连栽木麻黄根际微生物群落结构和功能特征     

李建鹃  罗扬  周柳婷  白莹  李键  吴承祯 《森林与环境学报》2020,(1):9-15

以不同栽培代数的木麻黄(第1代FCP、第2代SCP、第3代TCP)根际土壤为试验材料,运用BIOLOG微平板和磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)技术分析根际土壤微生物群落结构和功能多样性对多代连栽响应。结果表明,不同代数的土壤微生物对各类碳源的利用程度存在显著差异,连栽后木麻黄根际土壤微生物对碳源利用率显著下降。在6类碳源中,除胺类外,其他5种碳源均呈现FCP>SCP>TCP。PLFA分析共检测到11种PLFA生物标记,FCP土壤微生物PLFA生物标记总量明显高于SCP和TCP,3个代数土壤中含量最高的PLFA生物标记是i16:0、a15:0和18:1ω9c。土壤中特征微生物含量差异明显,细菌分布量最大,其次是真菌和放线菌。随栽植代数增加,细菌含量减少,真菌含量增加。土壤微生物群落多样性指数均呈现FCP>TCP>SCP,与土壤理化性质变化密切相关。可见木麻黄连栽显著影响其根际土壤微生物群落结构与功能,因此根际土壤微生态失衡可能是导致木麻黄连栽障碍的重要因素。  相似文献   

高寒地区燕麦根际联合固氮菌研究 Ι固氮菌分离及鉴定     

姚拓  张德罡  胡自治 《草业学报》2004,(2)

结合气相色谱仪,利用乙炔还原等方法对高寒地区重要饲用植物——燕麦(Avenasativa)根际联合固氮菌进行了分离和鉴定。结果表明,该地区燕麦根际联合固氮菌株较少(8株),菌株分布以根系表面(RP)最多,根表土壤(RS)次之,距根系较远的土壤(NRS)和根内(HP)最少,即:RP>RS>NRS≥HP;菌株固氮酶活性相差较大(C2H4112.5～1147.9nmol/mL·h),具有较高固氮酶活性的菌株较少(C2H4大于500nmol/mL·h只有2株);菌株均为革兰氏阴性菌,经鉴定分属Azotobacter(3株)、Pseudomonas(3株)和Azospirillus(2株)3个属。相对于其它生境和植物,高寒地区燕麦根际联合固氮菌种类较为单一。  相似文献   

不同供磷水平对柱花草和黑籽雀稗根际生理活性的影响     

余爱  张海达  吴露露  张宇  杨帆  唐树梅  漆智平 《热带作物学报》2011,31(6):7-10

以热带柱花草和黑籽雀稗为材料，通过盆栽试验，研究不同磷水平对其根际酸性磷酸酶、微生物数量及根系活力的影响。结果表明：2种牧草根际酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性随着磷浓度的增加而降低，在低磷(P0)处理时达最高，柱花草的ACP活性为603.24 mg/(kg·h)，黑籽雀稗为367.21 mg/(kg·h)。当高磷浓度处理时，柱花草根际ACP活性较黑籽雀稗低。各处理中，柱花草的根际微生物总量较黑籽雀稗高，柱花草根际真菌的数量随磷浓度的增加而减少，处理间差异达极显著水平，低磷处理时土壤真菌数量较多，这有利于根瘤菌的形成。2种牧草的根系活力随着施磷浓度的增加而递减。黑籽雀稗根系活力P0处理极显著高于P3和P4处理,显著高于P2处理。黑籽雀稗根系活力受供磷水平的影响大于柱花草。  相似文献   

膜下滴灌与沟灌海岛棉田土壤微生物特性的比较   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

范君华  刘明 《节水灌溉》2005,(1):9-11

对不同灌溉方式下土壤微生物特性的对比研究结果表明：膜下滴灌方式下棉田的微生物数量及根际、根外微生物数量均多于细流沟灌；两种灌溉方式都具有明显的根际效应；膜下滴灌使土壤处于厌气条件，土壤酶活性没有明显增加，但由于膜下滴灌可随水滴肥，适时适量供给棉花生长所需肥水，仍能满足海岛棉生长需求。  相似文献   

2株重组根瘤菌在4个大豆品种根圈中定殖动态的比较研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李友国  周俊初 《华中农业大学学报》2002,21(6):531-534

在灭菌和未灭菌土盆栽缩影条件下，比较研究了重组大豆根瘤菌HN01DL和TA113QD在4个不同品种大豆根圈中的定殖动态与水平，并初步考察了其与共生效应的关系。结果表明：HN01DL在渝豆1号和宁镇1号大豆根圈表现出较强的适应性和竞争性，而TA113QD则在Williams大豆根圈的适应性较强，在宁镇1号大豆根圈的适应性较差，且供试菌在4种大豆根圈定殖动态与水平的差异在共生效应上也有一定程度的反映，但未达到显著水平。  相似文献   

Root Exudates of Rice Cultivars Affect Rhizospheric Phosphorus Dynamics in Soils with Different Phosphorus Statuses     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(10):1643-1658

Exudation of organic acids by the roots of three rice cultivars grown in three soils of different phosphorus (P) statuses, and their impacts on the rhizospheric P dynamics and P uptake by the rice plants, were investigated. Quantum root exudates from all the rice cultivars were significantly greater at 21 days after transplantation than at panicle initiation or flowering stages. Malic acid was the most predominant organic acid present in the rice root exudates (10.3 to 89.5 μmol plant^?1 d^?1), followed by tartaric, citric, and acetic acids. Greater exudation of organic acids from rice grown in P-deficient soil by all the rice cultivars suggested response of rice plant to P stress. Results indicate that the release of organic acids in the root exudates of rice plants can extract P from strongly adsorbed soil P fraction, thereby increasing native soil P utilization efficiency and ensuring adequate P nutrition for the growing rice plants.  相似文献   

作物根际和叶围中产几丁质酶微生物的分布及其抑制真菌作用     

陈三凤  李季伦 《中国生物防治》1994,(2)

从几十种作物的根际和叶围分离获得３５０株微生物，其中细菌和放线菌分别为２００株和１５０株。对所有这些分离物进行了抑制真菌试验和几丁质酶活性测定。在抑菌试验中，以棉花枯萎病菌、棉花黄萎病菌、黄瓜枯萎病菌，及西瓜枯萎病菌作为供试病原菌，有９６个分离物对其中的一种或一种以上的病原菌有抑制作用，其中１８个分离物对这４种病原菌都具有强烈的抑制作用。在几丁质酶活性方面，１０％的细菌和４０％的放线菌都能不同程度地产生几丁质酶。有些菌株几丁质酶活性强，抑菌作用也明显，有些菌株几丁质酶活性弱，抑菌作用弱或无作用，少数菌株几丁质酶活性强，但却无抑菌作用。用几丁质酶液处理病原菌孢子，其萌发率和芽管长度比对照显著降低  相似文献   

The Use of a GUS Transformant of Trichoderma Harzianum, Strain T3a, to Study Metabolic Activity in the Spermosphere and Rhizosphere Related to Biocontrol of Pythium Damping-off And Root Rot     

Helge Green  Nina Heiberg  Kirsten Lejbølle  Dan Funck Jensen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2001,107(3):349-359

The activity of Trichoderma harzianum in the spermosphere and rhizosphere of different plant species was studied by use of a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) transformant (strain T3a). Hereby, direct observation of micro-habitats supporting metabolic activity of T. harzianum is reported. Germination of conidia and mycelial growth were not supported by exudates from healthy roots of various ages. Instead, growth and activity of T. harzianum depended on access to dead organic substrates such as seed coats, decaying roots, and wounds, including those caused by infecting pathogens. A correlation between the GUS activity of T. harzianum and the biomass of Pythium ultimum in infected roots was established. On the basis of our observations, we suggest that the biocontrol ability of T. harzianum involves competition with the pathogen for substrates including the seed coat, and wounded or infected root tissue.  相似文献   

The potential of nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum and other biological control organisms for suppressing fusarium wilt of banana   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

B. Nel  C. Steinberg  N. Labuschagne  A. Viljoen 《Plant pathology》2006,55(2):217-223

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of nonpathogenic F. oxysporum and Trichoderma isolates from suppressive soils in South Africa to suppress fusarium wilt of banana in the glasshouse. Several biological control agents and commercial biological control products were included in the study. The isolates were first screened in vitro on potato dextrose agar. In glasshouse evaluations, the fungal and bacterial isolates were established on banana roots before they were replanted in pathogen-infested soil, while the commercial biocontrol agents were applied as directed by the supplier. Banana plantlets were evaluated for disease development after 7 weeks. In vitro tests showed none of the nonpathogenic isolates suppressed Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense ( Foc ), while slight suppression was observed with the two Trichoderma isolates. Results of the glasshouse evaluations revealed that two of the nonpathogenic F. oxysporum isolates, CAV 255 and CAV 241, reduced fusarium wilt incidence by 87·4 and 75·0%, respectively. The known biological control agent Fo47 did not suppress Foc significantly. Pseudomonas fluorescens strain WCS 417, known for its ability to suppress other fusarium wilt diseases (WCS 417), reduced disease incidence by 87·4%. These isolates should be further evaluated for potential application in the field, independently and in combination.  相似文献   

香根草根际AM菌的感染特性     

高丽霞  陈羽  仲崇录  陈珍 《草业科学》2007,24(8):52-54

通过对不同种植时间、不同种植基质的香根草Vetiveria zizanioides分株苗、组培苗根际丛枝菌根(AM菌)感染检测,探讨了香根草对AM菌的感染特性.结果表明,在消过毒的森林泥炭土中,组培苗种植12个月感染率只有20.0%,感染强度低;种植22个月只有53.3%,感染强度为中.分株苗种植在自然土壤中,3个月就有AM菌感染,其感染率为56.7%;种植22个月感染率达到最高峰,为80.0%,感染强度为中等;种植时间为33个月时,感染率不再增加,但感染强度进一步增高.说明香根草根际AM菌的感染率和感染强度可能与苗源无关,而与种植基质密切相关.  相似文献