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1.
In the coastal zone of the Sea of Okhotsk off Hokkaido, Japan, the giant ezo scallop ( Patinopecten yessoensis ) is widely cultivated on the sea bed, making its fishery a major industry. However, the area experiences intense cyclones, including typhoons, about once a decade and the scallop resources appear to have received severe damage from the storms. Such an event occurred on 29 October 1988. The storm caused 12-m-high wind waves, which appeared to be fully developed sea waves. The water above the sea bed repeatedly moved back and forth at speeds of 1∼2 m s-1 causing damage to the scallops due to collisions and rubbing with gravel and other scallops. From a comparison of wind data with the annual catch of scallops, intense cyclones seem to play an important role on the year-to-year fluctuations in the scallop fishery. 相似文献
2.
2种壳色虾夷扇贝的形态学指标比较分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
[目的]为虾夷扇贝的壳色定向选育提供理论依据和参考资料。[方法]通过测定壳长(X1)、壳高(X2)、壳宽(X3)和鲜重(W),比较白色和褐色的虾夷扇贝的形态特征,根据各形态指标之间及其与鲜重的相关分析进行通径分析,建立虾夷扇贝形态指标对鲜重的最优回归方程。[结果]2种壳色的虾夷扇贝的形态指标不存在显著差异(P>0.05),两者的壳长、壳高、壳宽之间及其与鲜重均有极显著的相关关系(P<0.01)。白色贝的壳宽对鲜重的直接影响最大,褐色贝的壳长对鲜重的直接影响最大,白色贝和褐色贝的形态指标估计鲜重的回归方程分别为:Y=-0.154+0.008X1+0.011X2+0.033X3和Y=-0.190+0.022X1+0.033X3。[结论]虾夷扇贝的形态指标与鲜重存在极显著的回归关系(P<0.01)。 相似文献
3.
Juveniles of the Caribbean scallops Argopecten nucleus and Nodipecten nodosus were suspended in pearl nets at densities of 25%, 30% and 50% coverage of the bottom of the net (BC) during days. Additionally, adults of A. nucleus (>35 mm) were placed in lantern nets at densities of 40%, 50% and 65% BC during days. Stocking density affected the growth of animals, with higher growth rates obtained at the lower densities. Although the survival of the two scallops was not influenced at the densities studied, the 15-day net changes, and culture in water of <28 °C produced better survival of A. nucleus and N. nodosus respectively. Predators of the families Cymatiidae, Grapsidae, Portunidae, Majidae and Xanthidae were found in the culture nets of juvenile A. nucleus , but during the adult phase they were absent. Predators exhibited a dense-independent behaviour in relation to scallops. There was not any association between predator frequency and survival of A. nucleus . 相似文献
4.
Dongxue Xu Chunde Wang Bo Liu Min Chen Ke Ke Yuming Zhao Bin Ma Guilong Liu Xia Zhao Jinsheng Zhang 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(12):3692-3699
Cross‐breeding has been successfully applied in agriculture and aquaculture industries to improve important production traits. In our previous studies, we produced the F1 hybrids with high heterosis in growth by crossing the bay scallops with the Peruvian scallops and selected a new strain, Bohai Red, from the F1 hybrids. In this study, we selected another new strain from the backcross (BC1) of the F1 hybrids with bay scallops. The base cohort (G0) was size‐selected from the BC1, and the G1, G2, G3 and G4 cohorts were produced with size‐selected brood stocks from the G0, G1, G2 and G3 cohorts respectively. Our results showed that average shell height, shell length, shell width and whole body weight of the G4 cohort were increased by 16.8%, 16.8%, 11.5% and 43.6%, respectively, compared with the unselected control group of bay scallop. This new strain has now become one of the major cultured Argopecten scallops in northern China waters and was later named QN‐2. 相似文献
5.
Several experiments were performed examining the effect of different culture variables on the growth and survival of Argopecten nucleus and Nodipecten nodosus larvae. Higher growth and survival values were obtained at a low density (1 larvae mL?1) than at a high density (5 larvae mL?1), except for N. nodosus's survival, which was not affected by density. Higher growth was obtained when feeding the larvae a diet of Isochrysis galbana, similar results occurred with the diet of Isochrysis galbana+Chaetoceros calcitrans in A. nucleus and with I. galbana combined with the lipid emulsion EmDHA in N. nodosus. Higher survival was obtained when the diet included a mixture of microalgae than when EmDHA was supplemented. Growth and survival of the larvae of A. nucleus were greater when fed continuously, while N. nodosus grew and survived better when food was given discontinuously. Higher growth and survival values were recorded at lower food concentrations ranging from 20 to 40 cells μL?1 of I. galbana. Higher growth was observed with increasing temperature between 22 and 28 °C, although there was a simultaneous decrease in survival. No significant effects on larval production parameters were found when the culture water was changed totally or partially, but higher larval growth of N. nodosus was verified when a partial renewal of water was performed. 相似文献
6.
S. Mortensen 《Aquaculture International》2000,8(2-3):123-138
The effects of transfers and introductions of bivalue molluscs are alwaysmore or less unpredictable. Moving scallops, there is a risk of introducingpathogenic agents or of disturbing the balance between potentiallypathogenic agents and host species in the recipient ecosystem. Risk is noteliminated by merely following official regulations. Some factors which maybe important in order to assess risk, and to choose the level of risk we arewilling to accept, are:
The existence of ``stowaways', and the action of mechanical vectors.One organism may carry another, and it is seems impossible to obtain a``clean' organism, in spite of long quarantines.
The biological vector function. There may be unknown reservoirs,intermediate or alternative hosts of pathogenic agents in the ``new'environment. An introduced species may also carry potentially pathogenicagents into a new ecosystem.
The often lacking knowledge concerning epizootiology. Life cycles ofmany pathogenic agents are poorly known, as are the infectious dose ofagent, influence of environmental factors on disease, etc.
The diagnostic tools, and the ``human factor' in diagnostics. Methodsare often not sensitive enough to detect a pathogenic agent in a carrierstate, or immediately after the agent has entered the host, or at a lowprevalence/how intensity level. It is also important that personnel aresufficiently trained to do the diagnostic work.
The official priority of disease control. There are no notifiablediseases of scallops.
EC regulations, and the ``one area/one agent/one bivalve species'management.
National and international trade, including illegal transport of livebivalves.Considering these factors enables a better focus on the riskfactors and the assessment of risks associated with introductions andtransfers of scallops. Consideration may also help to clarify the scientificlevel of knowledge and experience required to handle scallop diseases, andfocus on practical problems in scallop health control. 相似文献
7.
Toshiyuki?SuzukiEmail author Tomoji?Igarashi Kazuhiko?Ichimi Masatoshi?Watai Megumi?Suzuki Eri?Ogiso Takeshi?Yasumoto 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(4):948-955
ABSTRACT: Four toxins, okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1), pectenotoxin-6 (PTX6), and yessotoxin (YTX), all associated with diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP), were administered via syringe to Scallops Patinopecten yessoensis and their distribution in the hepatopancreas, adductor muscle, and combined other tissues (mantle, gill, gonad) was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Toxins exclusively remained in the hepatopancreas irrespective of the injection site, adductor muscle or hepatopancreas. When injected into hepatopancreas, OA, DTX1, and YTX were metabolized to 7- O -palmitoylOA, 7- O -palmitoylDTX1 and 45-hydroxyyessotoxin (45OH-YTX), respectively. Such metabolic changes were insignificant when toxins were injected into the adductor muscle. The residual ratio for each toxin in the hepatopancreas was less than 20%. Mortalities of scallops treated with PTX6 were lower than those treated with other toxins. 相似文献
8.
Stock size, distribution, size and age composition, and growth of Japanese scallops,Mizuhopecten yessoensis, were studied at eight sites in Possjet Bay, Sea of Japan, Russia. At seven sites, most of the scallops were cultured animals
(seeded as one-year-olds in 1986–1989). At the eighth site, only native (i.e. naturally settled) scallops were present. Cultured
scallops had an irregular strip-like distribution at all locations. Maximum growth of scallops occurred in the northwestern
part of Reid Pallada Bight. Only at Temp Bight did both native and the majority of cultured scallops attain the harvest size
of 100 mm shell height at age 3 years. At all other sites in Possjet Bay, cultured scallops reached harvest size at an age
of 4 years. 相似文献
9.
蒸汽式扇贝开壳装置工作参数优化 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为了得到蒸汽式扇贝开壳装置蒸汽工作参数的最优匹配,提高扇贝深加工的产品品质,以开壳效果感官评分值为考察目标进行单因素试验,明确影响开壳效果的蒸汽喷射时间、喷射距离和蒸汽排量的最佳取值范围。采用Box-Behnken design试验设计方法进行了扇贝开壳组合试验,建立了扇贝开壳效果感官评分值与喷射时间、喷射距离和蒸汽排量之间的数学模型,并采用响应面优化分析法,得到了蒸汽式扇贝开壳装置的最佳工作参数匹配。结果表明:采用蒸汽发生器,压强控制在0.3~0.4 MPa、温度控制在142.92~151.11℃,当喷射时间设定在3.5 s、喷射距离设定在30 mm和蒸汽排量设定6 mm球阀门开度为90°,扇贝开壳率为93.3%,开壳效果感官评分值为94.53分。该研究为即食扇贝加工设备的设计提供参考。 相似文献
10.
为了辅助一种近海捕贝作业平台的方案决策,使其达到较佳经济效果,以解决近海扇贝养殖捕捞生产中的能耗大、劳动强度高、捕捞效率低以及捕捞效果差的问题,该文根据给定的营运条件、捕捞能力和贝类资源情况,对其进行了技术经济论证研究。选取捕贝平台的拖网主机功率、平台跨距、平台锚次横移时间、平台总建造成本、平台拖网速度作为论证的参数,以单位面积捕捞油耗、单位捕捞成本、捕捞效率为经济评价指标,建立了近海捕贝作业平台技术经济论证模型。基于该模型利用比较论证方法对渔船捕捞方式与捕贝作业平台捕捞方式进行了经济性计算,然后对选取的技术经济参数进行了敏感性分析。结果表明:当平台拖网主机功率400~470 k W、平台跨距0.5~3.0 km、平台锚次横移时间2.0 h以下、平台捕捞拖网速度1.4 kn以上、平台总建造成本低于2750万元时,平台捕捞方案比渔船捕捞方案具有明显的优势。实例计算证明,利用该文提出的技术经济论证模型,通过比较分析论证方法,可得到捕捞作业平台的技术参数范围,为新型近海捕贝作业平台的技术参数设计与实施提供参考。 相似文献