欧洲葡萄‘粉红亚都蜜’NAC基因DRL1负向调节植物抗旱性     

朱自果  阴启忠  张庆田  韩真  张倩  李勃 《园艺学报》2020,47(12):2290-2300

以欧洲葡萄‘粉红亚都蜜’（Vitis vinifera‘Yatomo Rose’）为材料，利用荧光定量PCR技术和转基因技术研究葡萄NAC转录因子DRL1基因对逆境的响应。欧洲葡萄‘粉红亚都蜜’在激素和逆境胁迫下，DRL1表达呈下降趋势，其中以ABA和干旱胁迫处理最为显著。在ABA处理下DRL1转基因烟草株系种子萌发率和根长均高于野生型。干旱处理下，转基因植株对干旱的耐受性降低，同时胁迫相关基因NtLEA5、NtP5CR1、NtPSCS1、NtERD10C和NtDREB3的表达水平比野生型显著下降。此外，DRL1转基因烟草茎中柱发育受到抑制，尤其是导管横切面积仅为野生型的58%。以上结果表明，DRL1基因可能作为1个负向调节子参与植物的干旱胁迫。  相似文献   

巨峰葡萄晚秋叶施^15N—尿素的吸收,运转,贮藏和再分配   总被引：20，自引：2，他引：18  

管长志  曾骧S 《园艺学报》1993,20(3):237-242

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Changes in the MHC Class II+ Dendritic Cell Population of Ovine Skin In Response to Orf Virus Infection     

DAVID McEWAN JENKINSON  GLYNNIS HUTCHISON  SILAS K. ONWUKA  HUGH W. REID 《Veterinary dermatology》1991,2(1):1-9

Abstract— Class II+ dendritic cells were widely distributed throughout normal ovine skin in two main locations: a) in or immediately adjacent to the epidermis and epidermal appendages and b) in the vicinity of the blood vessels. They are unlikely to represent a homogeneous population particularly since Langerhans cells, which previously have been found throughout the epidermal appendages, were located only in the epidermis using acetylcholinesterase staining. Following infection with orf virus, a dense mass of closely associated class II+ dendritic cells develops in the exposed necrotising dermis, adjacent to infected hair follicles and under infected degenerating epidermis. These cells interact and appear to form a barrier to invasion, a framework for immune defence and a template for subsequent epidermal repair; they seem to provide the basis of a highly integrated local dermal defence system. Résumé— Des cellules dendritiques de classe II+étaient largement réparties dans la peau ovine normale dans deux principales zones a) dans l'épiderme et les annexes épidermiques ou dans leur voisnage immédiat b) au voisinage des vaisseaux sanguins. Il est peu probable qu'elles représentant une population homogène particulièrement parce que les cellules de Langerhaps, qui ont été découvertes précédemment dans l'ensemble des annexes épidermiques, furent localisées seulement dans l'épiderme en utilisant une coloration à l'acétylcholinesterase. Après une infection par le virus de l'ecthyma, il se forme une masse dense de cellules dendritiques de classe II+étroitement associées, dans le derme nécrotique atteint, adjacente aux follicules pileux infectés et sous l'épiderme dégénératif infecté. Ces cellules interagissent et apparaissent former une barrière à l'invasion, un cadre pour les défenses immunitaires et un patron pour la réparation épidermique ultérieure; elles semblent fournir les bases d'un système de défense dermique local hautement intégré. Zusammenfassung— Klasse II+-Dendritenzellen waren in der gesamten Haut von normalen Schafen in vorwiegend zwei Bereichen verbreitet: a) in oder unmittelbar neben der Epidermis und der epidermalen Anhangsgebiete und b) in dor Nähe dar Blutgefäße. Sie stellen wahrscheinlich keine homogène Population dar, da die Langerhanszellen, die früher übarall in den epidermalen Anhangsgebilden nachgewiesen wurden, bei Acetylcholinesterase-Färbung nur in der Epidermis zu finden waren. Nach einer Orf-Virus-Infektion formiert sich eine dichte Masse aus eng verbundenen Klasse II+-Dendritenzellen in der betroffenen nekrotisierenden Dermis unmittelbar neben den infizierten Haarfollikeln und unter der infizierten, degenerierenden Epidermis. Diese Zellen stehen untereinander in Verbindung und bilden anscheinend eine Barrière gegen die Invasion, ein Gorüst für die Immunabwehr und einen Ausgangs punkt für die anschließenden Reparaturvorgänge in der Epidermis. Sie scheinen als Basis eines hochentwickelten lokalen Abwehrsystems der Haut zu fungieren. Resumen Células dendríticas de class II+ se observaron en gran cantidad en la piel de la oveja especialmente en dos localizaciones: a) en la epidermis, en la dermis muy próxima a la epidermis y en anejos cutáneos y b) en las proximidades de los vasos sanguíneos. No parece tratarse de una población homogénea de células puesto que las células de Langerhans, que previamente se habían encontrado en los anejos epidérmicos, se encontraron únicamente en la epidermis utilizando técnicas de detección del acetilcol-inesterasa. Después de la infección con el virus del ectima contagioso ovino se observó una masa de células dendríticas de clase II, dispuestas de forma muy densa, en las proximidades de la dermis necrosada y de los folículos pilosos y de la epidermis infectada. Eatas células interaccionan entre si y parecen formar una barrera contra la invasión, una red inmunitaria de defensa y participar en la reparación de la epidermis; parece ser que esta población de células dendriticas son la base de un sistema de defensa dérmico local altamente integrado.  相似文献   

中国葡萄野生种对葡萄根癌病的抗性   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

柴菊华  贺普超  程廉  崔彦志 《园艺学报》1997,(2)

通过田间接种鉴定，系统研究了中国葡萄属１３个种和变种的２６个株系对葡萄根癌病的抗性，筛选出高抗株系１０个。其中燕山葡萄（♀）因扦插容易生根，可用自根苗作为抗葡萄根癌病砧木进行嫁接试验，其余可用作抗葡萄根癌病的育种资源  相似文献   

Secretion of Natural and Synthetic Toxic Compounds from Filamentous Fungi by Membrane Transporters of the ATP-binding Cassette and Major Facilitator Superfamily   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Ioannis Stergiopoulos  Lute-Harm Zwiers  Maarten A. De Waard 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2002,108(7):719-734

This review provides an overview of members of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and major facilitator superfamily (MFS) of transporters identified in filamentous fungi. The most common function of these membrane proteins is to provide protection against natural toxic compounds present in the environment of fungi, such as antibiotics produced by other microorganisms. In plant pathogenic fungi, these transporters can also be an important determinant of virulence on host plants by providing protection against plant defence compounds or mediating the secretion of host-specific toxins. Furthermore, they play a critical role in determining base-line sensitivity to fungicides and other antimycotic agents. Overexpression of some of these transporters can lead to the development of resistance to chemically-unrelated compounds, a phenomenon described as multidrug resistance (MDR). This has been observed in a variety of organisms and can impose a serious threat to the effective control of pathogenic fungi.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity in populations of the fungi Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum on grapevine in France   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

B. Borie  L. Jacquiot  I. Jamaux-Despréaux  P. Larignon  J.-P. Péros † 《Plant pathology》2002,51(1):85-96

Isolates of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora ( Phc ) and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum ( Pha ), two haploid, deuteromycetous fungi, were obtained from vines showing symptoms of esca disease in different localities in two French regions, and within a single vineyard in one of these regions. The population genetic structure was determined in both fungi using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Populations of Phc showed similar levels of diversity at local and regional levels. The most frequent Phc haplotypes were found in every population, and the frequencies of positive alleles of markers were similar across populations. The hypothesis that recombination had occurred was rejected for the full set of samples, but not for the samples reduced to haplotypes, indicating that Phc may be a recombining species. Different features were identified in Pha populations. First, the southern population of Pha appeared more diverse than the south-western populations. Second, genetic differentiation was identified between Pha populations from southern and south-western regions for several RAPDs. Finally, in the southern population of Pha no evidence for recombination was obtained, even by reducing the sample to haplotypes. Within the single vineyard surveyed, several haplotypes of both fungi were recovered and randomly distributed. Thus different infection events appeared to have occurred on a low spatial scale. Data from this study showed that haplotypes of both fungi were distributed over long distances geographically, and that most of the vineyards surveyed were infested by more than one haplotype of Phc and Pha .  相似文献   

Seasonal distribution of phytoplasmas in Australian grapevines   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

F. E. Constable †§  K. S. Gibb  R. H. Symons 《Plant pathology》2003,52(3):267-276

The distribution and persistence of phytoplasmas were determined in Australian grapevines. Phytoplasmas could be detected using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from shoots, cordons, trunks and roots throughout the year, and phytoplasmas appear to persistently infect Australian grapevines from year to year. Phytoplasmas were not always detected in samples from the same sampling area from one sampling period to the next. Phytoplasma detection by PCR was improved by sampling from shoots, cordons and trunks, especially during October (early spring). The diseases expressed by the 20 grapevines used in the distribution and persistence studies were monitored. Australian grapevine yellows disease (AGY) was expressed by 17/20 grapevines at some time during the study, whilst only 4/20 and 15/20 grapevines expressed restricted growth disease (RG) and late season leaf curl disease (LSLC), respectively. All grapevines with RG and LSLC also had AGY. The three diseases were persistently expressed in some grapevines and remission of disease was observed in others. The results of PCR detection in the same grapevines indicated that phytoplasmas were more frequently detected in AGY-affected grapevines that also expressed RG and LSLC compared with grapevines expressing AGY alone. Phytoplasmas were detected in symptomless plant material but less frequently compared with AGY-affected material.  相似文献   

利用钾吸收基因表达评价葡萄叶面喷施钾肥效果和喷施浓度   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

张成  贾海锋  王剑  纠松涛  王梦琦 《植物营养与肥料学报》2016,22(4):1091-1101

【目的】叶面喷施钾肥可以快速、 高效地为葡萄补充钾营养,促进葡萄的高产和优质,已经被广泛应用于葡萄生产中。本实验通过对葡萄叶面喷施不同种类及浓度钾肥,测定葡萄叶片和果实等生理指标变化,以及钾吸收相关基因的表达变化,从生理和基因水平上评价这些钾肥的喷施效果,为葡萄生产中钾肥的施用提供一定指导。【方法】本实验以‘夏黑’葡萄为试材,选择两个葡萄生长关键时期盛花期和果实膨大期分别对葡萄叶片喷施0.2%、 0.5%和0.8%三种浓度的K2SO4、 K2CO3、 K2SO4·2MgSO4和KCl。然后对葡萄叶片和新梢的生长率,坐果率,叶绿素含量,单粒重,可溶性固形物等生理指标进行统计分析,并利用荧光定量PCR技术分析4个钾吸收相关基因VvHAK13、 VvKEA2、 VvSIRK和VvSORK的表达情况。【结果】叶面喷施4种钾肥后,葡萄叶片和新梢的生长率,坐果率,叶绿素含量,单粒重,可溶性固形物等各项生理指标均有不同程度的提升。钾肥种类不同,最适喷施浓度不同,同种钾肥在葡萄盛花期和果实膨大期的最适喷施浓度也有所不同,四种钾肥在果实膨大期的最适喷施浓度普遍高于盛花期。四个钾吸收相关基因在喷施不同种类及浓度钾肥后也表现出不同的表达模式,总体来讲VvKEA2、 VvSIRK 、 VvSORK的表达上调,而VvHAK13的表达下调。果实膨大期,需喷施较高浓度的钾肥,钾吸收相关基因才表现出较强烈的响应,而在盛花期则只需喷施较低浓度的钾肥。综合生理指标和基因表达两方面结果,得出4种钾肥效果依次为K2SO4·2MgSO4＞K2SO4＞K2CO3＞KCl。盛花期K2SO4和K2CO3的最适喷施浓度为0.5%,K2SO4·2MgSO4和KCl的最适喷施浓度为0.2%; 果实膨大期K2SO4、 K2SO4·2MgSO4和KCl的最适喷施浓度为0.5%,K2CO3的最适喷施浓度为0.8%。【结论】葡萄叶面喷施钾肥可以有效促进葡萄叶片和果实的生长发育,四种钾肥的效果依此为: K2SO4·2MgSO4＞K2SO4＞K2CO3＞KCl。盛花期K2SO4和K2CO3的最适喷施浓度为0.5%,K2SO4·2MgSO4和KCl的最适喷施浓度为0.2%; 果实膨大期K2SO4、 K2SO4·2MgSO4和KCl的最适喷施浓度为0.5%,K2CO3的最适喷施浓度为0.8%。适宜的喷施浓度可以有效提高钾吸收相关基因的表达,是其提高钾吸收利用的机理之一。  相似文献   

Omics studies of citrus,grape and rosaceae fruit trees     

Katsuhiro Shiratake  Mami Suzuki 《Breeding Science》2016,66(1):122-138

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Identification of endophytic fungi of grapevine with emphasis on the causal agents of grapevine trunk disease in the vineyards of Zanjan Province in Iran     

Saeid Ghasemi Esfahlan  Roghayeh Hemmati  Shohreh Mohebbi  Jacqueline Batley  Mahdi Arzanlou 《Forest Pathology》2023,53(1):e12784

Trunk disease is a major problem on grapevine in Zanjan province, causing serious decline, despite which its aetiology remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors involved in grapevine decline in vineyards of Zanjan province. Samples were collected from twigs and branches of grapevines in the region between October and November 2018. Fungal isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics and ITS-rDNA sequence data for selected isolates. The frequency and diversity of the fungal community recovered from grapevines in Darreh Sejin in Zanjan province were higher than in other regions. A total of 112 fungal isolates comprising 22 species were recovered. Phaeoacremonium minimum, Microsphaeropsis olivacea and Kalmusia variispora were identified as the dominant species in the region examined and could be considered the main trunk pathogens of grapevines in Zanjan region. In inoculation tests, M. olivacea was proved to be pathogenic on grapevine for the first time in this study.  相似文献