The effects of various plant protection methods on the development of Zymoseptoria tritici and Cephalosporium gramineum,grain yield and protein profile     

Urszula Wachowska  Iwona Konopka  Adrian Duba  Klaudia Goriewa 《国际虫害防治杂志》2019,65(2):105-113

Septoria leaf blotch progresses rapidly, leading to the development of Zymoseptoria titici forms resistant to fungicides. Cephalosporium stripe is caused by Cephalosporium gramineum. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of selected pesticides in limiting the symptoms of both diseases on winter wheat leaves, and to determine their influence on grain yield and the content and composition of protein fractions in wheat kernels. Propiconazoles were most effective in inhibiting the development of Septoria leaf blotch (symptoms were reduced from 54.7% to 78.6%). Strobilurins were less effective due to the presence of isolates with the G143A mutation. Symptoms of Cephalosporium stripe were rarely observed, and protective treatments did not reduce their severity. The highest content of grain protein (14.81%) was found in plants most intensely protected with the fungicides containing fenpropimorph, pyraclostrobin and epoxiconazole. The principal component analysis revealed that the plant protection method influenced the grain protein profile. The accumulation of HMW glutenins and α/β gliadins was mutually interrelated and higher in high-input treatments; control grain was characterized by close relationships between ω-gliadins, LMW glutenins, albumins and globulins, whereas low-input treatments influenced mostly γ-gliadins.  相似文献   

几种杀菌剂对猕猴桃主要真菌性叶斑病菌的室内毒力测定     

阳廷密 《中国果业信息》2014,43(3)

猕猴桃假尾孢Psedocercospora actinidiae Deighton和叶点霉菌Phyllosticta sp．是引起猕猴桃生长期的两种主要真菌病害。为了能筛选到对猕猴桃假尾孢和叶点霉菌具有高效抑制作用的杀菌剂，本文采用茵丝生长速率法测定了几种杀菌剂的毒力，结果表明，除腈菌唑外其余几种杀菌剂均可作为猕猴桃主要叶斑病的田间药效试验的首选药剂。  相似文献   

Effect of bacteria isolates in powdery mildew control in flowering dogwoods (Cornus florida L.)     

《Crop Protection》2016

Five bacterial isolates collected from dogwood leaves were evaluated for powdery mildew control in shadehouse and greenhouse environments by using foliar sprays and/or root drenching. Two isolates displayed superior bioactivity and suppressed powdery mildew similar to conventional fungicide thiophanate methyl (Cleary’s 3336F^®). The two bacteria disrupted powdery mildew spore germination and ruptured spore membranes causing spore lyses. Bacterial filtrates without bacterial cells were also effective in suppressing powdery mildew and disrupting spore germination and suggested the involvement of secondary metabolites. The two biocontrol agents (BCAs) colonized roots endophytically and promoted plant growth.  相似文献   

甘肃陇西黄芩灰霉病病原菌分离鉴定及田间药剂防治     

孙雪艳  蒋晶晶  杜蕙  陈爱昌  张敏敏  漆永红 《草地学报》2023,31(2):349-357

为探明黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi)茎基部和根部灰霉病的病原菌,本文于2019—2021年春季对甘肃陇西县采集的黄芩病样进行病原菌的分离培养,运用形态学和内转录间隔区(Internal transcribed spacer, ITS)、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase,G3PDH)、热激蛋白60(Heat shock protein 60,HSP60)和RNA聚合酶亚基II(The second largest subunit of the nuclear RNA polymerase enzyme II,RPB2)多基因方法鉴定,采用菌丝生长抑制法进行药剂室内毒力测定和田间药剂防治试验。结果表明：引起黄芩灰霉病的病原菌为灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea),春季发病时表现为地上部分枯死不发芽,靠近地表的根表面呈暗绿色水渍状,随后地下根木质部变软呈黄褐色腐烂,病健交界明显;室内毒力测定表明,97%咯菌腈对灰葡萄孢菌的抑菌作用最强,EC₅₀为0.01...  相似文献   

Control of Helminthosporium leaf blight of spring wheat using seed treatments and single foliar spray in Indo-Gangetic Plains of Nepal     

《Crop Protection》2016

Four fungicides for seed treatments and one as foliar spray were tested in replicated field experiments in a strip plot design to determine the effect of fungicides on Helminthosporium leaf blight (caused by Cochliobolus sativus and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) severity and grain yield of wheat. Wheat seed cv. RR 21 was treated with fungicides, carbendazim (Areestin), triadimenol (Baytan), tebuconazole (Raxil), and carboxin + thiram (Vitavax 200B). Single foliar application of propiconazole (Tilt) was sprayed at flowering stage. Controls were included for both factors and treatments were replicated four times. Triadimenol and carboxin + thiram increased seed germination in both years. Triadimenol, tebuconazole, and carboxin + thiram reduced the number of infected seedlings and seedling root rot severity in both years. Number of tillers was higher in carboxin + thiram treated plots compared to other seed treatments. Compared to the control, carboxin + thiram increased grain yield by 9% and 8% in 2004 and 2005, respectively, and triadimenol by 6% in both years. The foliar spray of propiconazole significantly reduced Helminthosporium leaf blight severity and increased thousand-kernel weights. Propiconazole spray increased grain yield by 15% and 14% in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Therefore, seed treatment either with triadimenol or carboxin + thiram in combination with single post-flowering foliar spray of fungicides should minimize grain yield loss due to wheat foliar blight in South Asia. The findings of this study could be useful in developing strategies to manage Helminthosporium leaf blight in South Asia and other warm wheat growing regions of the world.  相似文献   

苹果轮纹病药剂筛选与药剂配方   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

高艳敏  李广旭  沈永波  王毅  王佳军  王斌  马怀尧 《果树学报》2006,23(3):401-405

为解决苹果枝干轮纹病有效防治药剂缺乏的问题,1998—1999年在富士苹果枝干轮纹病树上开展其病害的药剂配方、浓度、防治次数、时期筛选及病斑不同刮治程度试验,2000—2002年在富士苹果枝干轮纹病树上开展果实轮纹病防治试验,结果表明,5波美度石硫合剂∶硅石粉剂=100∶4或100∶6对苹果枝干轮纹病具有显著的增效作用;1年2次施药效果显著;第1次施药前应采取轻刮,以后防治直接用药;多菌灵与波尔多液交替、多菌灵与石硫合剂∶硅石粉剂交替使用采收期与贮藏期防治果实轮纹病效果均突出;套袋果实轮纹病防效达100%。  相似文献   

8种杀菌剂对芝麻尖孢镰刀菌的室内毒力测定     

李梦姣  王振军  刘红彦 《安徽农业科学》2014,(16):5010-5011

[目的]筛选出防治芝麻枯萎病的有效化学药剂.[方法]采用菌丝生长速率法测定8种杀菌剂对芝麻尖孢镰刀菌的抑制作用.[结果]室内毒力测定结果表明,8种杀菌剂在试验浓度下对芝麻尖孢镰刀菌的生长均有一定的抑制作用.氟硅唑对病菌的抑制作用最强,EC50仅为0.232 mg/L;其次是吡唑醚菌酯,EC50为0.759 mg/L,此外多菌灵和苯醚甲环唑对芝麻尖孢镰刀菌也有很强的抑制作用.[结论]为药剂混配和防治芝麻枯萎病提供药剂筛选的理论依据.  相似文献   

防治小麦纹枯病的杀菌剂筛选   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王文桥韩秀英  张小风马志强 李红霞 《华北农学报》2007,22(B10):230-234

测定表明，己唑醇、戊唑醇抑制小麦纹枯病菌菌丝生长的活性明显高于多菌灵、甲基硫菌灵、萎锈灵、嘧菌酯、眯鲜胺、啶菌恶唑、井冈霉素、甲基立枯磷、五氯硝基苯、恶霉灵、福美双、百菌清、丙森锌、代森锰锌；5％己唑醇微乳剂、12．5％戊唑醇水乳剂及25％阿米西达悬浮剂对麦苗上纹枯病菌的毒力高于50％多菌灵可湿粉、70％甲基硫菌灵可湿粉、5％井冈霉素可溶粉、40％达科宁悬浮剂、25％敌力脱乳油、40％氟硅唑乳油、10％世高水分散颗粒剂、20％甲基立枯磷乳剂、40％卫福悬浮种衣剂和50％福美双可湿粉；福美双与己唑醇混配抑制小麦纹枯病菌增效，1：10为最佳配比，依此配成44％己唑醇·福美双可湿粉600—1200倍稀释液喷雾土壤及浸种未抑制小麦生长及推迟小麦出苗。  相似文献   

微肥与杀菌剂配施对玉米茎基腐病的防治及增产效果   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张彦才  周晓芬  李巧云  刘全清  魏娜 《河北农业科学》2003,7(2):24-28

研究了ZnSO_4·7H_2O、MnSO_4与五氯硝基苯可湿性粉剂和福美双可湿性粉剂配施防治玉米茎基腐病的效果及对玉米生长发育的影响。结果表明,微肥与杀菌剂配施,有利于促进玉米根系发育,培育壮苗,增强抗病能力,提高对玉米茎基腐病的防效。玉米拌种用量ZnSO_4·7H_2O6g/kg MnSO_46g/kg 50％福美双3g/kg 40％五氯硝基苯3g/kg,对玉米茎基腐病的防效88.75％～92.17％,较微肥处理和杀菌剂处理分别增产4.77％～6.42％和6.25％～11.80％。  相似文献   

6种常用杀菌剂对木霉菌生长发育的影响     

王进忠  郝立东  尚巧霞  孙淑玲  杨宝东  张民照 《勤云标准版测试》2005,(6)

研究了6种常用杀菌剂对木霉菌生长的影响。结果表明,不同类型杀菌剂和同一种杀菌剂不同使用浓度对木霉菌生长的影响存在着显著差异,其中甲基托布津,多菌灵和百菌清稀释200、400、600、800、1000倍时,对木霉菌的抑制率均为100%。农利灵和甲霜灵对木霉菌的抑制作用较弱,稀释200倍时,抑制率分别为89.7%和79.6%。大生对木霉菌的抑制作用则最弱,稀释200倍时,抑制率仅为55.3%。  相似文献