Toxigenic Fusarium species and Mycotoxins Associated with Head Blight in Small-Grain Cereals in Europe     

Antonio Bottalico  Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2002,108(7):611-624

The Fusarium species predominantly found associated with Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat and other small-grain cereals all over Europe are F. graminearum, F. avenaceum and F. culmorum. Among the less frequently encountered species are several others which are less pathogenic or opportunistic, but also toxigenic. These include F. poae, F. cerealis F. equiseti F. sporotrichioides F. tricinctum and, to a lesser extent, F. acuminatum F. subglutinans F. solani F. oxysporum F. verticillioides F. semitectum and F. proliferatum. The species profile of FHB is due to several factors, primarily climatic conditions, particularly rain and the temperature at flowering stage, but also agronomic factors, such as soil cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, fungicides, crop rotation, and host genotype. The most frequently encountered Fusarium mycotoxins in FHB in Europe has proved to be deoxynivalenol and zearalenone produced by F. graminearum and F. culmorum with the former more common in southern (warmer) and the latter in northern (colder) European areas. Nivalenol was usually found associated with deoxynivalenol and its derivatives (mono-acetyldeoxynivalenols), together with fusarenone-X, formed by F. graminearum F. cerealis F. culmorum and, in northern areas, by F. poae. Moreover, from central to northern European countries, moniliformin has been consistently reported, as a consequence of the widespread distribution of F. avenaceum whereas the occurrence of T-2 toxin derivatives, such as T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin, and diacetoxyscirpenol have been recorded in conjunction with sporadic epidemics of F. sporotrichioides and F. poae. Finally, beauvericin and various enniatins have recently been found in Finnish wheat colonized by F.avenaceum and F. poae.  相似文献   

Determination of deoxynivalenol- and nivalenol-producing chemotypes of Fusarium graminearum isolated from wheat crops in England and Wales     

P. Jennings †  M. E. Coates  K. Walsh  J. A. Turner  P. Nicholson 《Plant pathology》2004,53(5):643-652

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蛇床子素对小麦赤霉病菌葡萄糖、钙吸收和三磷酸腺苷酶活性的抑制   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

沈寿国  石志琦  徐朗莱  范永坚 《农药学学报》2005,7(2):135-139

蛇床子素可抑制小麦赤霉病菌菌丝生长干重;含有14C标记的葡萄糖培养基中培养小麦赤霉病菌,以100 μg/mL蛇床子素处理,其菌体内14C放射强度比对照降低43％,表明蛇床子素能抑制小麦赤霉病菌对葡萄糖的吸收;以100 μg/mL蛇床子素处理小麦赤霉病菌12 h,菌体内总钙含量仅为对照的60%,表明蛇床子素能抑制菌体对钙的吸收;蛇床子素处理对β-1,6-葡聚糖酶活性没有显著影响;离体条件下,蛇床子素能抑制小麦赤霉病菌三磷酸腺苷(ATP)酶活性。  相似文献   

禾谷镰刀菌和稻瘟病菌基因组中的微卫星序列比较   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李成云  李进斌  刘林  杨静  周晓罡 《植物保护学报》2005,32(3):251-255

利用禾谷镰刀菌Fusarium graminearum和稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe grisea基因组测序结果,对这两种植物病原真菌基因组中的微卫星(SSR)序列进行了系统地分析和比较.结果表明,在禾谷镰刀菌基因组中,共发现4679个SSR序列,总长度为96.2kb,占基因组全长的0.27%.平均7.7kb碱基中有一个大于15 bp的SSR序列.在稻瘟病菌基因组中共发现16398个SSR系列,其总长度达到330kb,约占整个基因全长的0.85%,平均2.36kb碱基中就分布有1个SSR序列.在禾谷镰刀菌基因组中,数量最多的是五碱基重复序列,其次是六碱基重复序列;稻瘟病菌基因组中数量最多的是单碱基重复序列,其次为三碱基重复序列和五碱基重复序列.两基因组中数量最少的都是二碱基重复序列.尽管这两种植物病原真菌都属子囊菌,基因组大小也十分接近,但无论是在SSR的总体数量上,还是在各类SSR的分布上,两种植物病原真菌都存在十分显著的差别.  相似文献   

禾谷镰孢菌对多菌灵的敏感性基线及抗药性菌株生物学性质研究   总被引：48，自引：5，他引：48  

周明国  王建新 《植物病理学报》2001,31(4):365-370

 引起小麦赤霉病的禾谷镰孢菌(Fusarium graminearum)在华东地区对多菌灵已出现了高水平抗药性。本文报道了F.graminearum对多菌灵的敏感性基线及其抗药性菌株生物学特性。离体条件下多菌灵对100个野生敏感型菌株的平均EC₅₀和MIC值分别为0.5748±0.0133 μg/ml和 < 1.4μg/ml。而对50个抗药性菌株的平均EC₅₀和MIC值则分别为9.2375μg/ml和 > 100 μg/ml。在麦穗上多菌灵对50个敏感菌株和抗药性菌株防效的平均EC₅₀分别为282.6 μg/ml和 > 2 000μg/ml。从田间获得的抗多菌灵菌株对苯菌灵、噻菌灵、甲基托布津表现交互抗药性,但不同于室内突变菌株,对乙霉威不表现负交互抗药性。抗药性菌株的无性和有性繁殖后代以及在无药培养基上菌丝体转代培养后,抗药水平保持不变。抗药性菌株的菌丝生长速率、产孢能力及致病力等与敏感菌株相比没有差异。  相似文献   

高温胁迫对禾谷镰孢生长和致病力的影响          下载免费PDF全文

徐庆  王奥霖  聂晓  刘伟  张昊  曹世勤  范洁茹  周益林 《植物保护》2024,50(1):129-136

为探究高温胁迫对禾谷镰孢生长和致病力的影响, 本研究测定了禾谷镰孢5株耐高温菌株和4株温度敏感型菌株在25℃和30℃下的菌丝生长速率、产孢量、孢子萌发率以及不同胁迫压力下的生长速率、致病力和DON毒素含量等。结果表明, 不论耐高温菌株还是温度敏感型菌株, 30℃高温对其菌丝生长均有抑制作用, 但对产孢量和孢子萌发有促进作用;30℃高温能减轻NaCl和CaCl2胁迫对禾谷镰孢生长的抑制, 但是不影响KCl、刚果红, SDS和H2O2对病原菌的抑制作用;在30℃下, 大部分耐高温菌株的致病力不变或降低, 而大部分温度敏感型菌株的致病力反而增加, 30℃对大部分菌株的DON毒素产量有一定促进作用。研究结果可为研究气候变化下小麦赤霉病的流行和预测提供理论基础。  相似文献   

肌动蛋白结合蛋白FgAbp1参与禾谷镰孢生长、发育和毒素体形成     

张承启  王晓妍  陈莉 《中国农业科学》2021,54(13):2759-2768

【目的】Abp1作为肌动蛋白结合蛋白家族成员之一,在各种真核生物肌动蛋白骨架形成过程中具有核心作用。本研究旨在分析禾谷镰孢（Fusarium graminearum）中肌动蛋白结合蛋白FgAbp1在生长发育、对新型杀菌剂氰烯菌酯敏感性以及毒素体形成等生物学过程中的功能。【方法】利用融合PCR和酵母空隙修复技术分别构建FgAbp1基因敲除打靶片段和融合荧光蛋白载体,再通过聚乙二醇介导的原生质体转化的方法获取基因缺失突变体ΔFgAbp1和荧光标记菌株。观察比较野生型PH-1、突变体ΔFgAbp1和回补体ΔFgAbp1-C的菌丝生长、有性生殖以及无性繁殖,并测定基因敲除突变体ΔFgAbp1对杀菌剂氰烯菌酯的敏感性。通过融合绿色荧光蛋白,明确FgAbp1在菌丝中的分布情况;利用透射电子显微镜观察分析FgAbp1对细胞中液泡/囊泡形态的影响。在非产毒环境和诱导产毒条件下,通过双荧光共定位分析FgAbp1在禾谷镰孢毒素体形成过程中的作用。【结果】禾谷镰孢中,FgAbp1主要呈颗粒状定位于近细胞膜处。在MM培养基中,基因敲除突变体ΔFgAbp1的生长速率与野生型相比降低了15%,但在营养丰富的CM中ΔFgAbp1的生长速率却减慢了38%。突变体ΔFgAbp1在无性繁殖以及有性生殖过程中相较野生型没有明显缺陷。然而在0.5 μg·mL^-1氰烯菌酯的作用下,ΔFgAbp1的菌丝生长完全受到抑制,并且分生孢子萌发率显著下降。此外,敲除基因FgAbp1导致细胞中液泡不能正常形成且囊泡增多。在非产毒条件下,FgAbp1与DON毒素合成关键酶Tri1共定位于囊泡中;在诱导产毒条件下,FgAbp1与Tri1则共定位于毒素体中。此外,敲除基因FgAbp1会导致毒素体不能正常形成。【结论】肌动蛋白结合蛋白FgAbp1在禾谷镰孢营养生长、发育、氰烯菌酯敏感性以及毒素体形成过程中发挥着重要作用。  相似文献   

玉米禾谷镰孢穗腐病抗性鉴定接种方法比较     

贾娇  张伟  孟玲敏  白雪  吴宏斌  王义生  张玉榕  苏前富 《玉米科学》2022,30(5):149-155

通过子粒注射法和花丝通道法,在玉米吐丝初期至乳熟后期间隔 5～127 d接种 3个不同玉米品种,明确东北地区玉米禾谷镰孢穗腐病抗性鉴定的最佳接种方法。结果发现,禾谷镰孢在玉米吐丝期至乳熟期均能侵染玉米子粒和花丝。子粒注射法在玉米吐丝 1～12 d内接种的病情指数显著高于 16 d以后接种的处理;花丝通道法在玉米吐丝 1～5 d内的病情指数显著高于 12 d以后接种的处理。子粒注射法的抗性鉴定结果为吐丝 1 d接种的果穗表现为感病,吐丝 5～12 d为中抗或抗病,吐丝 16 d之后为抗病或高抗;花丝通道法接种的结果为吐丝 1 d为中抗或抗,吐丝 5 d及以后为抗或高抗。结果表明,子粒注射法在玉米吐丝 10～15 d左右接种发病稳定、抗感差异明显、鉴定结果准确。  相似文献   

Types and components of resistance to Fusarium head blight of wheat   总被引：18，自引：2，他引：18  

A. Mesterházy 《Plant Breeding》1995,114(5):377-386

Resistance of wheat to Fusarium head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum was identified in natural epidemics in 1985 and 1987 as well after artificial inoculations (1983–1988 and 1984–1987). Out of 25 genotypes tested, five were identified with no significant difference in head blight scores, but differing significantly in yield after artificial inoculation, i.e. tolerance differences were detected at different resistance levels. Some genotypes that were similar in yield or head blight scores differed in seed infection severity. Genotypes with awns were more susceptible to head blight when tested under natural epidemic condition in the field; but this trait did not influence head blight severity in artificial inoculations. Dwarf genotypes were more severely infected by head blight than tall genotypes under natural conditions, but genotypes of different plant height classes were similarly susceptible after artificial inoculations. In the early generations of a breeding programme resistance measured by visual evaluation of artificial inoculation is the most important way to screen. If selection of dwarf and awned genotypes cannot be avoided, the higher susceptibility caused by awns and dwarfness under natural epidemic conditions can be decreased by a higher level of physiological resistance, as variability in physiological resistance is available. In later generations, traits like percentage of seed infection or tolerance can be identified by additionally measuring yield reduction. Stability of disease reaction appears to be connected with resistance level, the most resistant genotypes are the most stable, and the most susceptible ones tend to have more unstable reactions in different epidemic conditions.  相似文献   

Sources of resistance to head scab in Triticum   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Wan Yong-Fang  Yen Chi  Yang Jun-Liang 《Euphytica》1997,94(1):31-36

Multi-floret and single-floret injection inoculation methods were used to test 1076 accessions of Triticum for resistance to initial infection and resistance to pathogen spread within spike tissue respectively. The data obtained between years or inoculation dates were comparatively similar and were little influenced by climatic factors, especially humid condition. All the tested materials uniformly exhibited susceptibility to initial infection, but there were great differences in resistance to spread among species or cultivars. The diploid and tetraploid wheats were severely susceptible. Only 30 genotypes of common wheat of T. aestivum concv. vulgare showed high resistance to spread. The highest frequency of high spread resistance existed in these landraces which were distributed in Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu provinces and Shanghai City, Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces ranked second. The majority of wheat landraces from Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi Province and Beijing City showed susceptibility or high susceptibility. No resistance was found in Tibetian wheats. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献