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1.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
2.
Elizabeth Pérez 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2007,39(11):2905-2914
With the aim to explore the possible role of mineral phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) in phosphorus (P) cycling in iron-rich, acidic soils, we conducted a survey of PSB naturally colonizing a limonitic crust in the south-east region of Venezuela (Bolívar State). A total of 130 heterotrophic bacterial isolates showing different degrees of mineral tri-calcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2)-solubilizing activities were isolated from NBRIP plates. In contrast, no isolates showing iron phosphate (FePO4)- or aluminum phosphate (AlPO4)-solubilizing activities were detected by this experimental approach. The 10 best Ca3(PO4)2-solubilizers were selected for further characterization. These isolates were shown to belong to the genera Burkholderia, Serratia, Ralstonia and Pantoea by partial sequencing analysis of their respective 16S rRNA genes. All the PSB isolates were able to mediate almost complete solubilization of Ca3(PO4)2 in liquid cultures; in contrast, the PSB isolates were less effective when solubilizing FePO4. Two groups of PSB isolates were clearly differentiated on the basis of their Ca3(PO4)2 solubilization kinetics. Acidification of culture supernatants seemed to be the main mechanism for P solubilization. Indeed, gluconic acid was shown to be present in the supernatant of five isolates. Furthermore, detection of genes involved in the production of this organic acid was possible in three isolates by means of a PCR protocol. 相似文献
3.
谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)在猪链球菌35个血清型中都存在,是一种具有免疫原性的保护性抗原。本试验PCR扩增出GDH基因,酶切定向插入pET-32a中构建表达载体pET-32a-GDH,将其转化E.coli BL21(DE3)表达菌中,培养并诱导表达rGDH蛋白,产物纯化后免疫新西兰白兔,免疫攻毒保护试验检验该蛋白的免疫原性。PCR试验获得约1 300 bp的GDH基因,双酶切pET-32a-GDH表达载体获得5.4和1.3 kb的片段,IPTG诱导表达获得融合蛋白,免疫保护结果达到70%。结果表明,本试验成功构建表达猪链球菌GDH蛋白的原核表达载体pET-32a-GDH,rGDH蛋白以蜂胶为佐剂免疫模型动物后,免疫保护率达到70%,为猪链球菌亚单位疫苗的研制提供了技术支持。 相似文献
4.
Savita Gangwar Vijay Pratap Singh Sheo Mohan Prasad Jagat Narayan Maurya 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010
In the present study, the effects of kinetin (KN; 10 and 100 μM) application under manganese toxicity (Mn; 50, 100 and 250 μM) were investigated, on growth, photosynthetic pigments, total protein, total nitrogen, ammonium (NH4+) content, NH4+ assimilating enzymes and antioxidant system in pea seedlings. The exposure of pea seedlings to Mn and 100 μM of KN alone and in combination, caused decrease in growth, photosynthetic pigments, total protein and total nitrogen contents, and an increase in NH4+ content. However, application of 10 μM of KN together with Mn reduced the Mn toxicity symptoms, promoted the growth of seedlings and led to the decrease in NH4+ content compared to Mn treatments alone. The root and shoot activities of glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GOGAT) and catalase (CAT) were decreased while glutathione reductase (GR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activities exhibited differential responses when pea seedlings were exposed to Mn and 100 μM of KN. However, under similar treatments, activities of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in root and shoot were increased. It was noticed that addition of 10 μM of KN together with Mn, caused significant stimulation in activities of enzymes of NH4+ assimilation and antioxidant defense system even over their respective control values. Non-enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbate and glutathione) in root and shoot of pea seedlings exposed to Mn stress were significantly increased by the addition of 10 μM of KN. Therefore, ameliorative effect of 10 μM of KN against Mn toxicity was observed. This study thus suggests that 10 μM of KN appreciably improves Mn tolerance of pea seedlings under Mn toxicity while reverse effects were exhibited by 100 μM of KN. 相似文献
5.
The effect of defoliation (DEF) alone or combined with hydrogen cyanamide (HC) on dormancy state, fruit quality and yield of Anna apple cultivar was studied. Trees were manually defoliated on three successive dates, November 15th, December 1st and December 15th. The flower buds (FB) entered the endodormancy synchronized with vegetative buds (VB) for most of the treatments. Most of the treatments terminated endodormancy between January 27th and February 8th during the season 2004/2005 and between January 18th and February 8th during the season 2005/2006. The treatments were effective in dormancy release of FB and somewhat with VB. Defoliation on November 15th + HC recorded the lowest chilling accumulation needed to reach 50% bud break. All the treatments exceeded the control considering the percentage of flower (FBB) and vegetative bud break (VBB) either in the lab or at the field. Growing degree hours and the number of days required to reach each stage of fruiting were differed between the two studied seasons. The control and DEF on December 15th exceeded all the treatments regarding initial fruit set percentage (IFS). The defoliation treatments alone gave the highest yield (kg/tree). Defoliation + HC treatments gave the best fruit quality, while the control gave the least values. 相似文献
6.
动物组织中GLUD基因表达与GDH蛋白结构分析 《畜牧与饲料科学》2021,42(4):7-12
[目的]研究动物不同组织中GLUD1基因的表达情况,比较不同物种中GDH蛋白的结构差异,明晰GLUD1基因的表达模式与GDH蛋白的功能。[方法]分别采集大鼠、绵羊、梅花鹿的肝脏、肾脏、皮肤、脂肪和肌肉5种新鲜组织样品。以β-actin为内参基因,采用荧光定量PCR法（qRT-PCR）分析3种动物不同组织中GLUD1基因的表达情况;利用无重复双因素分析方法表征GLUD1基因在不同组织中的表达量差异。比较人、小鼠、大鼠、山羊、绵羊、牛和猪7个物种GDH蛋白氨基酸序列,模拟这7个物种的GDH蛋白三维空间结构。[结果]GLUD1基因在大鼠、绵羊和梅花鹿的5个组织中均有表达,在肝脏中的表达量均高于其他组织;该基因在大鼠和梅花鹿肝脏组织中的表达量极显著（P<0.01）高于绵羊肝脏组织中的表达量,在大鼠肾脏组织中的表达量极显著（P<0.01）高于梅花鹿肾脏组织中的表达量。人GDH蛋白的氨基酸序列与猪、牛、山羊和绵羊的序列相似度较高,而大鼠与小鼠GDH蛋白的氨基酸序列相似度达到99.10%。大鼠、人、猪的GDH蛋白氨基酸序列中分别存在2个（第8位丙氨酸→缬氨酸、第40位丙氨酸→缬氨酸）、1个（第23位丙氨酸→丝氨酸）、2个（第33位丙氨酸→苏氨酸、第39位丙氨酸→苏氨酸）物种特异性突变位点。小鼠、大鼠、人的GDH蛋白预测为三聚体结构,山羊、绵羊、牛和猪的GDH蛋白预测为同源六聚体结构。[结论]GLUD1基因在大鼠、绵羊、梅花鹿不同组织中的表达量存在差异,在肝脏中都有较高水平的表达。不同物种GDH蛋白的氨基酸序列相似度较高,但依旧存在一定的序列差异性,并且存在数个对应物种特异性的氨基酸突变位点。 相似文献
7.
The efficiency of different temperature cycles in inducing budburst of one-year-old shoots of the apricot cultivar ‘Palsteyn’ from dormancy was evaluated. Three replications of shoots were collected during two consecutive years from adult trees, following the accumulation of different amounts of chilling in the field. Thereafter, shoots were exposed to different temperature cycles in growth chambers, for 60 days. The temperature treatments included a continuous temperature of 5 °C; daily temperature cycles of 19/5 h at 5/15 °C, at 5/20 °C, and at 5/25 °C; and the same temperature cycles for the remainder of the 60-day period, after pretreatment at 5 °C for 30 or 45 days. After the temperature treatments, shoots were forced at 25 °C until budburst. The mean time to budburst (MTB) (in days) of lateral vegetative, terminal vegetative and reproductive buds was evaluated. The efficiency of the different treatments was greatly influenced by the date on which shoots were cut. High temperatures had a more positive effect on the reduction of MTB when chilling accumulation had occurred in the field instead of the growth chamber. After partial chilling accumulation in the field, high temperatures (25 °C) combined with low temperatures are more efficient than cycles of moderate temperatures (15 or 20 °C) to induce an earlier budburst. In view of these results, a parallel accumulation of both chilling and heat requirements after partial chilling accumulation is suggested. The application of these results could assist in the development of more accurate models for the prediction of the overcoming of dormancy and blooming. 相似文献
8.
缢蛏六个种群的生化遗传标记 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
2001年3～5月，分别采集了浙江象山港、浙江象山外海、福建宁德、浙江乐清、辽宁庄河、广东深圳缢蛏6个群体各100个，采用不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的方法，对缢蛏的GDH同工酶进行了标记。结果象山外海群体检出一条带GDH-2；宁德和象山港群体有两条迁移率相同的酶带GDH-2、GDH-3；乐清群体中检出3条带，均为单态；深圳群体中只检出GDH-3，为多态，有两个基因编码；在庄河群体中检出3个位点，其中GDH-3为多态，有两个基因编码。本实验证明GDH是一种区分六个种群缢蛏的有效遗传标记。 相似文献
9.
纳豆芽孢杆菌谷氨酸脱氢酶基因的克隆、表达及酶活性测定 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
纳豆芽孢杆菌谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)是纳豆发酵产氨的关键酶.本文以纳豆芽孢杆菌基因组DNA为模板,根据枯草芽孢杆菌的GDH编码基因(RocG)序列设计引物,进行PCR扩增,再经pMD19-T质粒TA克隆,获得了全长为1275 bp、与RocG基因同源性为98%的纳豆芽孢杆菌GDH的编码基因.构建原核表达载体pET28a-GDH,转化至E.coli BL21(DE3)进行体外诱导表达.表达的包涵体在超声破菌、变性、纯化和复性后,经SDS-PAGE分析得到了47 kDa的特异条带.纳豆芽孢杆菌GDH同时具有NAD+和NADP+依赖活性,酶活分别为6.7723 U·mg-1蛋白和9.4205 U·mg-1蛋白. 相似文献
10.
甜菜氨同化途径的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
不同供氮水平各生育时期甜菜叶片与根体氨同化酶谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸合酶(GOGAT)和谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性测定结果表明,甜菜体内存在GSGOGAT和GDH途径,但GS、GOGAT活性明显高于GDH,且两者变化趋势一致,说明GSGOGAT在甜菜体内氨同化中起重要作用,两者协同作用进行氨的同化。氨同化途径因供氮水平、生育时期及植株部位不同而异。高氮促进叶片GS、GOGAT活性提高,GDH活性降低,低氮GS,GOGAT活性较低,而刺激GDH活性。叶片氨同化酶活性高于根体,氨同化代谢旺盛。生育前期(137前)氨同化酶活性明显大于生育后期(258后),表明生育前期同化活跃,但GDH所起作用较小,而后期氮同化较弱,GDH发挥作用相对增大。 相似文献