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Sadamasa ISHIKAWA Kou HIRAGA Yuuki HIRADATE Kentaro TANEMURA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(6):725-728
Acetamiprid (ACE) and imidacroprid (IMI) are known neonicotinoid insecticides with strong
affinities for the insect-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. These provide insect
control by hyperstimulating insect nerves and are used for agricultural pest management.
However, it has also been reported that ACE and IMI affect mammalian reproductive
function. We determined the effects of ACE and IMI on the in vitro
maturation of porcine oocytes. Significant decreases in nuclear maturation rates were
observed in the ACE or IMI-exposed groups. Also, in matured oocytes from the ACE or
IMI-exposed groups, irregular chromosomes were observed. Our results suggest that ACE and
IMI exposure was detrimental to porcine oocytes and the extent of the effects depends on
the concentration of exposure. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: The potential of systemic neonicotinoid insecticides to control potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), a damaging pest of wine grapes in the eastern United States, was investigated. Soil or foliar applications were made to potted or field‐grown vines, and the response of leafhoppers was determined in clip cages over the following month on young or mature leaves. RESULTS: Foliar application of imidacloprid caused immediate and long‐lasting reductions in E. fabae survival on both leaf ages, whereas the activity of soil‐applied imidacloprid was delayed. Clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam all provided long‐lasting reduction in leafhopper survival on young and mature foliage when applied through either delivery route. However, the percentage of moribund nymphs was significantly greater on foliar‐treated vines and increased over time in mature and immature leaves compared with soil‐treated vines. Residue analysis of foliar‐applied imidacloprid showed an 89% decline in mature leaves from day 1 to day 27, and a 98% decline in immature leaves over the same time period. Comparison of soil‐applied clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in field‐grown vines showed significant reduction in E. fabae only on mature leaves of vines treated with thiamethoxam. CONCLUSIONS: Neonicotinoids can control E. fabae in small vines, even in rapidly expanding foliage where this pest causes greatest injury. Soil application provides superior long‐term vine protection because declining residues on foliar‐treated vines lead to suboptimal activity within 2–3 weeks. Vineyard managers of susceptible cultivars may take advantage of this approach to E. fabae management by using foliar applications of the three neonicotinoids tested here, or by using soil‐applied thiamethoxam. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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The involvement of metabolic enzymes in the resistance of a laboratory colony of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L), to the neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid was determined with the synergists piperonyl butoxide (PBO), which suppresses the activity of cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases, and S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF), an inhibitor of esterases, using the leaf-dipping method. Both PBO and DEF enhanced the insecticidal activity of acetamiprid significantly in the resistant P. xylostella strain but not in a reference strain, suggesting that cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases and esterases play an important role in the resistance of P. xylostella to acetamiprid. The resistant P. xylostella strain was also reared without further exposure to acetamiprid to determine the stability of resistance. Maintaining the resistant strain for seven generations in the absence of selection pressure resulted in a drop in resistance ratio from 110 to 2.42, indicating that acetamiprid resistance in P. xylostella is not stable. 相似文献
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环氧虫啶是我国自主研发的一种新型的新烟碱杀虫剂,主要用于防治刺吸式口器害虫。本文采用点滴法测定了环氧虫啶对中黑盲蝽、苜蓿盲蝽、三点盲蝽的毒力,结果表明,三种盲蝽对环氧虫啶均具有较高的敏感性,其中中黑盲蝽的敏感性最高,LD_(50)值为2.03ng/头,其次为苜蓿盲蝽和三点盲蝽,LD_(50)分别为3.12和3.34ng/头。多功能氧化酶抑制剂PBO能明显增加环氧虫啶对三种盲蝽的毒力,谷胱甘肽S-转移酶抑制剂DEM只在中黑盲蝽上对环氧虫啶表现出增效作用,而羧酸酯酶抑制剂TPP未显示增效作用。这说明,环氧虫啶具有防治苜蓿盲蝽属三种害虫的应用潜力,细胞色素P450-单加氧酶可能在环氧虫啶代谢中起重要作用。 相似文献
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Ingeborg van den Beukel Remco Klaassen Guus B Smit Regina G
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M van Kleef Marga Oortgiesen 《Pest management science》1999,55(10):1031-1033
Species-specific agonist binding regions of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) were examined. Imidacloprid and physostigmine (Phy) selectively activated insect nAChR composed of Drosophila second alpha-like subunit (SAD) and chick β2, in contrast to rat α7 nAChR. The Phy-activated currents were α-bungarotoxin (α-BGT) sensitive, suggesting activation at the agonist binding loop C. Several SAD-α7 chimeras were constructed, by switching agonist binding regions, and expressed in oocytes. Though none of the chimeras was activated by a range of nicotinic agonists, [125I]α-BGT binding revealed homomeric assembly of all chimeric cDNAs. Phy differentially displaced [125I]α-BGT from the nAChR chimeras, suggesting that the β subunit is not involved in Phy binding, and that Phy targets the insect agonist binding loop C. 相似文献
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Quantitative correlation between molecular similarity and receptor-binding activity of neonicotinoid insecticides such as imidacloprid and acetamiprid was studied by using a method of similarity index and semi-empirical molecular orbital calculations. A series of compounds having an aromatic ring and a cyclic or acyclic amine moiety with an electron-withdrawing group were subjected to the similarity-activity analysis. Energy-minimum structures and electrostatic properties of the molecules were obtained by MNDO-PM3. The electrostatic similarity of each molecule compared with the most active compounds was found to correlate significantly with the binding activity to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in honey bee when the two molecules were superimposed to maximize the molecular shape similarity by simplex procedure. This indicates that molecular similarity in terms of electrostatic properties is important for activity, as well as superimposability in terms of molecular shape. A schematic model of interaction between neonicotinoids and nAChR is proposed according to the results of similarity-activity analyses. © 1998 SCI. 相似文献