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天然橡胶（顺式-1,4-聚异戊二烯）是一种重要的工业原料,主要来自橡胶树。以天然橡胶的生物合成与产量形成为主要内容的产胶生物学研究为橡胶树高产遗传改良提供理论指导,近10年取得了重要进展。本文从橡胶树基因组测序、橡胶转移酶、转基因、以及转录组和蛋白质组等4个方面介绍产胶生物学研究主要进展,并讨论了相关领域研究存在的问题,对未来5~10年需重点关注的研究内容提出了建议。在介绍橡胶转移酶时,同时概述其他几种产胶植物的相关研究进展。 相似文献
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黄土高原植被对位配置技术研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
黄土高原的植被建设 ,既要遵循自然植被的地带性分布规律 ,又要充分考虑不同地形部位的小气候分异规律 ,坚持地形小气候条件与植物种生态位条件的相互对位配置。宏观环境的降水总量不足、水土流失严重和微观环境的风速、相对湿度是影响植物水量平衡 ,进而影响植物正常生长发育的主要因素。在不同的地类灵活采用隔坡软埂水平阶 ,漏斗式、燕尾式、竹节状聚流坑等径流聚集工程 ,均可使林木成活率和保存率达到 90 %以上 ,生长量提高 1倍以上。 相似文献
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水土保持植物措施与径流调控工程对位配置数量化分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
在水土保持措施对位配置原理与方法的指导下,以位于黄土丘陵区第5副区的安定区九华沟流域为例证,系统分析了研究区域环境资源的分布规律及常见水土保持植物措施的限制性因子,通过植物措施需求位与所处环境资源位的数量化分析,以植物措施对位配置为指导,以径流调控工程技术为手段,以满足植物需水为目标,进行了水土保持植物措施需求位与治理... 相似文献
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利用2005年度的IKONOS4卫片(通过解译获得官司河小流域土地利用现状数据)、1:1万森林资源分布图、2007年度森林资源二类调查小班资料,结合样地调查数据以及四川省林业科学研究院森林生态效益定位站(四川绵阳新桥)径流场的有关数据,选取坡度、土层厚、土A层厚、土壤含水率、坡位、土壤类型6个立地特征因子,建立该流域的297个小班物元模型,对其进行适宜性评价,再用层次分析法对其进行优化,从而获得该流域防护林体系空间对位配置。结果表明:1)本区针阔(桤柏/栎柏)混交林面积为124.39hm2,仅占整个有林地面积的14.97%,而针针混交林(松柏)的面积却占27.37%,针叶纯林(马尾松/柏木)的面积更是占42.48%。2)经优化后本区防护林体系分配按面积大小排序为针阔混交林(31.12%)>灌木林(15.5%)>经济林(12.28%)>针针混交林(11.46%)>阔叶纯林(11.41%)>针叶纯林(9.51%)>草地(8.70%)。优化后,年径流总量将减少43171mm,减少62.15%;年土壤侵蚀总量减少465.97t,减少79.66%。3)该流域的防护林体系空间对位配置结果为:①少发展柏木、马尾松纯林,多发展桤柏、栎柏、松栎等针阔混交林。对现有的柏木、马尾松纯林,引进桤木、栎类等树种形成针阔混交林。②柏木纯林和桤柏混交林的郁闭度控制在0.60～0.75,栎柏混交林、松柏混交林、松栎柏混交林则应控制在0.60～0.80。③对现有针叶纯林、针针混交林,采用开窗补阔和密度调节2种方式进行改造。开窗补阔对密度过大的林分进行带状砍伐,砍伐后补植栎类、桤木、香樟、天竺桂等阔叶树种。④在树种的搭配上,根据不同立地条件及树种的适宜性,选择不同的混交比。在中性或微酸性紫色土上,多发展以柏木为主的混交林;在黄壤和酸性紫色土上,则可发展柏木、马尾松与其他阔叶树种的混交林;在灰白砂土上配置以马尾松为主的针阔混交林。阔叶林的比例不少于20%～30%,立地条件好的则可以达到40%左右,以充分发挥防护林的生态效益和增加经济效益。 相似文献
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制备了一种特异性强的抗对位红的多克隆抗体。采用混合酸酐法将活化的对位红半抗原与阳离子化牛血清白蛋白（cBSA）偶联成免疫原,免疫大白兔制备多克隆抗体,利用紫外分光光度计分析结合物的结合情况,间接ELISA和间接竞争ELISA分析抗体特性。紫外扫描分析的免疫原对位红与蛋白结合的偶联率为14:1,间接竞争ELISA法分析多克隆抗体效价达到1×106,50%抑制率检测限为7.43 ng/mL,检测的对位红线性范围在0.1 ng/mL～1μg/mL,抗体与对位红和苏丹红I交叉反应率分别为100%和97.8%,与苏丹红II、III、IV和甲苯胺红的交叉反应率很低,与罗丹明类色素无交叉反应。制备的对位红多克隆抗体具有很高的特异性,与其他色素交叉反应率低,可用于对位红在食品中残留的检测。 相似文献
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With the interpreted IKONOS4 satellite images collected in 2005,a 1:10 000 forest map,the data collected in ClassⅡforest survey in 2007,and surface runoff data obtained in the permanent runoff monitoring station,six site factors of slope gradient, slope position,soil thickness,soil thickness of A layer,soil type and soil water content were selected to establish a matter element model suitable to 297 forest sub-compartments.Further,the AHP was applied to modify the spatial structure and form the spatial para allocation of the protection forest system. The results showed that:1) the area allocation of different vegetation types was irrational,the area of a mixed coniferous and broad-leafed forest was 124.39 ha,accounting for 14.97%of the forested land,the mixed forest was consisted of two coniferous species accounted for 27.37%of the total forest land,and the pure forest was consisted of one coniferous species accounted for 42.48%.2) After optimization,the area allocation of different vegetation types in the protection forest system ranked as:the mixed coniferous and broad-leafed forest(31.12%)>shrub land(15.5%)>the economic tree crops(12.28%)>the mixed forest consisting of two coniferous species(11.46%)>the pure broad-leafed forest(11.41%)>the pure coniferous forest(9.51%)>grass land(8.70%). Besides,the annual surface runoff could reduce 43 171 mm or 62.15%,annual soil erosion could decrease 465.97 t or 79.66%.3) The following suggestions for spatial para allocation of the small watershed protection forest system were proposed: (1) Reducing pure cypress or pine forest,and increasing alder-cypress,oak-cypress or pine-cypress mixed forest.As for the current cypress and pine pure forests,alder or oak could be introduced to develop a mixed forest.(2) The canopy closure of pure cypress forest and alder-cypress forests should be maintained within 0.60-0.75,and the canopy closure of oak-cypress,pine-cypress or oak-pine forests should be controlled within 0.60-0.80. (3) For improvement of current pure 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: The carmine spider mite (CSM), Tetranychus cinnabarinus, is the most harmful mite pest of various crops and vegetable plants. Pyrethroid insecticide fenpropathrin has been used to control insects and mites worldwide, but CSM has developed resistance to this compound. RESULTS: Three synergists together eliminated about 50% resistance against fenpropathrin in the CSM. A point mutation was identified from the sodium channel gene of fenpropathrin‐resistant CSM (FeR) by comparing cDNA sequences between FeR and susceptible (S) sodium channel genes, which caused a phenylalanine (F) to isoleucine (I) change at amino acid 1538 position in IIIS6 of the sodium channel and has been proven to confer strong resistance to pyrethroid in other species. The mRNA expression of the sodium channel gene in the FeR and abamectin‐resistant strain (AbR), which was included as a control, were both relatively lower than in the S. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that a mutation (F1538I) is present in the sodium channel gene in FeR of CSM, likely playing an important role in fenpropathrin resistance in T. cinnabarinus, but that decrease in the abundance of sodium channel did not confer this resistance. The F1538I mutation could be used as a molecular marker for detecting kdr resistance in Arachnida populations. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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麦穗鱼谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的活性分布及动力学特性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
麦穗鱼Pseudorasbora parva谷胱甘肽S-硫转移酶（GSTs）的组织和亚细胞分布特征研究结果表明：肝胰脏、肠、鳃、卵巢、肾、脾脏、鳔、肌肉GSTs活性分别占41.73%,14.31%,12.11%,10.10%,8.62%,5.23%,4.33%,3.58%;差速离心结果表明,麦穗鱼GSTs活性大部分集中在胞质溶胶层中,其活性占43%～55%,而45%～57%的活性则分布于线粒体、细胞碎片、微粒体中,只有脾脏线粒体活性最高,约占42%.并对麦穗鱼GSTs动力学特性作以讨论. 相似文献
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连云港海域副溶血性弧菌的分布状况及危害性评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对连云港周边不同海域的海水及海产品中的副溶血性弧菌（Ｖｉｂｒｉｏｐａｒａｈａｅｍｏｌｙｔｉｃｕｓ,Ｖｐ）进行分离,对检出菌株进行溶血性及耐药性检测。菌株检出率７８％,溶血素阳性率６８％,文蛤浸养感染率及死亡率２０％ ～３０％;耐药性检测结果表明,其对ＧＮ、ＳＸＴ、ＴＥ、ＣＡＺ、ＣＴＸ、ＣＲＯ、ＣＩ、ＤＯ和ＮＯＲ较为敏感,耐药率低于1０％;对ＦＲ和ＡＭＰ的耐药率在６０％以上。连云港海域内及海产品中均存在副溶血性弧菌的污染,其中ＴＲＨ型毒素分布较多。对海水养殖行业及人体健康具有潜在危险性。 相似文献
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David Martinez-Torres Alan L. Devonshire Martin S. Williamson 《Pest management science》1997,51(3):265-270
Knockdown resistance (kdr) is a target-site resistance mechanism that confers nerve insensitivity to DDT and pyrethroid insecticides. In the housefly, Musca domestica, molecular cloning of the para-type sodium channel gene has revealed two amino acid mutations that are associated with kdr and super-kdr resistance phenotypes. Both mutations are located in the domain II region of the channel; Leu1014 to Phe in the hydrophobic segment IIS6 and Met918 to Thr in the IIS4-IIS5 linker. To investigate whether these mutations also occur in other insects, we have designed degenerate primers based on conserved sequences in the domain II region of the sodium channel and used these to PCR amplify this region from insecticide-susceptible strains of eight diverse insect species representing four different insect Orders: Helicoverpa armigera, Plutella xylostella, Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera), Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera), Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera), Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii and Phorodon humuli (Hemiptera). The primers amplified closely related para-type sodium channel sequences from each insect with a minimum of 85% amino acid identity between species. All of the sequences contained ‘susceptible’ Leu and Met residues at the positions associated with kdr and super-kdr resistance in the housefly. Recent results detailing the presence of a kdr-type Leu to Phe mutation in pyrethroid-resistant strains of two important agricultural pests, P. xylostella and M. persicae, are discussed. ©1997 SCI 相似文献
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