were evaluated for resistance to tan-spot disease of wheat, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs., under greenhouse conditions. One or more accessions of Ae. bicornis, Ae. biuncialis, Ae. Crassa, Ae. columnaris, Ae. cylindrica, Ae. speltoides, Ae. squarrosa. Ae. triaristata. Ae. triuncialis, and Ae. Ovata showed resistance following a 24-hour post-inoculation wet period. With a 36-hour wet period, diploids became only slightly or moderately susceptible and resistant polyploids became susceptible. A 48-hour wet period resulted in still greater susceptibility of both diploid and polyploid species.  相似文献   

动物疫病损失经济学评估方法研究——“标准单位疫病”法     

廖祺  游士兵 《中国农业大学学报》2016,21(8):159-168

为了解区域动物疫病损失情况,在总结疫病损失评估研究成果的理论基础上,提出"标准单位疫病"的经济学损失评估方法。首先以山东省作为标准单位地区,构建了地区的经济损失、社会损失和环境损失评估体系,然后使用熵权法与疫病程度系数相结合,以赤峰市作为待评估地区对"标准单位疫病"法进行了实证模拟分析。评估结果显示,受禽流感影响,2013年山东省总损失为87.628 4亿元,赤峰市总损失为1.555 1亿元。演示"标准单位疫病"法具备了在相关详细数据不完整的客观情况下,对待评估地区的动物疫病损失进行快速评估,从而提供决策参考的能力。  相似文献   

沈阳地区葡萄褐斑病流行规律初步研究     

梁春浩  于舒怡  李海春  臧超群  赵奎华  刘长远 《植物保护》2014,40(6):126-130

通过对沈阳地区‘香悦’葡萄褐斑病流行规律进行初步研究, 认为葡萄褐斑病发生和流行与生育期、温度和相对湿度有密切关系。经过对比分析, Logistic模型可较好地模拟沈阳地区‘香悦’葡萄褐斑病病情指数增长情况。经Logistic模型推导, 该病指数增长期时间为6月下旬至7月上旬; 逻辑斯蒂期时间为7月上旬至9月中旬, 衰退期时间为9月中旬以后, 其中指数增长期是最佳药剂防治时间; 该病指数增长期积温为0~994.2 ℃; 逻辑斯蒂期积温为994.2~3 159.2 ℃; 指数增长期累积湿度为0~3 344.03%, 逻辑斯蒂期累积湿度为3 344.03%~10 439.1%。  相似文献   

环境因素对苹果树腐烂病菌分生孢子萌发与存活的影响     

刘如香  王树桐  司丽丽  陈曲  胡同乐  曹克强 《安徽农业科学》2011,39(26):16009-16012

[目的]对影响苹果树腐烂病菌分生孢子萌发及存活的环境因子进行研究,为防治苹果树腐烂病提供理论依据。[方法]对苹果树腐烂病菌分生孢子的萌发条件、在不同环境下的存活时间进行了测试。[结果]苹果树腐烂病菌分生孢子在清水中不能萌发,在PDA、ABA和RA 3种培养基上24 h萌发率均超过80%。分生孢子在0~35℃均可萌发,但在不同温度下萌发时间有较大差异,最适萌发温度是25℃,24 h萌发率超过90%。在0℃培养18 d,孢子萌发率可达64%。分生孢子角在49℃下10 m in即可致死。腐烂病菌分生孢子萌发率随紫外线强度增加及照射时间延长而显著下降。在室内外分别测试了腐烂病菌分生孢子角的存活时间。在室内,树枝上的腐烂病菌分生孢子角可存活9周,而在树皮上的分生孢子角放置5周即失去萌发能力。在室外,自然背阴条件下,分生孢子可存活2周;而在向阳处经1周,分生孢子即丧失萌发能力。分生孢子在室温下无菌水中可存活5周。[结论]腐烂病菌分生孢子对环境的适应力较强,在冬季的低温下也能萌发造成侵染。  相似文献   

Betanodavirus‐associated mortalities of adult wild groupers Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe) and Epinephelus costae (Steindachner) in Algeria     

H M Kara  L Chaoui  F Derbal  R Zaidi  C de Boisséson  M Baud  L Bigarré 《Journal of fish diseases》2014,37(3):273-278

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果糖的利用现状及其与现代流行病的关系研究进展     

罗雅君  李珂  赵琳  李宗军 《农产品加工．学刊》2013,(10)

果糖作为一种大多数水果中普遍存在的成分,长时间被人们所食用。20世纪70年代果糖生产技术瓶颈获得突破,被商品化应用于饮料、焙烤食品、蜜饯类等诸多食品当中,直至20世纪末期果糖因其甜度高、口感醇、代谢途径不同于蔗糖,而一直被认为是一种可取代蔗糖的具有保健功能的糖类,并推荐作为糖尿病患者的食用糖。近年来,随着研究手段的提高、研究人员对果糖营养学问题的更加关注,很多新的研究发现,果糖的大量食用可导致一些现代常见流行病的发生,如心脏病、心血管疾病、高血压、血液指标异常、增加代谢综合征的出现几率,甚至增加癌症的发病几率。通过对近年来果糖相关的营养学问题、食用安全性问题,以及果糖与现代流行病的关系进行阐述,为合理利用果糖提供一定的参考依据。  相似文献   

养猪场的生物安全方案浅析     

李其松  王胜  黄健  吴春阳  吴玉龙 《猪业科学》2020,37(4):88-91

随着我国社会经济的快速发展,我国畜牧业向着规模化、集约化不断发展,出现了越来越多的养殖集团和养殖集中小区。但疫病流行越来越引人注目,禽流感、布鲁氏菌感染时常成为社会焦点,特别是2018年开始的非洲猪瘟疫情肆虐,至今严重困扰养猪业和广大市民的菜篮子安全。如何有效控制和防御动物疫病的发生及传播,减少疫病的传播和流行,降低疾病对养殖业的损害和压力,清除净化动物重大流行疫病,建立全面的养猪场的生物安全体系,已成为行业从业者共同关注的课题。文章重点对如何建立生物安全体系进行详细阐述。  相似文献   

Species and control of insect pests and major diseases of Torreya grandis merrillii     

Zhongliang Wu  Zhihong Xu  Xiulong Chen  Guolong Jin  Suping Li  Yulin Shen  Xuejun Lang  Zhongcheng Hu  Lihong Chen 《Frontiers of Forestry in China》2006,1(4):464-470

From January 2001 to December 2004, the investigation on the species of insect pests and diseases in Torreya grandis Merrillii was conducted and integrated control technologies of the main insect pests and diseases were studied in Zhuji, Shaoxin, Shenzhou, Dongyang, and Jiande counties of Zhejiang Province. Via field survey, a system of regular observations, 55 species of insect pests belonging to 9 orders and 29 families, and 4 species of diseases were recorded. Among them, Lepteucosma torreyae and Macrolygus torreyae were found to be new species. The biological characteristics of the major insect pests and diseases, such as Rhyncaphytoptus abiesis, Helicobasidium compacum, Erwinia carotovora, Chlorella sp., Macrolygus torreyae, and Lepteucosma torreyae, were primarily recorded, and their outbreaks and epidemics were researched. The forecasting method for Lepteucosma torreyae was established. Based on strengthening cultivation and management, integrated control measures were put forward including physical, biologic and chemical methods. Medications with higher effect and lower toxicity were screened by comparing the effect of different pesticide treatments. __________ Translated from Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College, 2005, 22(5): 545–552 [译自: 浙江林学院学报, 2005, 22(5): 545–552]  相似文献   

Phytophthora infestans's 10-year truce with Holland: a long-term analysis of potato late-blight epidemics in the Netherlands   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. J. Zwankhuizen  J. C. Zadoks ‡ 《Plant pathology》2002,51(4):413-423

A sequence of 47 potato late-blight ( Phytophthora infestans ) epidemics in the Netherlands, from 1950 to 1996, was analysed using agronomic and meteorological variables. The intensity of annual epidemics was characterized by an index of disease intensity (DI, 0 = absence of late blight; 4 = severe epidemic). Three periods were identified, with average DIs of 2·9, 0 and 2, respectively. Period I (1950–68) had relatively regular epidemics; period II (1969–78) was virtually blight free; and period III (1979–96) showed large variations in disease intensity. Disease-enhancing factors were number of days with precipitation, and number of hours with temperatures between 10 and 27°C and relative humidity >90% during the growing season. Limiting factors were number of hours with temperatures >27°C, and amount of global radiation. Linear discriminant analysis of DI using the blight status of the previous year and meteorological variables correctly classified up to 40 years out of 47 (87·0%), with five out of the six incorrectly classified years falling in period III. Blight status of the previous year and number of days with precipitation were important discriminating variables.  相似文献