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土壤中精喹禾灵残留测定及微生物降解研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
建立了高效液相色谱法对土壤中除草剂精喹禾灵残留的测定方法,并研究了其微生物降解特性。结果表明,采用C18柱和DAD检测器,以甲醇和0.2%磷酸水溶液(274∶,V/V)为流动相,在波长234 nm进行检测,土壤中精喹禾灵的回收率为88.4%～90.4%,相对标准偏差低于6.75%。未灭菌土壤中精喹禾灵的降解速率比灭菌土壤中快,接种优势微生物后精喹禾灵的降解速率明显加快,表明微生物是土壤中精喹禾灵降解的主要因素。 相似文献
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为探究棉田常用杀菌剂、除草剂、植物生长调节剂对龟纹瓢虫的潜在影响,选取甲基硫菌灵、精喹禾灵、缩节胺对其成虫进行胁迫处理,分析其繁殖力与存活率变化及解毒酶的转录响应。经缩节胺、甲基硫菌灵和精喹禾灵处理后,龟纹瓢虫繁殖力和存活率均无显著性变化。从龟纹瓢虫基因组中鉴定出CYP307A1、CYP314A1、CYP345D2、CYP6BQ22、CYP9Z1和CYP9Z4共六个P450基因,蛋白序列结构分析发现其分别编码510、421、353、314、343和385个氨基酸,均包含P450结构域,且前三者属于CYP3家族、后二者属于CYP9家族,CYP6BQ22属于CYP6家族。利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测了在不同农药处理下的上述基因表达量变化,结果表明,经甲基硫菌灵处理后,CYP307A1和CYP6BQ22表达量显著上调;经精喹禾灵处理后,CYP307A1、CYP345D2和CYP6BQ22表达量显著上调,CYP9Z1和CYP9Z4表达量显著下调;经缩节胺处理后,CYP307A1和CYP9Z1表达量显著上调。综上所述,虽然龟纹瓢虫经三种农药处理后生物学数据无显著性变化,但均可使部分P450基因表达上调,可能会促进龟纹瓢虫的解毒代谢效应。该研究为探究农药对龟纹瓢虫的潜在影响及其抗药性提供了重要证据。 相似文献
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在盆钵中以3叶的马唐、蟋蟀草测定了氯嘧磺隆与精禾草克、精稳杀得的相互影响。结果表明,氯嘧磺隆在混用时能明显降低精禾草克、精稳杀得对马唐、蟋蟀草的效果。处理后20天,氯嘧磺隆(12,18,24g ai/hm~2)使精禾草克(15～30g ai/hm~2)对马唐的防效分别降低6.01％～42.59％,23.96％～40.85％,19.63％～27.50％。相同剂量的氯嘧磺隆使精稳杀得对马唐的防效下降2.70％～58.91％,对蟋蟀草的防效下降2.67％～51.73％。对各试验的结果进行Colby法和等效线法分析,判定氯嘧磺隆与精禾草克、精稳杀得的相互影响为拮抗作用。 相似文献
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PETER H. SIKKEMA DARREN E. ROBINSON CHRISTY SHROPSHIRE NADER SOLTANI 《Weed Biology and Management》2006,6(2):68-73
Ontario otebo bean growers have few herbicide options available for weed management. Six field trials were conducted in Ontario, Canada, over a 2 year period (2003 and 2004) to evaluate the tolerance of otebo bean to the postemergence (POST) application of bentazon at 1080 and 2160 g ai ha−1 , fomesafen at 240 and 480 g ai ha−1 , sethoxydim at 500 and 1000 g ai ha−1 , quizalofop-p-ethyl at 72 and 144 g ai ha−1 , imazamox plus fomesafen at 25 + 200 and 50 + 400 g ai ha−1 , and imazamox plus bentazon at 25 + 600 and 50 + 1200 g ai ha−1 . All treatments, including the untreated control, were maintained weed-free during the growing season. The POST application of bentazon, imazamox plus fomesafen, and imazamox plus bentazon caused as much as 9% visual injury and reduced the plant height ≤ 12%, reduced the shoot dry weight ≤ 32%, and delayed maturity but had no adverse effect on the yield of otebo bean. Fomesafen, sethoxydim, and quizalofop-p-ethyl applied POST caused as much as 8% visual injury but this was transient and had no adverse effect on the plant height, shoot dry weight, seed moisture content, and yield of otebo bean, except for quizalofop-p-ethyl, which reduced the shoot dry weight as much as 18%. Based on these results, bentazon, fomesafen, sethoxydim, quizalofop-p-ethyl, imazamox plus fomesafen, and imazamox plus bentazon applied POST have an adequate margin of crop safety for weed management in otebo bean production in Ontario. However, care must be taken to avoid spray overlaps to prevent injury from bentazon, imazamox plus fomesafen, and imazamox plus bentazon. 相似文献
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精喹禾灵对夏大豆田间的控草效果和光照及养分的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
采用田间试验和仪器测定分析的方法,观察了10.8%精喹禾灵乳油对夏大豆田禾本科杂草稗草、马唐、牛筋草的防除效果,以及杂草防除对田间光照、养分和大豆产量的影响.结果表明:10.8%精喹禾灵乳油能有效控制夏大豆田禾本科杂草的发生危害,对稗草、马唐、牛筋草的综合密度防效为94.00%～100.00%,综合鲜重防效为95.02%～100.00%;施用10.8%精喹禾灵乳油能显著提高大豆田间的透光率,降低杂草对田间养分的吸收,促进光合作用的进行,从而提高大豆产量. 相似文献
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PETER H. SIKKEMA LYNETTE BROWN CHRISTY SHROPSHIRE HELMUT SPIESER NADER SOLTANI 《Weed Biology and Management》2008,8(1):31-38
Fifteen field experiments were conducted from 2002 to 2005 to determine the influence of the nozzle type, spray volume, spray pressure, and herbicide rate on herbicidal efficacy in soybean. There was no effect of the nozzle type on herbicidal efficacy with fomesafen, bentazon, glyphosate, and cloransulam‐methyl when applied at the manufacturer's recommended rate. The control of Echinochloa crus‐galli (barnyardgrass) with quizalofop‐p‐ethyl was improved when applied with flat fan (FF) nozzles compared with air induction (AI) nozzles. There was an increase in weed control with the FF nozzles compared with the AI nozzles in four of the 13 comparisons when the herbicides were applied at half the recommended rate, while in two situations, application with the AI nozzles resulted in improved weed control. With the FF nozzles, there was no effect of the water carrier volume on weed control with bentazon, glyphosate, and cloransulam‐methyl. The control of Abutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf) and Chenopodium album (common lambsquarters) with fomesafen and E. crus‐galli with quizalofop‐p‐ethyl was improved at the higher water carrier volume. With the AI nozzles, the control of A. theophrasti and Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) with fomesafen and E. crus‐galli with quizalofop‐p‐ethyl was improved at the higher water carrier volume, while the control of A. theophrasti and Polygonum persicaria (ladysthumb) was improved with glyphosate at the lower water carrier volume. With the AI nozzles, the control of C. album with bentazon and E. crus‐galli with quizalofop‐p‐ethyl was improved at the higher spray pressure. There was no effect of the nozzle type on the soybean yield with glyphosate, cloransulam‐methyl, and quizalofop‐p‐ethyl. The use of the FF nozzles compared with the AI nozzles to apply fomesafen and bentazon increased the soybean yield by 6 and 7%, respectively. Based on this study, the optimum nozzle type, water carrier volume, and spray pressure is herbicide‐ and weed species‐specific. 相似文献