Long-term variation in brown trout, Salmo trutta L., stocking success in a large lake: interplay between availability of suitable prey and size at release     

P. Hyvärinen  A. Huusko 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2005,14(4):303-310

Abstract –  Factors affecting long-term variation in brown trout, Salmo trutta L., stocking success were examined in a large lake, Lake Oulujärvi, in central Finland. Brown trout were stocked in spring (late May to early June) in 1974–1991 and in summer (late June to early July) in 1992–2001. The biomass of the vendace, Coregonus albula (L.), population (prey) at release time had the largest positive effect on stocking success within both periods: biomass of adult vendace in spring and both 0+ and adult vendace in summer. Increasing the size of stocked fish had a positive effect if the vendace available at release were only adults. The increasing trend of predator-catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) [combined CPUE of northern pike Esox lucius L., burbot Lota lota (L.), and pike-perch Stizostedion lucioperca (L.)] through the study period and its negative effect on trout stocking success suggested an increasing effect of predation within the entire time series.  相似文献   

A test for interaction between brown trout (Salmo trutta) and inanga (Galaxias maculatus) in an artificial stream     

G. J. Glova 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2003,12(4):247-253

Abstract –  The interaction between brown trout ( Salmo trutta ; fork length (FL) range 255–390 mm) and inanga ( Galaxias maculatus ; FL range 55–115 mm) was tested during summer through autumn in an artificial stream consisting of a single run-riffle-pool sequence with a natural food supply. Each experimental trial lasted for 15 days, and consisted of two brown trout and 50 inanga collected fresh from a nearby stream, with each species given prior residence in four replicate tests, totalling eight trials in all. In addition, two control trials (each 10 days), with 50 inanga in each, were run. Brown trout almost exclusively occupied the pool, whereas inanga occupied all habitat types, although in different proportions, when tested with and without brown trout. The proportion of inanga in the pool was appreciably lower in the experimental trials with brown trout than in the control trials with no brown trout; prior residence had no significant effect on inanga habitat use. Mortality of inanga attributable to predation by brown trout ranged from 0 to 40% with a mean of 14.5 ± 4.7%. The results suggest that habitat use and survival of inanga populations in small streams can be adversely affected by brown trout.  相似文献   

Predation on native sculpin by exotic brown trout exceeds that by native cutthroat trout within a mountain watershed (Logan,UT, USA)          下载免费PDF全文

Christy S. Meredith  Phaedra Budy  Gary P. Thiede 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2015,24(1):133-147

We explored potential negative effects of exotic brown trout (Salmo trutta) on native sculpin (Cottus sp.) on the Logan River, Utah, USA by (i) examining factors most strongly correlated with sculpin abundance (e.g., abiotic conditions or piscivory?), (ii) contrasting the extent of brown trout predation on sculpin with that by native cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii utah) and (iii) estimating the number of sculpin consumed by brown trout along an elevational gradient using bioenergetics. Abundance of sculpin across reaches showed a strong (r ≥ 0.40) and significant (P < 0.05) correlation with physical variables describing width (positive) and gradient (negative), but not with abundance of piscivorous brown trout or cutthroat trout. In mainstem reaches containing sculpin, we found fish in 0% of age‐1, 10% of age‐2 and 33% of age‐3 and older brown trout diets. Approximately 81% of fish consumed by brown trout were sculpin. Despite a similar length–gape relationship for native cutthroat trout, we found only two fish (one sculpin and one unknown) in the diets of native cutthroat trout similar in size to age‐3 brown trout. Based on bioenergetics, we estimate that an average large (> 260 mm) brown trout consumes as many as 34 sculpin per year. Nevertheless, results suggest that sculpin abundance in this system is controlled by abiotic factors and not brown trout predation. Additional research is needed to better understand how piscivory influences brown trout invasion success, including in‐stream experiments exploring trophic dynamics and interactions between brown trout and native prey under different environmental conditions.  相似文献   

溪岸蠼螋对棉铃虫的捕食能力     

田彩红  张俊逸  徐存翊  李国平  黄建荣  刘毅  王根松  封洪云  尹新明  封洪强 《植物保护》2023,49(1):157-163

为明确棉田溪岸蠼螋 Labidura riparia 对棉铃虫的控害潜能, 在实验室条件下观察和测定了溪岸蠼螋不同龄期的若虫、雌雄成虫对棉铃虫幼虫、蛹和成虫的捕食能力以及其5龄若虫和雌雄成虫的捕食选择性。结果表明:不同发育阶段的溪岸蠼螋都不捕食棉铃虫完整的蛹体, 但对棉铃虫幼虫和成虫都具有较强的捕食能力。其中, 雌性溪岸蠼螋成虫的捕食能力最强, 对棉铃虫1龄幼虫日捕食量最大, 为(31.3±1.1)头。1龄溪岸蠼螋若虫也具有一定的捕食能力, 对棉铃虫1龄幼虫日捕食量为(1.7±0.7)头。不同龄期的溪岸蠼螋对相同龄期棉铃虫幼虫的捕食能力随龄期增加而增大。对1~3龄棉铃虫幼虫,溪岸蠼螋雌成虫捕食能力最强,其次是溪岸蠼螋雄成虫,再次是溪岸蠼螋5龄若虫。但是,对棉铃虫4~6龄幼虫和雌雄成虫,溪岸蠼螋雌雄成虫和5龄若虫的捕食量差异不显著。捕食选择试验表明:溪岸蠼螋5龄若虫和雌雄成虫对棉铃虫1～4龄幼虫均表现正喜好性, 对5～6龄棉铃虫幼虫和雌雄成虫表现负喜好性。  相似文献   

草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨的捕食作用     

侯飞  邹梦婷  倪召红  乙天慈  郭建军  金道超 《植物保护学报》2023,50(2):530-537

为明确草栖钝绥螨Amblyseius herbicolus对二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae的控制潜能,在温度分别为19、22、25、28和31℃、相对湿度均为（85±5）%、光周期均为16 L∶8 D条件下测定草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨各螨态的捕食偏好性、捕食功能反应及自身干扰反应。结果表明,草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨幼螨和第1若螨具有嗜食性,对其捕食选择系数分别为2.22和1.27,均大于1.00,对二斑叶螨卵、第2若螨和雌成螨捕食选择系数分别为0.61、0.68和0.22,均小于1.00。在不同温度条件下,草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨各螨态的捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ型;在19～31℃范围内,草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨各螨态的瞬时攻击率、最大日捕食量和捕食能力均随着温度升高呈先升高后降低的趋势,在28℃时达到最大值;而草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨各螨态的处理时间随着温度升高呈先缩短后延迟的趋势,在28℃下处理时间最短。在相同温度下,草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨卵、幼螨和第1若螨的捕食作用较强。在有限的捕食空间和二斑叶螨密度固定的条件下,草栖钝绥螨单头捕食量和捕食作用率随其自身密度的增加而逐渐下降,说...  相似文献   

Feeding preference and intraguild interactions between the parasitoid Trichogramma achaeae and the predator Macrolophus pygmaeus,two biological agents of Tuta absoluta     

Isabel Borges  Luisa Oliveira  Ana Durão  Patricia Arruda  António O. Soares 《Pest management science》2023,79(11):4376-4382

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蓝翠蛛对假眼小绿叶蝉的捕食功能反应   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

佘宇平  陶滔  扈克明 《植物保护》1996,22(2):9-11

室内测定结果表明，蓝翠蛛对假眼小绿叶蝉的日捕食量上限为１２头／ｄ，其捕食功能反应属于Ｈｏｉｌｉｎｇ所描述的ＩＩ型反应。Ｎａ＝１．８７９Ｎｔ／（１＋０．１５７Ｎｔ）。对自身密度的功能反应可用Ｈａｓｓｅｌｌ－Ｖａｒｌｅｙ提出的方程进行拟合：ａ＝９．８０６５Ｐｔ－８１２７。  相似文献   

天敌对三化螟的捕食功能的血清法评价   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

周汉辉 《植物保护学报》1992,19(3):193-197

试验用血清法检验了几种主要的捕食性天敌文对三化螟成虫和幼虫的捕食反应。化测定时间里,在秧田每天每亩成虫被蜘蛛捕食的量为9.94%,在大田每天每亩为620.2头。对幼虫的检验结果,转株幼虫有近1/10被捕食。结论是:蜘蛛类在三化螟成虫盛发期可起到一定的作用,对转株幼虫的杀伤作用较大。但由于天敌的数量消长和害虫的数量消长缺乏同步性,故达不到理想的控制效果。  相似文献   

Spatial distribution and feeding habits of the shrimp Crangon uritai as a predator on larval and juvenile marbled sole Pleuronectes yokohamae     

Mitsuhiro  NAKAYA  Tetsuya  TAKATSU  Masayasu  NAKAGAMI  Mikimasa  JOH  Toyomi  TAKAHASHI 《Fisheries Science》2004,70(3):445-455

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The influence of instream cover and predation risk on microhabitat selection of stone loach Barbatula barbatula (L.)     

A. R. MacKenzie  L. Greenberg 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》1998,7(2):87-94

Abstract— The microhabitat selection of stone loach ( Barbatula barbatula ) in relation to instream cover and predation risk was investigated in artificial streams. In one experiment, stone loach were presented different combinations of shelter structures, two at a time, that provided visual isolation, flow refuge, both, or none. In all cases, visual isolation shelters were selected by the fish, with little use of clear shelters and no apparent selection of flow refuges. In a second experiment, diel activity patterns and habitat selection of stone loach were measured when visual isolation structures were placed in the riffle only, pool only, both riffle and pool or in no habitat. Stone loach were marked with passive integrated transponder tags and a sensor plate was placed between the riffle and pool habitats to measure diel activity patterns. Habitat use was measured by releasing drop gates between the two habitats at the end of each trial. More stone loach used the pool than the riffle in all treatments, but use of the riffle increased when cover was present only there. Furthermore, stone loach were most active between 2100 and 0300. To determine the effect of predation threat on habitat use by stone loach, one adult brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) was added to each pool. The presence of trout caused stone loach to move into the riffle, especially the smaller loach. Overall, the study showed that stone loach used cover in a visual isolation context, preferring deeper water when there was no predation risk, but made more use of shallower water in the presence of brown trout.  相似文献