排序方式： 共有28条查询结果，搜索用时 781 毫秒
1.
为了探究MS培养基中氮、磷无机营养盐对鳗草生长的影响。单独添加不同浓度KNO3、NH4NO3和KH2PO4的天然海水中培养鳗草克隆苗,于7、14天进行植株形态学观察和叶片叶绿素含量测定。其中,KNO3的添加量为MS培养基中的1/2倍、1倍和2倍及NO3-总浓度为39.4 mmol/L,KH2PO4和NH4NO3的添加量均为MS培养基中各自浓度的1/2、1和2倍。结果表明,叶绿素含量以KNO3处理组最高(P<0.05),克隆苗培养14天无毒害现象,且有新叶发出;NH4NO3和KH2PO4处理组均对克隆苗有明显毒害作用,NH4NO3处理组叶片48 h后开始褐化,7天后茎尖、根尖明显变软并褐化,14天后植株死亡;KH2PO4处理组培养14天后叶片平均褐化率达56%。因此,1/2、MS培养基均不适用于鳗草的室内培养,其培养基的氮源应为单独添加的NO3--N或高浓度NO3--N+低浓度NH4+-N。 相似文献
2.
Pine wilt disease (PWD), a destructive disease for pine trees, is caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and additional bacteria. In this study, extracts of Zostera marina showed a high nematicidal activity against PWN and some of the bacteria that it carries. Light yellow crystals were obtained from extracts of Z. marina through solvent extraction, followed by chromatography on AB-8 resin and crystallization. The NMR and HPLC analysis showed that the isolated compound was rosmarinic acid (RosA). RosA showed effective nematicidal activity, of which the LC50 (50% lethal concentration) to PWN at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h was 1.18 mg/g, 1.05 mg/g and 0.95 mg/g, respectively. To get a high yield rate of RosA from Z. marina, single factor experiments and an L9 (34) orthogonal experiment were performed. This extraction process involved 70% ethanol for 3 h at 40 °C. The extraction dosage was 1:50 (w/v). The highest yield of RosA from Zostera was 3.13 mg/g DW (dried weight). The crude extracts of Zostera marina (10 mg/mL) and RosA (1 mg/mL) also showed inhibitory effects to some bacterial strains carried by PWN: Klebsiella sp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Streptomyces sp. and Pantoea agglomerans. The results of these studies provide clues for preparing pesticide to control PWD from Z. marina. 相似文献
3.
运用PCR直接测序法,对采自爱尔兰、日本、韩国和中国的大叶藻、矮大叶藻、丛生大叶藻和红须根虾形藻及GenBank中的宽叶大叶藻5种大叶藻叶绿体的matK、rbcL和核糖体ITS的部分序列进行测定,并比较分析了5种大叶藻3个目的片段的核苷酸序列,结果发现胞嘧啶(C)在3个目的片段上的含量均较低。ITS片段检测到172处核苷酸替换,表现出丰富的遗传多态性。matK基因片段上有52处核苷酸替换,rbcL基因片段上有20处核苷酸替换,且大部分替换来自于第三密码子的同义替换,种间在氨基酸水平上产生了一定的分化。基于ITS、matK和rbcL 3个目的片段,利用邻接法、最大简约法、最大似然法和贝叶斯法构建的系统发育树结果基本一致,明显分为3大支。矮大叶藻与大叶藻属间3种大叶藻的核苷酸最小差异值为19.33%,在分子数据上达到了属的水平。基于matK和rbcL基因片段拼接序列的分析结果表明:大叶藻与丛生大叶藻的分化时间在上新世(2～2.7百万年前),与宽叶大叶藻的分化时间在上新世(4～5.3百万年),与矮大叶藻的分化时间在渐新世(27～36百万年前),与红须根虾形藻的分化时间在始新世(33～44百万年前)。4个地区大叶藻的... 相似文献
4.
The optimal water temperature in seed germination and the upper critical water temperature in seedling growth were determined
for Zostera japonica collected from Ago Bay, Japan. The relationship between the seed germination rates and seed storage period (0, 30, and 60 days)
at 0°C was also examined. The optimal water temperature in seed germination was in the range 15–20°C regardless of the storage
period, in which germination rates were up to 14%. Seedlings, grown from seeds up to 10 cm in total length, were cultured
for 1 week at various water temperatures to measure their relative growth rates. The optimal water temperature in early growth
was in the range 20–25°C; relative growth rates ranged from 3.8 to 4.2%. Seedlings could survive up to a water temperature
of 29°C, but most seedlings withered at 30 or 35°C.
The optimal water temperatures for seed germination and seedling growth were related to the seasonal changes of water temperature
in the sampling site. Although seedlings were hardly observed in Ago Bay in summer, Z. japonica might extend its distribution as far as where the summer water temperature is lower than 29°C. 相似文献
5.
冬季大叶藻与幼参混养效果的模拟研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在实验室条件下对冬季大叶藻Zosteramarina与刺参却ostichopttsjaponicas当年生幼苗的生态混养效果进行了研究,分析了大叶藻对养殖水体中氨氮、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、磷酸盐的控制作用以及大叶藻对幼参生长的集聚效果。试验设置大叶藻与幼参混养组、幼参单养组和大叶藻单养空白组,每组设5个重复。试验幼参为2010年培育的秋苗（体长2．90cm±0．04cm,体质量0．69g±0．02g）,试验总水体75L,幼参放养密度为1个／L,水温为（15±1）℃,盐度为31～32,光照强度为（271±14）lx,试验共进行30d。结果表明：大叶藻单养组氨氮、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、磷酸盐含量最高;幼参摄食大叶藻碎屑,对水体营养盐起到一定的控制作用,混养组各种营养盐含量居中;幼参单养组各种营养盐含量最低。试验期间,底质情况良好,水质对幼参的生长无影响;大叶藻可为幼参提供附着基,对幼参的集聚效果良好,超过80％的幼参栖息在大叶藻叶片上。 相似文献
6.
Distribution,structure and function of Nordic eelgrass (Zostera marina) ecosystems: implications for coastal management and conservation 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Christoffer Boström Susanne Baden Anna‐Christina Bockelmann Karsten Dromph Stein Fredriksen Camilla Gustafsson Dorte Krause‐Jensen Tiia Möller Søren Laurentius Nielsen Birgit Olesen Jeanine Olsen Leif Pihl Eli Rinde 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2014,24(3):410-434
- 相似文献
7.
为阐明围堰池塘内海草——大叶藻的生态功能并为将其引入刺参池塘养殖提供理论基础,对大叶藻区和裸露砂质底质区的温度、溶氧进行了比较测定,对刺参及其食物组成的同位素进行了分析,并与邻近自然海域草场系统进行对比。结果显示,春夏季大叶藻区底部温度比裸露砂质底质区温度低约0~0.33°C;0~25%的低大叶藻盖度下,海草区和裸露底质区溶氧差异不显著,50%~100%的中高盖度下,海草区表层溶氧显著高于裸露底质区,高约0.12~0.62 mg/L,底层溶氧低于裸露底质区,约0~0.38 mg/L;春季末,该海草环境下的刺参δ13C和δ15N比值分别为–15.27‰和8.11‰,具有与相邻自然草场系统中刺参明显不同的同位素特征值(–20.12‰和10.95‰)。混合模型的分析表明,其食物组成中来自大叶藻的贡献约为13%~52%,高于底栖硅藻(4%~49%)、悬浮颗粒有机物POM(23%~39%)以及附着生物(0~22%)。而邻近的自然草场中,来自POM和褐藻海蒿子的食物贡献最大,0.95置信水平下的置信区间(CI)分别为24%~54%和1%~53%,而海草丛生大叶藻的贡献为0~27%。本研究表明,大叶藻可以在一定程度上降低夏季池塘底部水温,增加水体溶氧,同时为刺参提供重要的食物来源,这在池塘组成相对简单的环境下是尤为重要的。 相似文献
8.
How Zostera marina L. adapts to environmental stresses is of major interest to researchers wanting to obtain a better understanding of how to
preserve this ecologically important seagrass. We have examined the structure and chemical properties of the cuticle and epidermal
walls of Z. marina cotyledons at the pre-germination stage by microscopy, histochemistry, and chemical analyses. The epidermal cells, which
have a smooth plasma membrane and slight wall-ingrowth, are surrounded by thickened outer tangential walls consisting of cellulose
and pectic substances. The thick cuticle layer covers the outer surface of the outer tangential walls; the former were observed
here to be much thicker than has been reported earlier for the leaves and sheaths of Z. marina. Chemical analysis of the isolated cuticle by attenuated total reflectance–infrared Fourier transform spectrometry and gas
chromatography–mass spectrometry detected C16 and C18 fatty acids, ω-hydroxy fatty acids and β-sitosterol as components of the wax and cutin. The outermost cuticle layer was also
observed to be covered with a slimy layer consisting of some polysaccharides. These results suggest that the extremely thick
cuticle and slimy layer could play a significant role in protecting the cotyledons from environmental stresses at the pre-emergence
stage and just after emergence. 相似文献
9.
在15 ℃条件下,研究了3种栽培方式(水培促萌+萌中插植、水培促萌+萌后插植以及基质栽培)对鳗草(Zostera marina)种子萌发、实生苗建成与生长的影响,分析了鳗草实生苗的培育成本及其应对不同栽培方式的生理响应。结果显示,水培促萌+萌中插植、水培促萌+萌后插植的鳗草种子萌发率和实生苗建成率无显著差异(P>0.05),平均达到54.8%和46.5%,分别是基质栽培处理组的1.3和1.6倍(P<0.05)。水培促萌+萌中插植、水培促萌+萌后插植的鳗草实生苗的各项生长指标亦无显著差异(P>0.05),其平均值均显著高于基质栽培处理组(P<0.05),特别是根生成速率平均达到基质促萌处理组的1.6倍。主成分分析显示,水培促萌+基质插植的鳗草实生苗生理状态较优,其中,总氮和可溶性糖含量的贡献度较大,贡献度平均分别达到16.6%和15.0%,是基质栽培处理组的1.2倍(P<0.05)。培育成本分析显示,水培促萌+萌后插植栽培方式的培育成本最低(3.6元/株),是水培促萌+萌中插植栽培方式的81.9%。综合实生苗培育效果和培育成本,水培促萌+萌后插植的栽培方式是适宜的鳗草实生苗栽培方式,其主要通过提升实生苗非结构性碳水化合物的形成和提高光合色素含量,实现对实生苗建成与生长的促进作用。 相似文献
10.
青岛汇泉湾大叶藻种群遗传多样性的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳技术对青岛汇泉湾大叶藻种群内部的遗传多样性进行了初步分析,共研究了6种酶,得到该种群多态位点的比例（P％）为56．52％,每个位点平均等位基因数A／L为1．3478,根据其中17个位点,25个等位基因得到平均杂合度的预期值He为0．2122,观测值Ho为0．3251,对其遗传偏离进行D测验表明,大叶藻的杂合度较高,属于遗传多样性较为丰富的物种。 相似文献