Morphological and molecular analysis of androgenetic, selfed and backcrossed plants produced from a Hordeum vulgare x H, bulbosum hybrid     

M. J. gilpin  R. A. pickering  A. G. fautrier  D. L. mcneil  G. szigat  A. M. Hill  R. G. Kynast 《Plant Breeding》1997,116(6):505-510

Anther culture (AC) was carried out on a fertile triploid hybrid between Hordeum vulgare L. (cultivated barley) and H. bulbosum L, (bulbous barley grass) to determine whether AC-derived regenerants differed from progeny obtained through selfing and backcrossing. Chromosome counts were carried out on all plants and DNA was extracted from them to prepare Southern blots for molecular analysis. To identify true recombinants, the blots were probed with rye repetitive sequence probes (pSc119.1 and pScl19.2). which hybridize strongly and specifically to H. bulbosum DNA. Twenty probes that detect single- or low-copy sequences were hybridized with Southern blots containing restricted DNA extracted from 25 AC-derived plants, 11 selfed and six backcrossed progeny that showed hybridizations with pScll9. Although restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were only observed using probes that map to four of the possible 14 chromosome arms, an introgression associated with chromosome 6HS was frequently observed among plants derived from AC. selfing and backcrossing. Plants from AC differed from selfed and backcrossed progeny in their chromosome number; unique RFLP bands that were occasionally observed may indicate chromosomal rearrangements.  相似文献   

Designing grasses with a future – combining the attributes of Lolium and Festuca     

H.M. Thomas  W.G. Morgan  M.W. Humphreys 《Euphytica》2003,133(1):19-26

Lolium species (considered the ideal grasses for European agriculture) are not sufficiently robust to meet many of the environmental challenges that face extensive agriculture in less favoured areas. Fortunately, adaptations to abiotic and biotic stresses exist amongst Festuca species related closely to Lolium. The complex of species has an enormous wealth of genetic variability and potentiality for genetic exchange, thus offering unique opportunities for the production of versatile hybrid varieties with new combinations of useful characters suited to modern grassland farming. The attributes of Lolium and Festuca can be combined into a single genotype by amphiploidy or alternatively, a limited number of characters can be selectively introgressed from Festucainto Lolium or vice versa. Androgenesis of the interspecific hybrids can generate genotypes combining characters that may not be recovered by sexual backcrossing. Genomic in situ hybridization(GISH) can differentially ‘paint’ the chromosomes of Lolium and Festuca and identify Lolium-Festuca recombinant chromosomes. GISH is valuable in the analysis of amphiploids, introgressions and androgenic genotypes and can be used to physically map introgressed traits. Introgression mapping is a powerful new approach to the mapping of traits and arises from a fusion of physical and genetic mapping. For example, in a diploidLolium introgression genotype with only one introgressed Festucasegment, the gene(s) for any Festucaderived trait expressed by the plant must be located within the segment. Using GISH and molecular markers, a dense but highly localised map of the Festuca segment is made in isolation of the Loliumgenome – this may simplify QTL analysis. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

In vitro androgenesis of wheat: from fundamentals to practical application     

B. Barnabás  É. Szakács  I. Karsai  Z. Bedő 《Euphytica》2001,119(1-2):211-216

Wheat anther cultures have a history of almost 30 years and are nowemployed efficiently in many countries of the world for the developmentof doubled haploid lines for breeding. The present paper discusses keyquestions of the elaboration and perfection of the method: cytologicalaspects of in vitro androgenesis, the conditions required for theembryogenic development of microspores and the applicability of anthercultures in the Martonvásár wheat breeding programme.  相似文献   

Effect of mannitol pretreatment to improve green plant regeneration on isolated microspore culture in Triticum turgidum ssp. durum cv. 'Jennah Khetifa'     

Z. Labbani    J. de Buyser    E. Picard 《Plant Breeding》2007,126(6):565-568

The use of doubled haploids improves the efficiency of cultivar development in many crops and can be helpful in genetic and molecular studies. The major problem with this approach is the low efficiency of green plant regeneration. We describe here an efficient method for inducing embryos and regenerating green plants directly from isolated microspores of durum wheat cv. ‘Jennah Khetifa’. Tillers from donor plants were pretreated in 0.3 m mannitol and were stored at 4°C at various times: 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 and 12 days. Our results showed clearly that the novel pretreatment combined mannitol 0.3 m and cold for 7 days had a strong effect on the number of embryos produced and regenerated green plants. Under this condition 13 475 mature embryos were produced from 2 693 500 microspores. Moreover, 85 green plants were obtained. High green plants regeneration frequency was recorded. As an average 11.55 green plants were produced per 100 000 microspores (about the equivalent of six plants per spike). Therefore, this study showed clearly that our results are the best ones published until now in durum wheat.  相似文献   

Structural observations during androgenic microspore culture of the 4c1 genotype of Zea mays L.     

Anna Pretova  Norbert C.A. de Ruijter  André A.M. van Lammeren  Jan H.N. Schel 《Euphytica》1992,65(1):61-69

Summary The capacity of the maize genotype 4c1 to regenerate microcalli and embryos from cultured microspores has been examined by comparing various cold pretreatments and culture media, using microspores and pollen at different stages of development. Viability of cultured cells was tested with FDA and their development was traced with light and fluorescence microscopy using DAPI as a nuclear dye.It was found that a pre-incubation of dissected flowers floating in a liquid nutrient medium at 8°C during 10–14 days was most successful for the induction of cell division. Among the developmental stages tested only the microspores appeared to regenerate. Subculture at 25°C in the same liquid medium, supplemented with 0.1 mg/l TIBA, gave highest rates of microspore division, i.e. up to 70% at 4 to 6 days of culture.All pathways described earlier for maize androgenic embryogenesis were observed within the 4c1 genotype. Symmetric divisions occurred in cultured microspores but most frequently asymmetric divisions lead to the formation of microcalli within 12 days of culture. In at least 60% of all dividing microspores cells were derived from the generative nucleus. Microcalli further developed either into loose or compact calli. Compact calli formed embryo-like structures.Abbreviations DAPI 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole - Dicamba 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxy benzoic acid - 2,4D 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - FDA fluorescein diacetate - PAA phenylacetic acid - TIBA 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid - YP medium Yu-Pei basal salt medium  相似文献   

Androgenic capability among genotypes of winter and spring barley          下载免费PDF全文

Katarzyna Makowska  Sylwia Oleszczuk  Aleksandra Zimny  Andrzej Czaplicki  Janusz Zimny 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(6):668-674

Variable efficiency of androgenesis remains a serious problem in many species of cereals. It is still unclear what makes certain genotypes more amenable to androgenesis than others. This study was undertaken to quantify the previously suspected advantage of winter barley genotypes over spring ones with regard to regeneration efficiency in anther culture. The material consisted of 40 barley hybrids originating from Polish breeding companies. The number of androgenic structures per 100 anthers did not differ significantly between analysed groups (119 vs. 152 non‐significant), but the average regeneration of green plants per 100 anthers was five times higher in winter genotypes (6.4 vs. 1.3). The incidence of albinism was lower for the winter than for the spring materials (70% vs. 90%), while the rate of spontaneous chromosome doubling was similar in both groups (58% vs. 56%). The results strongly support the notion that winter genotypes are more amenable to androgenesis and this may be a consequence of their better adaptation to stress conditions.  相似文献   

Retrospect on in vitro androgenesis of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)     

Paul Chege  Csaba Lantos  János Pauk 《Plant Breeding》2020,139(6):1043-1051

Development of sorghum hybrids can immensely benefit from an enhanced anther culture protocol since the resultant doubled haploids would accelerate, as in other major cereal crops, the attainment of homozygosity and fixation of alleles. Production of the hybrids that have got high yielding, stress tolerance and other traits of industrial significance in a shorter time as compared to the current trend can hence be realized. This review presents the advances that have been made in the development of such a protocol, with closer attention to androgenic induction components of pre-treatment, culture media composition and conditions as well as ploidy determination and eventual chromosome doubling. From the findings of this review, it is clear that further work is desired to ensure a protocol, that to a large degree, breaks the genotype dependency trend that has been widely cited to impede the usability of the tested protocols.  相似文献   

斑马鱼雄核发育技术研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨景峰  曹颖霞  杨智慧  刘伟成 《水产科学》2005,24(2):18-21

为探索人工诱导斑马鱼雄核发育二倍体克隆鱼的途径和方法,运用紫外线照射卵子使其遗传物质失活,利用斑马鱼体表花纹形态作为遗传标记,使用热休克技术阻止受精卵的第一次卵裂加倍染色体。试验结果表明总辐射剂量为120mJ cm2紫外线照射斑马鱼卵可以使雌核遗传物质完全失活;体表花纹为豹斑花纹被证实是由纯合隐性基因控制的性状,可以作为雄核发育遗传标记;遗传失活卵受精后经2min,(41 5±0 5)℃的热休克后出现两个染色体加倍的高峰期,分别为受精后的11min和23min,且后一时期效果优于前一时期,最高二倍体诱导率达46 15%;经遗传分析,共获得正常存活的雄核发育二倍体克隆鱼19尾,说明经过优化的紫外线结合热休克等染色体操作技术,可以成为诱导雄核发育二倍体克隆鱼的有效手段。  相似文献   

家蚕单性生殖早期胚胎SSH文库的构建及其序列分析     

王艳敏  夏定国  张业顺  任晓俊  韦亚东  张国政 《蚕业科学》2009,35(3)

为了探讨家蚕早期胚胎性别决定的分子机制,以非减数分裂孤雌生殖(AMP)和双精雄核发育(BSA)技术获得的家蚕单一性别早期(2~24 h)发育蚕卵为材料,利用抑制消减杂交(SSH)技术构建了正向和反向抑制消减杂交cDNA文库。在正向与反向抑制消减杂交文库中分别随机选择62个和46个克隆测序,分别获得43种和29种cDNA序列,其中25个为新的cDNA序列。生物信息学分析显示,抑制消减杂交文库中与单性生殖有关的高温、低温、辐射等诱导表达基因出现的频次较高。对部分文库序列进行半定量RT-PCR分析表明,这些基因在两种单性生殖早期发育胚胎中存在差异表达。  相似文献   

单倍体育种技术的应用进展     

冯红玉  姚碧娇  陈媚  高玲 《中国农学通报》2021,37(30):1-6

为了给今后西番莲等热带果树的单倍体育种研究提供理论指导,文章归纳了人工诱导孤雄生殖、人工诱导孤雌生殖、染色体加倍等不同单倍体育种培养技术的技术要点及发展现状,总结了单倍体育种技术在禾谷类作物、花卉、林木和果树育种方面的应用进展。同时指出,单倍体育种技术的发展有利于建立作物品种纯合系,推进遗传学研究,形成新的基因型,加快热带果树的育种进程。  相似文献