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1.
The establishment of predacious mites in commercial orchards may be accelerated by the transfer of pruned wood in winter and
summer from donor orchards to release orchards. Following winter pruning, 3-year-old and older wood is collected and transported
as soon as possible in bundles to a release orchard for distribution. If the release orchard is composed of dwarf trees, then
one or two bundles of 5 kg each are placed vertically at the base of the trunk of every tree in the block (0.5 to 1 ha); if
the trees are of standard size, then four or five bundles used. Following summer pruning, annual shoots and suckers are distributed
immediately in a release orchard composed of dwarf trees by placing 12–15 branches on the foliage of fruit-bearing branches;
if the release orchard is composed of standard trees, then 50 branches are used. The pruned wood should have 20–25 leaves
and not less than one predator per leaf. The release orchard should have a light infestation (two or three mites per leaf)
of pest tetranychids. These phytophagous mites would serve as food and help establish the predators. The release orchard grower
should develop a pest management program based on the same groups of pesticides used in the donor orchard.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Aug. 31, 2005. 相似文献
2.
1999- 2 0 0 1年进行了草生栽培对园温湿度和果实品质影响的试验。结果表明 :草生栽培可以有效地改善果园生态环境 ,降低久旱暴雨后的裂果率 ,有利于提高果的商品质量和经济效益。 相似文献
3.
P deficiency is a major obstacle for crop production in subtropical red soils in South China, and the hydrolysis of organic P (Po) is of great significance in these soils due to the immobilization of P by Fe and Al. Cover cropping in orchards and symbiotic microbial inoculation are considered to improve soil quality, including P status, however, their effects on the hydrolysis of Po is little known. In this study, five soil managements were established in a guava orchard in South China for two and a half years, including clean culture (CC), cover cropping with Paspalum natatu (PN), PN with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation (PNA), cover cropping with Stylosanthes guianensis (SG), SG with rhizobial inoculation (SGR). Soil chemical, biochemical and microbial properties were analyzed. Results indicate that soil pH and SOM content tended to increase following cover cropping alone or with microbial inoculation. Po content was significantly elevated in PNA. Po fractionation revealed that cover cropping alone or with microbial inoculation significantly affected the contents of moderately labile Po (MLPo) and moderately resistant Po (FAPo). Enzyme assay indicated that cover cropping with microbial inoculation increased the activities of acidic phosphomonoesterase (ACP), neutral phosphomonoesterase (NP) and alkaline phosphomonoesterase (ALP), with ALP the most sensitive, although ACP activity dominated in red soils. Correlation analysis suggested a significantly positive relationship between ALP activity and MLPo or FAPo. PCR-DGGE profile of the alp-harboring bacterial community showed that cover cropping with S. guianensis and mycorrhizal inoculation to P. natatu promoted the bacterial diversity and/or species richness. For almost all the measured parameters, PN and SG were comparable, however, PNA was superior to SGR, indicating the stronger additive effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus than that of rhizobia. Cat-PCA indicated that MLPo was the most influential factor on phosphomonoesterase. In general, this study suggests that, in subtropical orchards with red soil, cover cropping with microbial inoculation can improve the Po hydrolysis via the promoted alp-harboring bacterial community and then ALP activity. Our results also suggest that the combination of P. natatu and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus is better than S. guianensis and rhizobia, which possesses practical significance for sustainable production in these orchards. 相似文献
4.
【目的】覆膜种植作为一种重要的农作物栽培方式,在农业生产实践中被广泛应用。蜘蛛在生态系统中扮演着捕食者和指示生物等重要角色,了解覆膜种植年限对柠檬园蜘蛛群落的影响,对柠檬的科学种植和蜘蛛群落多样性保护及在生物防治中的应用具有积极意义。【方法】通过陷阱法和网扫法对覆膜种植年限0a(柠檬园I)、2a(柠檬园II)及4a(柠檬园III)的3种类型柠檬园蜘蛛群落进行调查。【结果】柠檬园I采集蜘蛛13科21种300头;柠檬园II采集蜘蛛9科17种159头;柠檬园III采集蜘蛛12科15种104头。蜘蛛多度和物种丰富度均随着覆膜年限的增加而降低。柠檬园I的蜘蛛群落结构与柠檬园II和III的不相似。【结论】覆膜种植对柠檬园蜘蛛群落多样性产生了消极影响,柠檬园蜘蛛群落多样性水平随着覆膜种植年限的增加而降低。 相似文献
5.
为了解重庆三峡库区加工甜橙园土壤养分含量状况,在重庆7县(区)随机选取132个果园,分析背景土壤和农化土壤pH值、有机质和有效态矿质养分含量。结果显示,分别有56.8%和60.8%的果园背景土壤和农化土壤pH值适宜甜橙生长,农化土壤酸性土比例增加;背景土壤和农化土壤有机质含量不足(<15 mg?Kg-1)的比例分别为77.3%和85.3%,碱解氮处于适宜范围的比例分别为56.8%和61.5%,有效钙过剩(高量和过量)的比例分别为79.6%和76.7%;背景土壤有效磷、钾不足(缺乏和低量)的比例分别为95.4%和72.8%,有效锌、硼不足的比例分别为54.5%和70.5%;农化土壤有效磷、钾不足的比例分别为60.8%和57.6%,有效锌、硼不足比例分别为65.9%和90.7%。背景土壤和农化土壤有效镁、铁、锰及铜不足和过量并存。总体而言,土壤养分状况中等偏差;与背景土壤相比,农化土壤pH值、有机质、有效钙、锌和硼含量下降且缺锌严重,其它养分含量则有所上升。 相似文献
6.
对广西富川县60个纽荷尔脐橙园土壤和叶片样品进行营养成分检测分析。结果表明,所调查纽荷尔脐橙园土壤偏酸,土壤有机质、有效钾、有效锌、交换性钙含量较高;碱解氮、有效磷、有效铁和有效铜含量中等;交换性镁、有效锰和有效硼含量较低。脐橙叶片中磷、钾和铁含量大部分处于高量水平,少量处于适量范围,但是铜和锌的含量多数处于低量水平。纽荷尔脐橙园土壤pH值与交换性镁呈极显著正相关性,与有效钾呈极显著负相关,土壤有机质与有效锌呈极显著正相关。土壤交换性钙与叶片钙含量呈显著正相关、交换性镁与叶片镁的含量呈显著正相关,土壤交换性钙、镁与叶片锰含量呈极显著负相关,土壤酸度和土壤中营养元素的有效含量对树体营养元素的吸收和营养水平有较大影响,各个果园的氮、磷、钾肥施用极其不均,大部分果园钾肥施用过量。本研究对指导富川县纽荷尔脐橙园配方施肥和营养调节具有重大意义。 相似文献
7.
杉木种子园病害及其综合防治 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文列举了福建省杉木种子园主要病害的症状和病原菌,并阐述了主要病害的发生发展规律。综合防治措施表明,加强抚育管理并结合917菌剂防治效果较好。 相似文献
8.
Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is one of the most important stand-forming tree species in Hungary and its importance is increasing in many countries. The main aim of the discussed new selection programme is to identify black locust clones with good performance and good form for setting up clonal seed orchards. As a result of selection programme 16 new black locust clones have been improved. In spring 2002 a black locust seed orchard was established with the newly selected clones. About 40% of the plants can be considered to belong to the height growth rate class 1 and 2. Hungary was the first country where micropropagated black locust planting material was used for seed orchard establishment. 相似文献
9.
Xueqiang ZHU Peng ZHOU Peng MIAO Haoying WANG Xinlu BAI Zhujun CHEN Jianbin ZHOU 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2022,9(3):386
10.
对杉木初级种子园进行适时合理疏伐,可使种子园种子产量大幅度增加。按照无性系生长的差异,每公顷保留240~300株、300~360株对种子增产效果显著。疏伐后种子产量年均每公顷达114.2kg。 相似文献