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The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
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An unusual case of feline acute corneal hydrops: atypical disease presentation and possible in vivo detection of Descemet's membrane detachment in the cat's unaffected eye 
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下载免费PDF全文 A 1‐year‐old, female spayed, domestic shorthair cat presented for blepharospasm of the right eye. Slit‐lamp biomicroscopic examination showed focal corneal ulceration and presumptive keratomalacia of the right eye. Examination of the left eye was normal apart from a focal endothelial opacity. Within the first 24 h of medical management, the right eye developed marked corneal edema and globular anterior protrusion of the corneal surface consistent with feline acute corneal hydrops (FACH). Surgical management consisted of a bridge conjunctival graft, nictitating membrane flap, and temporary tarsorrhaphy. Resolution of corneal edema and pain occurred in the right eye within 24 days. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) of the anterior segment was performed in both eyes. Conjunctival tissue from the bridge graft precluded examination of deeper corneal structures in the right eye. The left eye displayed a focal separation of the corneal endothelium and Descemet's membrane from the overlying stroma. These SD‐OCT findings are similar to the analogous syndrome found in humans and represent a potential etiology for FACH of the right eye in the case presented here. Unfortunately, the cat was lost to follow‐up and the progression of this lesion to FACH in the left eye could not be determined. 相似文献
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介绍一种基于Matlab拟合工具箱实现对小鼠皮肤的OCT强度信息进行拟合的方法。采用了单次散射模型和基于EHF理论的多次散射模型进行对比。各项参数表明多次散射模型在拟合包含多层皮肤结构信息的OCT信号强度时,拟合效果较好。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究复合植物精油（OCT）对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的断奶仔猪的免疫应激的影响。试验选取28日龄左右的杜×长×大三元杂交仔猪，随机分成3个处理组：对照组（基础日粮，注射生理盐水），LPS组（基础日粮，注射LPS），OCT组（基础日粮+50 mg/kg OCT，注射LPS）。每组8个重复，每个重复1头猪。于试验第21天注射LPS（100 μg/kg体重）或等体积的生理盐水，注射3 h后前腔静脉采血进行白细胞分类计数；6 h后屠宰，取胸腺、脾脏，-80℃保存，用于测量胸腺、脾脏免疫相关基因白介素-4（IL-4）、白介素-6（IL-6）、白介素-10（IL-10）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）、核因子（NF-κB）以及转录相关基因转录激活因子3（STAT3）的基因相对表达量。结果表明：①与对照组相比，LPS刺激降低了仔猪血液中白细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞及嗜酸性粒细胞数量（P<0.05）；与LPS组相比，日粮中添加OCT提高了白细胞的数量（P<0.05）；②与对照组相比，LPS刺激上调了脾脏、胸腺IL-6、STAT3 mRNA水平（P<0.05），下调了脾脏IL-4、TNF-α及胸腺IL-4、TNF-α、NF-κB mRNA水平（P<0.05）；与LPS组相比，添加OCT下调了脾脏、胸腺IL-6、STAT3 mRNA水平（P<0.05）；上调了胸腺IL-4、IL-10、TNF-α、NF-κB的mRNA水平（P<0.05）。综合上述结果，LPS诱导发生了仔猪免疫应激，OCT在一定程度具有缓解作用。 相似文献
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Gekeler F Gmeiner H Völker M Sachs H Messias A Eule C Bartz-Schmidt KU Zrenner E Shinoda K 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2007,10(3):173-178
OBJECTIVES: To assess the feasibility of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for examining the cat ocular fundus, to provide normative data on retinal thickness in different fundus regions, and to demonstrate selected surgically induced vitreoretinal pathologies in the cat. ANIMAL STUDIED: Forty-five eyes of 28 healthy domestic cats and two eyes of domestic cats that had undergone subretinal implantation surgery for a visual prosthesis were examined. PROCEDURES: An optical coherence tomograph (Zeiss-Humphrey) was used to examine the anesthetized animals. At least five vertical and five horizontal scans in regular distribution were recorded for each cat including (1) the peripapillary region, (2) the area centralis, and (3) the peripheral retina. Thickness was measured manually at five locations in each scan. Retinal thickness was compared in the three above-mentioned fundus regions, between eyes and between vertical and horizontal scans. OCT was additionally performed in animals with retinal detachment and a subretinal visual prosthesis. RESULTS: OCT measurements required only minimal adjustments of human settings and yielded high quality images. In comparison to humans intraretinal layers were more difficult to differentiate. Retinal thickness was highest in the peripapillary region (245 +/- 21 microm), followed by the peripheral retina (204 +/- 11 microm) and the area centralis (182 +/- 11 microm; all P < 0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference between right and left eye or between vertical and horizontal scans. OCT demonstrated retinal detachment, an iatrogenic break and a subretinal prosthetic device in high detail. CONCLUSIONS: Retinal thickness was measurable with high precision; values compare well to older histologic studies. OCT bears significant advantages over histology in enabling one to repeat measurements in living animals and thus allowing longitudinal studies. Various vitreoretinal pathologies common in feline eyes are detectable and quantifiable by OCT. 相似文献
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血浆酶活力动态变化特征在揭示奶牛酮病致病机理中的作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对16头荷斯坦奶牛分娩前后血浆葡萄糖、酮体含量以及丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、γ-谷氨酰基转移酶（GGT）、鸟氨酸氨基甲酰转移酶（OCT）的活性进行动态跟踪检测,以探讨荷斯坦奶牛分娩前后酮体等血液指标的动态变化特征以及各指标间的动态相关性,揭示奶牛酮病的高发时间以及与血酮、血糖等酮病指标相关性密切的肝功能指标酶变化特征。结果表明,奶牛肝功能损伤出现在血酮、血糖出现异常之前;被检酶的峰值出现在产后14d,而血酮峰值出现在产后28d,血糖最低值出现在产后35d;亚临床酮病牛各项指标处在异常范围的时间较长,机体对许多被检指标调节缓慢且不稳定;在非酮病、亚临床酮病牛GGT和血酮均存在显著相关性,而ALT、AST与血酮、血糖的相关性均不显著。揭示了肝脏功能损伤在前、酮病发生在后的时序特征,反映出肝脏功能与酮病发病机理之间的联系。因奶牛酮体含量在产后2—6周较高,3-4周最高,此期是监控酮病的重要时期。 相似文献
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