红外相机技术在河北雾灵山国家级自然保护区中的应用     

陈彩霞 《绿色科技》2021,(2)

为了充实河北雾灵山自然保护区的野生动物资源本底资料,提高监测能力和监测水平,雾灵山保护区自2015年开始将红外相机技术应用到野生动植物的资源调查和管护中。目前应用红外相机技术发现兽类5目10科14种,鸟类4目6科10种,掌握了区内主要物种猪獾(Arctonyx collaris)、狍(Capreolus)和勺鸡(Pucrasia macrolopha)的日活动节律,补充了保护区的本底调查资料,为保护区进一步开展金钱豹(Panthera pardus)、斑羚(Naemorhedus goral)和鸟类多样性等科学研究奠定了基础,为保护区制定关于野生动物资源的相关管护政策提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

Comparing the behavioural thermoregulation response to heat stress by Atlantic salmon parr (Salmo salar) in two rivers     

Emily Corey  Tommi Linnansaari  Stephen J. Dugdale  Normand Bergeron  Jean-François Gendron  Michel Lapointe  Richard A. Cunjak 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2020,29(1):50-62

Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and magnitude of extreme thermal events in rivers. The Little Southwest Miramichi River (LSWM) and the Ouelle River (OR) are two Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) rivers located in eastern Canada, where in recent years, water temperatures have exceeded known thermal limits (~23°C). Once temperature surpasses this threshold, juvenile salmon exploit thermal heterogeneity to behaviourally thermoregulate, forming aggregations in coolwater refuges. This study aimed to determine whether the behavioural thermoregulation response is universal across rivers, arising from common thermal cues. We detailed the temperature and discharge patterns of two geographically distinct rivers from 2010 to 2012 and compared these with aggregation onset temperature. PIT telemetry and snorkelling were used to confirm the presence of aggregations. Mean daily maximum temperature in 2010 was significantly greater in the OR versus the LSWM (p = 0.005), but not in other years (p = 0.090–0.353). Aggregations occurred on 14 and 9 occasions in the OR and LSWM respectively. Temperature at onset of aggregation was significantly greater in the OR (T_onset = 28.3°C) than in the LSWM (T_onset = 27.3°C; p = 0.049). Logistic regression models varied by river and were able to predict the probability of aggregation based on the preceding number of hours >23°C (R² = 0.61 & 0.65; P₅₀ = 27.4°C & 28.9°C; in the OR and LSWM respectively). These results imply the preceding local thermal regime may influence behaviour and indicate a degree of phenotypic plasticity, illustrating a need for localised management strategies.  相似文献   

4种植物油热氧化同步荧光光谱分析     

李泳霖  谷宇欣  宫婷  王子健  潘政道  于修烛 《农产品加工．学刊》2020,(3):50-54,59

以亚麻籽油、大豆油、菜籽油与葵花籽油为原料,在不同温度条件下氧化并测定其不同时间的同步荧光光谱,分析同步荧光光谱及荧光物质变化情况。结果表明,4种植物油不同温度下的同步荧光光谱峰变化主要集中在300~415 nm内,且随着加热时间的延长存在波动现象;在50℃和150℃加热氧化条件下,300,330,375,415 nm这4个峰都存在明显的波动现象;二维相关分析表明,这4个峰的荧光强度变化速率不同,不同油变化差异较大;同种油在不同温度下,4个峰的波动情况、相互关系、变化速率均有明显差异。这些峰的变化与油脂氧化过程中荧光物质和油脂氧化程度的变化有关,可以利用同步荧光光谱的变化特性作为监控油脂氧化的依据。  相似文献   

电驱离心式压缩机组冷态对中的影响因素     

蒲斌 《油气储运》2021,(3):319-325,351

电驱离心式压缩机组联轴器处的对中会影响机组的运行稳定性,因此需要在现场进行校验,并修正压缩机生产厂家的冷态对中数据,以确保冷态对中的准确性,提升对中质量。根据离心式压缩机组的结构及运行特点,分析机组冷态与正常运行状态时的差异,得出冷态对中的影响因素,并提出了计算和修正冷态对中数据的公式。从热膨胀、轴上升高度、顶升高度、工具挠度4个方面分析其对离心式压缩机组冷态对中的影响。在计算材料热膨胀数值的过程中,发现其具有明显的线性关系,据此简化了热膨胀数值的计算方式。通过状态监测工具得出转子轴中心的上升高度,并对冷态对中过程中的转子顶升高度进行修正,最终得出修正的冷态对中数据,对指导压缩机组开展冷态对中具有一定借鉴意义。  相似文献   

基于遥感指数的草原火后植被恢复研究     

宫大鹏  闫淳  郭赞权 《西北林学院学报》2021,36(6):204-210

草原火是草原生态系统重要的干扰因子，严重影响着系统的结构与功能。基于遥感数据，以2015年“4·16”特大草原火灾为例，利用ENVI和ArcGIS等软件，分别对NDVI和GPP指数及火烧严重度下的植被恢复过程进行定量分析。结果表明，基于NDVI和GPP指数的火后植被恢复过程表现相似，不同年份植被恢复情况存在一定差异。火灾发生当年（2015年）火烧迹地植被恢复状况高于未发生火灾区域，而在火后第1年（2016年）却又稍低于未发生火灾区域，直到火后第2年（2017年），火烧迹地植被基本恢复到火前状态。同时，不同火烧严重度下的植被恢复过程在存在明显差异。草原火灾发生后当年（2015年），中强度火烧下植被恢复最好，其次是轻度，重度表现最差。草原火烧严重度对植被恢复的影响，主要表现在火后第1个植被生长季。在之后的年份里，由于草原更新能力强大，不同火烧严重度对草原植被的影响不明显。本研究可丰富草原火灾及火烧迹地植被恢复等相关研究成果，同时为草原火灾管理和草原生态系统的可持续发展提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Digital mapping of soil ecosystem services in Scotland using neural networks and relationship modelling—Part 1: Mapping of soil classes     

Matt J. Aitkenhead  Malcolm C. Coull 《Soil Use and Management》2019,35(2):205-216

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金属热防护系统多层隔热材料的传热分析及参数优化     

闫长海  曲寿江  孟松鹤  陈贵清  杜善义  刘国仟 《勤云标准版测试》2006,(4):257-263

采用能量平衡方程和离散坐标法近似地建立了金属热防护系统多层隔热材料的一维稳态传热的数学模型，并利用遗传算法和纤维隔热材料的有效导热系数试验数据求解传热反问题，从而得到了模型中的纤维隔热材料的辐射衰减系数、反照率和隔热屏表面辐射发射系数。最后，由实验测得了多层隔热材料的有效导热系数，验证了采用优化参数后，多层隔热材料的传热模型的正确性。  相似文献   

A novel approach to studying the effects of temperature on soil biogeochemistry using a thermal gradient bar     

N. Fenner    D. J. Dowrick    M. A. Lock    C. R. Rafarel  & C. Freeman 《Soil Use and Management》2006,22(3):267-273

The temperature dependence of chemical reaction rates and microbial metabolism mean that temperature is a key factor regulating soil trace gas emissions and hydrochemistry. Here we evaluated a novel approach for studying the thermal response of soils, by examining the effects of temperature on gas emissions and hydrochemistry in (a) peat and (b) soil from a Sitka spruce plantation. A thermal gradient was applied along an aluminium bar, allowing soil to be incubated contemporaneously from 2 to 18 °C. The approach demonstrated clear differences in the biogeochemical responses of the two soil types to warming. The peat showed no significant emission of CH₄ at temperatures below 6 °C, while above 6 °C, a marked increase in the rate of release was apparent up to 15 °C (Q₁₀ = 2.5) with emissions being similar between 15 and 18 °C. Conversely, CH₄ emissions from the forest soil did not respond to warming. Nitrate availability in the peat decreased by 90% between 2 and 18 °C (P < 0.01), whereas concentrations in the forest soil did not respond. Sulphate availability in the peat decreased significantly with warming (60%, P < 0.01), while the forest soil showed the opposite response (a 30% increase, P < 0.01). Conventionally, thermal responses are studied by incubating individual soil samples at different temperatures, involving lengthy preparation and facilities to incubate samples at different temperatures simultaneously. Data collected on a given thermal response is usually limited and thus interpolated or extrapolated. The thermal gradient method overcomes these problems, is simple and flexible, and can be adapted for a wide range of sample types (not confined to soil). Such apparatus may prove useful in the optimization of management practices to mitigate the effects of climate change, as thermal responses will differ depending on land use and soil type.  相似文献   

Non-destructive determination of fat content in frozen and thawed mackerel by near infrared spectroscopy     

Junji  SHIMAMOTO  Kaoru  HASEGAWA  Minoru  SATO  Sumio  KAWANO 《Fisheries Science》2004,70(2):345-347

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荒漠化能量与水平衡监测系统的应用     

付蓉  孙司衡 《林业资源管理》2006,(3):81-84

利用卫星遥感技术进行宏观监测是我国荒漠化监测的重要手段,它具有高效经济的特点。本文阐述了中荷合作项目中荒漠化能量与水平衡监测系统的技术方法及主要应用。  相似文献