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黑龙江省和吉林省马铃薯晚疫病菌对氟啶胺和甲霜灵的敏感性变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2006-2008年在黑龙江省和吉林省共分离获得61株马铃薯晚疫病菌,测定了这些菌株对交配型、氟啶胺和甲霜灵的敏感性。交配型测定结果显示所有菌株都显示A1交配型。甲霜灵测定结果显示10个菌株(16.4%)显示为敏感性,11个菌株(18.0%)显示为中抗,40个菌株(65.6%)显示为抗性。这说明吉林省和黑龙江省发生的晚疫病菌已对甲霜灵产生抗性。氟啶胺敏感性测定结果表明,不同地区、不同年份分离的马铃薯晚疫病菌对氟啶胺的敏感性无显著差异, 其敏感性呈连续的单峰曲线分布, EC50在0.203 3~0.783 7 μg/mL之间, 最不敏感菌株是最敏感菌株的3.85倍, 平均值为(0.4781±0.0163)μg/mL, 未出现敏感性下降的抗药性群体, 因此可作为马铃薯晚疫病菌对氟啶胺的敏感性基线;83.6%的供试菌株对甲霜灵的敏感性下降, 甲霜灵与氟啶胺之间不存在交互抗药性。测定氟啶胺对马铃薯晚疫病的盆栽防治试验结果表明,氟啶胺可湿性粉剂、氟啶胺悬浮剂和烯酰吗啉能很好地控制晚疫病,防治效果分别为85.71%、87.00%、82.19%,而甲霜灵的为23.92%。 相似文献
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柑橘全爪螨是一种世界性害螨, 目前对许多药剂已经产生抗性。药剂复配是治理抗性问题, 延长药剂使用寿命的重要手段。为筛选出增效明显的复配新产品, 本文选取联苯肼酯作为标准药剂, 与阿维菌素和氟啶胺分别进行复配, 并采用叶碟喷雾法测定其联合毒力及增效作用。结果表明, 联苯肼酯、阿维菌素和氟啶胺的单剂LC50分别为16.43、0.29 mg/L和12.63 mg/L。联苯肼酯与阿维菌素复配比例为19∶1和15∶5的共毒系数分别为135.02和158.40, 具有增效作用。联苯肼酯与氟啶胺在6∶4、7∶3、5∶5、9∶1、8∶2复配比例的共毒系数分别为466.28、410.61、370.22、311.15和275.85, 增效作用显著。 相似文献
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I. Opatovsky M. Elbaz I. Dori L. Avraham S. Mordechai-Lebiush A. Dombrovsky L. Tsror 《Plant pathology》2019,68(4):790-795
One of the economically important diseases of lettuce is lettuce big-vein disease (LBVD), which leads to severe yield losses. LBVD is associated with a complex of two viruses, Lettuce big-vein associated virus (LBVaV) and Mirafiori lettuce big-vein virus (MLBVV). These viruses are transmitted by motile zoospores of Olpidium spp. fungi, which persist in the soil for decades through resting spores. In greenhouse and field experiments, this study tested whether changing plant and soil temperatures together with fungicide application would have a significant effect on controlling LBVD in lettuce. Soil fumigation with metam sodium was not effective at controlling the disease, as opposed to treatment with chloropicrin and methyl bromide. Moreover, the fungicides carbendazim and fluazinam were effective in reducing the incidence of Olpidium virulentus. Nevertheless, control of the fungal vector did not seem to be sufficient to control the disease due to the transition ability of the virus under low vector abundance. Crop covers, which affect the favourable environmental conditions for the viruses by lowering soil temperature and raising air temperature, reduced the disease symptoms. Combining fungicides with crop cover had a synergistic effect on reducing disease symptoms, thus providing a sustainable solution for LBVD. 相似文献
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The molecular profile and the biological response of isolates of Pyricularia oryzae Cavara obtained from ctenanthe to two strobilurins (azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl) and the phenylpyridinamine fungicide fluazinam were characterized, and compared with isolates from rice plants. Five different isozymes (alpha-esterase, lactate, malate, isocitrate and sorbitol dehydrogenases) and five random decamer primers for RAPD-PCR were used to generate molecular markers. Using unweighted pair-group with arithmetic average analysis, ctenanthe isolates were found to form a separate group distinct from that of the rice isolates for both sets of markers. Amplified polymorphic sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b that were digested with Fnu4HI or StyI revealed no differences among Pyricularia isolates at amino acid positions 143 or 129 which confer resistance to strobilurins in several fungi. In absence of the alternative respiration inhibitor salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) the three fungicides showed inferior and variable efficacy, with a trend toward the rice isolate being less sensitive. The addition of SHAM enhanced the effectiveness of all fungicides against isolates regardless of their origin. Appressorium formation was the most vulnerable target of action of the respiration inhibitors and azoxystrobin the most effective. This is the first report of a comparison between the molecular profiles and sensitivities to respiration inhibitors for Pyricularia oryzae isolates from a non-gramineous host and from rice. 相似文献
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Summary Field experiments between 1996 and 2000 compared the efficacy of fungicide programmes applied in accordance with the NegFry
and Met éireann (Mé) decision support systems (DSS) for the control of late blight with 7- and 10-day routine fungicide programmes.
The Mé DSS reduced fungicide use by 68% and 54% respectively while NegFry reduced fungicide use by 49% and 27% compared with
the 7- and 10-day programmes. The NegFry DSS was similar to the 10-day routine programme in terms of late blight control,
quality and marketable yield. A similar result was found when the NegFry DSS was compared with a 7-day routine mancozeb programme
(included for two seasons only). Within the NegFry DSS the use of fluazinam resulted in improved yield, foliage blight and
tuber blight control compared with mancozeb, but this benefit was significant for tuber blight only. The Mé DSS resulted in
inferior disease control, yield and quality. 相似文献
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氟啶胺对白菜根肿病的防治效果 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
白菜根肿病是威胁大白菜生产的一种土传性病害。为了筛选对白菜根肿病有效的杀菌剂,在室内和田间利用灌根方法测定氟啶胺对白菜根肿病的防治效果。室内药效测定结果显示氟啶胺乳油(有效质量浓度2.5和5μL·mL-1)的防治效果分别为89.9%和89.5%,均高于甲基硫菌灵的防治效果88%。氟啶胺乳油(有效质量浓度5和2.5μL·mL-1)的田间防治效果分别为77.6%和69.4%,均高于甲基硫菌灵的防治效果37.4%。结果表明,氟啶胺乳油可以用来防治白菜根肿病。 相似文献
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气相色谱电子捕获法测定氟啶胺在辣椒和土壤中动态残留 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
【目的】建立辣椒和土壤中氟啶胺残留的分析方法,探明氟啶胺在辣椒田中使用后的残留行为,为安全施药提供依据。【方法】采用田间试验法研究氟啶胺在辣椒和土壤中的残留消解动态。【结果】氟啶胺在辣椒中半衰期为2.5～3.7 d,土壤中为1.2～4.2 d。使用氟啶胺50%悬浮剂,制剂用量为495 g•ha-1。（有效成分247.5 g•ha-1）,施药4次, 距末次施药后7 d收获的辣椒中氟啶胺残留量小于0.06 mg•kg-1,低于韩国规定的最大残留限量值（0.3 mg•kg-1）。【结论】该分析方法操作简单,精密度、准确度和灵敏度都符合农药残留标准要求,适用于辣椒和土壤中的氟啶胺残留测定;建议氟啶胺50%悬浮剂在辣椒上防治病害,最多使用4次,用量为247.5～495 g•ha-1（有效成分123.75～247.5 g•ha-1）,安全间隔期为7 d。 相似文献
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为明确福建省玉米小斑病菌Cochliobolus heterostrophus对氟啶胺的敏感性及其与不同杀菌剂间的交互抗性,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了该省5个地区的73株玉米小斑病菌菌株对氟啶胺的敏感性。结果表明,供试73株玉米小斑病菌菌株对氟啶胺具有较高的敏感性,所有菌株的有效抑制中浓度EC50在0.0023~1.2863 μg/mL之间,平均值为0.2573 μg/mL,其敏感性频率呈连续单峰曲线分布,符合正态分布,因此可将EC50平均值0.2573 μg/mL作为福建省玉米小斑病菌对氟啶胺的敏感基线;5个地区的菌株群体对氟啶胺的敏感性差异不显著,但是不同地区的菌株个体间差异较大;氟啶胺与多菌灵、百菌清、丙环唑、烯唑醇、咪鲜胺和异菌脲之间均不存在交互抗性。 相似文献