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1.
本文报道了两种生于杨树上的多孔菌,杨生薄孔菌(AntrodialeucaenaY.C.Dai&Niemel )和西伯利亚毡被孔菌(Spongipellissibirica(Penzina&Ryvarden)Penzina&Kotir.)。根据所采集标本对其进行了详细描述。杨生薄孔菌的主要特征为子实体平伏反转,二系菌丝系统,生殖菌丝具锁状联合,担孢子圆柱形,造成杨树木材褐色腐朽。杨生薄孔菌目前只发现在中国东北,该种与垫状薄孔菌(Antrodiapulvinascens(Pilat)Niemel )和大孔薄孔菌Antrodiamacra(Sommerf.)Niemel 较类似,但垫状薄孔菌的担子果不形成真正的菌盖,其担孢子为椭圆形,菌丝组织中无结晶体存在。大孔薄孔菌也生长在杨树上,但该种只形成平伏的子实体,其孔口和担孢子均比杨生薄孔菌大。西伯利亚毡被孔菌目前只发现在中国东北和俄罗斯的西伯利亚地区,其主要特征为子实体盖状、白色、肉质,单系菌丝系统,生殖菌丝具锁状联合,担孢子椭圆形至近圆形,通常生长在杨树活立木上,造成木材白色腐朽。该种与同属的松软毡被孔菌Spongipellisspumea(Sower by:Fr.)Pat.很接近,但后者的孔口为圆形且完整,其担孢子比西伯利亚毡被孔菌的大。 相似文献
2.
A field study was conducted for six years (1981–1986) on sandy loam soil on intercropping hedgerows of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam) de Wit. with three field crops viz. maize (Zea mays L), black gram (Vigna mungo L) and cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L Taub.). In treatments 1 and 2 Leucaena hedges were planted as pure crops at close (25 cm × 75 cm) and wide (25 cm × 375 cm) spacings. In treatments 3, 4 and 5 the
three field crops were intercropped between the hedgerows of Leucaena at the wide spacing, and in treatments 6, 7 and 8 the field crops were raised as pure crops. Leucaena was topped to 75 cm each time it attained a height of 175 cm.
The pure crop of Leucaena at close spacing produced an average, over the six years, of 34 t ha−1a−1 of green fodder and 9.4 t ha−1a−1 of air dry fuelwood. The Leucaena at wide spacing produced 18.9 t ha−1a−1 of green fodder and 6.3 t ha−1a−1 of fuelwood. Intercropping with field crops decreased the yield of green fodder and fuelwood. The yield of all the field
crops was less when raised as intercrops than as pure crops.
Mean maximum net returns were obtained from intercrops of Leucaena and cluster bean (Rs 3540 ha−1a−1) which were significantly higher than the returns from pure crop of Leucaena at wide spacing but similar to the returns from pure crops of cluster bean. Leucaena with maize (Rs 3273 ha−1a−1) and black gram (Rs 3125 ha−1a−1) gave significantly higher net returns over pure crops of Leucaena at wide spacing, maize and black gram.
ICRISAT = International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics- Hyderabad, India.
CIAT = Centro International de Agricultura Tropical - Cali - Columbia 相似文献
3.
D. M. Phiri B. Coulman H. A. Steppler C. S. Kamara F. Kwesiga 《Agroforestry Systems》1993,24(3):271-276
The effect of feeding maize (Zea mays L.) husk and leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) as a mixture or separately on the voluntary intake of maize husk was studied over a 40-day period. Ten male goats with an average weight of 15 kg were used. The maize husk intake and total dry matter intake for the two feeding methods was about the same. Thus, total dry matter intake was not affected (P<0.05) by the feeding method. There was also no significant difference (P<0.05) between the two feeding methods in the digestibility values. The data were considered to indicate that there were no significant differences in the intake of maize husk when fed in a mixture with leucaena or when offered separately but at the same time. 相似文献
4.
本试验的目的是确定饲粮中青贮银合欢添加水平对奶牛瘤胃微生物种群、氮平衡和微生物蛋白合成的影响。试验采用4×4拉丁方设计,选择12头初始体重为163±16 kg、带有瘤胃瘘管的奶牛,随机分为4个组,每组3个重复,每个重复1头牛。基础日粮以100%的水稻秸秆为原料,处理组分别用30%、60%和100%的青贮银合欢替代水稻秸秆,奶牛自由采食水稻秸秆和青贮银合欢,每天按照体重的0.2%补充浓缩料。结果表明,用60%青贮银合欢替代水稻秸秆组奶牛瘤胃微生物群,尤其是纤维素分解菌、蛋白分解菌和厌氧真菌的数量显著增加(P<0.05),各组对淀粉分解菌群无显著影响(P>0.05)。原生动物种群数量随日粮青贮银合欢添加水平的增加呈线性下降(P<0.05)(P<0.05)。此外,氮平衡和微生物蛋白合成均随着日粮青贮银合欢添加水平的升高而升高(P<0.05),其中以60%青贮银合欢组最高。结论:在本试验基础上,用60%青贮银合欢替代水稻秸秆可以显著提高奶牛体内的微生物数量和微生物蛋白的合成。 相似文献
5.
P. J. Kemp 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(2):211-218
Abstract Laboratory experiments were carried out on populations of the leucaena psyllid (Heteropsylla cubana Psyllidae) and two parasitoids, Psyllaephagus yaseeni (Encyrtidae) and Tamarixia leucaenae (Eulophidae) to determine to what extent the parasitoids compete. When both parasitoids were introduced to caged populations of the psyllid, fewer mummies were produced than when equivalent numbers of P. yaseeni alone were introduced. Multiparasitism was confirmed by dissection. The extent of multiparasitism was found to be dependent on the number of unparasitized psyllid nymphs available to T. leucaenae. Behavioural observations indicated that T. leucaenae tends to avoid searching and ovipositing on plants previously exposed to P. yaseeni. Superparasitism occurs in P. yaseeni but the distribution of attacks suggests that females discriminate between parasitized and unparasitized hosts and avoid ovipositing in the former. Superparasitism by T. leucaenae is very rare and was not recorded In this study. 相似文献
6.
银合欢冲沟治理水土保持效益研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
通过对金沙江干热河谷区元谋县人工银合欢（leucaena）治理区与非治理区的土壤理化性质、土壤侵蚀量及林地土壤贮水等方面的研究表明:银合欢作为干热河谷退化生态冲沟治理的先锋树种,具有较好的水土保持效益、很强的水源涵养功能和明显的经济效益,治理区减少地表径流的能力是对照地的5～6倍,减少的泥沙量是对照地的8～9倍,经济产值增加4倍多,并极大地改善干热环境,降低旱季最高温0.93℃,增加空气相对湿度17.15%,为其进一步综合治理奠定了基础。 相似文献
7.
The pattern of soil moisture changes was studied during a cropping season in an alley cropping experiment of maize withLeucaena leucocephala andFlemingia macrophylla at the SADC/ICRAF Agroforestry Research Station in a semiarid region near Lusaka, Zambia (28°2956 East and 15°2132 South). Soil moisture potential was monitored at regular intervals using tensiometers installed at 15, 30 and 45 cm depths in fertilized and unfertilized alleys within the double hedgerow, and the first, second and third rows of maize in the alleys.Soil moisture moved mostly towards the top horizon during very dry conditions. Alleys that had received a combination of fertilizer and hedgerow prunings depleted more moisture than those that had only hedgerow prunings. There were no differences in moisture utilization pattern between leucaena and flemingia hedgerows. The hedgerows depleted the same amount of moisture as the maize plants. However, during dry conditions, there was a higher soil moisture content under the hedgerows than in maize rows, indicating that there was no apparent competition for moisture between the hedgerows and the maize plants. 相似文献
8.
Three multipurpose tree species (MPTS)-leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala), sesbania (Sesbania sesban var. nubica) and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) were pruned at a height of 60 cm above the ground every two months, and resulting plant biomass was incorporated into the soil as green manure. For comparison, maize (Zea mays) stover was also incorporated into some plots, while some other plots were left fallow. Varying quantities of plant biomass which were incorporated into the soil over a period of 12 months caused large changes in major soil plant nutrients, and it substantially improved soil fertility. To test for improved soil fertility, test crops of maize and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) were grown on the plots after six biomass incorporations of 4806, 13603, 16659 and 7793 kg. ha–1yr–1 for pigeonpea, sesbania leucaena and maize, respectively. Responses of the test crops indicated that sesbania and leucaena green manures improved maize stover, cobs and grain yields; and bean haulms and grain yields by 77.6% when compared to fallow plots. Residual effects of green manures still resulted in significant (P < 0.05) yield differences in the test cropin the third testing season. Economic significance of green manures in increasing food crop yields to small scale farmers is discussed. 相似文献
9.
选取平均体重18~21 g左右,雌雄各半的N IH系小白鼠50只,随机分为5组,每组10只,进行5周饲养试验。A组为对照组,饲喂小白鼠基础日粮。B、C、D、E组为试验组,在小白鼠基础日粮上分别添加20%、30%的晒干银合欢叶粉和20%、30%经过1.2%F eC l3处理的银合欢叶粉。试验结束时,全部扑杀,采血检查血常规血清,剖检,取下脏器称重,计算心、肝、脾、肺、肾的脏器系数。结果表明:所有银合欢叶粉替代部分基础日粮饲喂小白鼠,适口性好,小白鼠正常采食。用经过1.2%F eC l3处理的银合欢叶粉替代20%的基础日粮饲喂小鼠,小白鼠在最后平均体重、平均日增重、料重比方面相近于对照组(P>0.05),优于用经过F eC l3处理的银合欢叶粉替代30%的基础日粮组。各组的心、肝、脾、肺、肾系数之间无显著差异(P>0.05),内脏器官正常。B、C组的血红蛋白(HGB)、红细胞(RBC)、白细胞(W BC)与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。D、E组的血红蛋白(HGB)、红细胞(RBC)、白细胞(W BC)、淋巴细胞(LYM PH)与对照组没有显著差异(P>0.05)。各组的尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(CRE)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(A ST)均无显著差异(P>0.05)。 相似文献
10.