番茄褪绿病毒在湖南省首次发生   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王雪忠  张战泓  郑立敏  唐鑫  史晓斌  刘勇 《中国蔬菜》2018,1(8):27-31

2016年7月在湖南省蔬菜病害调查中发现,4种茄科蔬菜表现出叶脉间褪绿、叶片黄化等症状,疑似被番茄褪绿病毒(Tomato chlorosis virus,To CV)感染,同时叶片背面聚集了大量烟粉虱。采用To CV热激蛋白(heat shock protein 70,HSP70)序列的特异性引物对采集的番茄、茄子、辣椒、马铃薯样品和烟粉虱样品进行RT-PCR检测,均扩增出目标条带,且扩增序列与北京番茄To CV分离物(KC887999.1)部分序列相似度为99.0%,确认采集样品被To CV感染。4种茄科蔬菜To CV的感染率达70%~100%;发病叶片上烟粉虱的带毒率为66.7%~87.5%;鉴定出烟粉虱的生物类型为MED烟粉虱。这是湖南省首次确认该病毒,需要引起关注和加强防范。  相似文献   

坡耕地暴雨结皮对作物生长发育影响的实验研究     

吴发启  范文波  郑子成  赵西宁 《干旱区资源与环境》2003,17(2):100-105

采用盆栽和小区试验的方法,经3年试验发现,坡耕地土壤结皮对作物的出苗、生长、产量和生物量等均有不同程度的影响。小麦出苗率、苗高、最大苗高、产量和生物量分别降低了22.06％、4.60％、6.86％、1.16-9.84％和0.74-6.98％;结皮虽对玉米出苗影响不大,但延长了出苗期,使产量和生物量降低了5.66—9.17％和7.17—11.25％,而且随结皮厚度、强度和地表坡度的增加,其影响更为明显。因此,通过增加地面覆盖和雨后人工耕锄以消除结皮,增加产量和保持水土。  相似文献   

Natural tolerance of Cuscuta campestris to herbicides inhibiting amino acid biosynthesis     

T Nadler-Hassar  & B Rubin 《Weed Research》2003,43(5):341-347

The response of Cuscuta campestris Yuncker, a non‐specific above‐ground holoparasite, to amino acid biosynthesis inhibitor (AABI) herbicides, was compared with other resistant and sensitive plants in dose–response assays carried out in Petri dishes. Cuscuta campestris was found to be much more resistant to all AABI herbicides tested. The I₅₀ value of C. campestris growth inhibition by glyphosate was eightfold higher than that of transgenic, glyphosate‐resistant cotton (RR‐cotton). The I₅₀ value for C. campestris shoot growth inhibition by sulfometuron was above 500 μM, whereas that of sorghum roots was only 0.004 μM. Cuscuta campestris exposed to glyphosate gradually accumulated shikimate, confirming herbicide penetration into the parasite and interaction with an active form of the target enzyme of the herbicide, 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase. More than half of the C. campestris plants associated with transgenic, glyphosate‐resistant sugarbeet (RR‐sugarbeet) treated with glyphosate or with transgenic, sulfometuron‐resistant tomato (SuR‐tomato) treated with sulfometuron recovered and resumed regular growth 20–30 days after treatment. New healthy stems developed, followed by normal flowering and seed setting. The results of the current study demonstrate the unique capacity of C. campestris to tolerate high rates of AABI. The mechanism of this phenomenon is yet to be elucidated.  相似文献   

Simulating evolution of glyphosate resistance in Lolium rigidum II: past, present and future glyphosate use in Australian cropping   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P Neve  A J Diggle†  F P Smith‡  & S B Powles 《Weed Research》2003,43(6):418-427

Glyphosate is a key component of weed control strategies in Australia and worldwide. Despite widespread and frequent use, evolved resistance to glyphosate is rare. A herbicide resistance model, parameterized for Lolium rigidum has been used to perform a number of simulations to compare predicted rates of evolution of glyphosate resistance under past, present and projected future use strategies. In a 30‐year wheat, lupin, wheat, oilseed rape crop rotation with minimum tillage (100% shallow depth soil disturbance at sowing) and annual use of glyphosate pre‐sowing, L. rigidum control was sustainable with no predicted glyphosate resistance. When the crop establishment system was changed to annual no‐tillage (15% soil disturbance at sowing), glyphosate resistance was predicted in 90% of populations, with resistance becoming apparent after between 10 and 18 years when sowing was delayed. Resistance was predicted in 20% of populations after 25–30 years with early sowing. Risks of glyphosate resistance could be reduced by rotating between no‐tillage and minimum‐tillage establishment systems, or by rotating between glyphosate and paraquat for pre‐sowing weed control. The double knockdown strategy (sequential full rate applications of glyphosate and paraquat) reduced risks of glyphosate and paraquat resistance to <2%. Introduction of glyphosate‐resistant oilseed rape significantly increased predicted risks of glyphosate resistance in no‐tillage systems even when the double knockdown was practised. These increased risks could be offset by high crop sowing rates and weed seed collection at harvest. When no selective herbicides were available in wheat crops, the introduction of glyphosate‐resistant oilseed rape necessitated a return to a minimum‐tillage crop establishment system.  相似文献   

14%苄嘧磺隆·百草敌(快八)可湿性粉剂小麦田除草试验与研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

尤庆伟  陈为民 《农药科学与管理》2003,24(6):31-32

14%快八可湿性粉剂能有效地防除冬小麦一年生阔叶杂草及具有杀草谱广、用药量少、活性高、见效快、对作物安全等特点,是一种较理想的混配茎叶处理剂。  相似文献   

Evidence that a Leaf-Disk Test Allows Assessment of Isolate-Specific Resistance in Brassica oleracea Crops Against Downy Mildew (Peronospora parasitica)     

Bérénice Agnola  Stéphane Boury  Claudie Monot  Anne Quillévéré  Yves Hervé  Drissa Silué 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(5):471-478

A rapid resistance/susceptibility test for Peronospora parasitica (downy mildew) was established by inoculating leaf-disks of four Brassica oleracea accessions. Several conditions were tested: disk disinfection or not, agar medium with or without nutrients and with 50 or 100 ppm of benzimidazole. Using disinfected disks placed on agar (no nutrient and benzimidazole at 50 or 100 ppm), the responses of leaf-disks to four isolates were similar to those obtained using the classical cotyledon test, whereas undesired contaminations occurred in all other conditions. The possible effect of the particular leaf used for obtaining the disks was also studied. In each incompatible interaction tested, disks were resistant whatever the leaf used. In compatible interactions, susceptible phenotypes were observed on disks derived from the six lowest leaves, but disks from upper leaves were resistant. The genetic basis of resistance in a F1 hybrid broccoli was assessed, by testing six isolates on an F2 population derived from this hybrid. The cotyledon test only allows inoculation of two isolates per seedling, whereas many isolates can be tested on each plant by using leaf-disks. The segregation of the resistance to each of the six isolates was analysed: two dominant genes (tightly linked) control resistance to all isolates (one to five isolates; the other to only one isolate).  相似文献   

瓜类蔬菜光合特性研究进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

宋世威  刘厚诚  陈日远 《长江蔬菜》2003,(7):38-41

综述了瓜类蔬菜光合特性的研究进展，总结了光照、温度、CO2浓度、水分、矿质营养、叶龄、叶住及嫁接等因素对光合作用的影响，并提出了今后的研究方向。  相似文献   

盐胁迫对果树光合生理的影响   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

高光林  姜卫兵  俞开锦  汪良驹 《果树学报》2003,20(6):493-497

结合我们相关的研究结果综述了盐胁迫对果树光合作用的影响。总体来说盐胁迫导致果树净光合速率下降,且这种作用受树种、品种、砧木以及盐的种类、浓度和处理时期的影响;盐胁迫还使叶片干物质积累下降并影响碳水化合物的组成。盐逆境所产生的渗透胁迫和离子毒害而引起的气孔性限制和非气孔性限制则是果树叶片净光合速率下降的原因。此外,盐胁迫使果树叶片的叶绿素荧光效率下降。文章最后还提了出今后研究果树盐胁迫与光合作用的关系应与实际的生产环境相结合。  相似文献   

Comparison of an in vitro and a damping-off assay to test soils for suppressiveness to Pythium aphanidermatum     

N. J. Grünwald  F. Workneh  S. Hu  A. H. C. van Bruggen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1997,103(1):55-63

Testing of soil samples in greenhouse assays for suppressiveness to soilborne plant pathogens requires a considerable investment in time and effort as well as large numbers of soil samples. To make it possible to process large numbers of samples efficiently, we compared an in vitro growth assay with a damping-off assay using Pythium aphanidermatum as the test organism on tomato seedlings. The in vitro test compares the radial growth or relative growth of the fungus in soil to that in autoclaved soil and reflects suppressiveness of soils to the pathogen. We used soils from a field experiment that had been farmed either organically or conventionally and into which a cover crop (oats and vetch in mixture) had been incorporated 0, 10, 21, and 35 days previously. We obtained a significant, positive correlation between damping-off severities of tomato seedlings in damping-off assays and both relative and radial growth in vitro. In addition, radial and relative growth of P. aphanidermatum in the in vitro assay were positively correlated with several carbon and nitrogen variables measured for soil and incorporated debris. We did not find differences between the two farming systems for either growth measures of P. aphanidermatum or disease severities on tomato at different stages of cover crop decomposition. The in vitro assay shows potential for use with any fungus that exhibits rapid saprophytic growth, and is most suitable for routine application in suppressiveness testing.  相似文献   

达州市经济作物产业发展现状与对策     

徐海燕  王东风 《长江蔬菜》2021,(2):74-76

通过分析达州市经济作物产业发展现状和存在的问题,提出了促进当地经济作物产业发展的对策建议,为推动地区特色经济作物产业高质量发展提供参考。  相似文献