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1.
大亚湾潮间带生物种类组成、数量分布及生物多样性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析了广东省大亚湾潮间带生物的种类组成、数量分布和生物多样性等特点。结果表明,该海域潮间带调查采获的潮间带生物标本共70科150种,以软体动物和甲壳类出现的种类最多,二者占了总种类数的80%,其中部分属经济价值较高的种类。潮间带生物全年平均生物量为1954.26g·m-2,平均栖息密度为1003.77ind·m-2。全年各类群生物中,平均生物量及栖息密度都以软体动物居首位。其Shannon-Weaner多样性指数(J)属中等水平,分布范围在1.419~3.562,平均为2.663。 相似文献
2.
- 1. The coastal waters surrounding Britain and Ireland became warmer during the 20th century and, according to the UK Climate Impact Programme 2002 scenarios of change and other sources, average annual seawater temperatures may rise a further 2°C or more by the 2050s. This warming is part of a global rise in sea‐ and air‐surface temperatures that will cause changes in the distribution and abundance of species.
- 2. Initially, there will not be a wholesale movement northwards of southern species or retreat northwards of northern species, because many additional factors will influence the responses of the different organisms. Such factors include the hydrodynamic characteristics of water masses, the presence of hydrographical and geographical barriers to spread and the life history characteristics (reproductive mode, dispersal capability and longevity) of species. Survey data over the past century show how organisms react to changes of the order of 0.5°C, and in the last two decades, when sea temperatures have risen by as much as 1°C, there have been significant local changes in the distribution of intertidal organisms. These past changes provide a clue to more extensive changes expected in the future if global warming develops as predicted.
- 3. Where species affected by climate change are dominant or key structural or functional species in biotopes, there may be a change in the extent and distribution of those biotopes. Some, dominated by predominantly northern species such as the horse mussel Modiolus modiolus, may decline and reduce their value as rich habitats for marine life. Others, characterized by southern species, for example the sea fan Eunicella verrucosa and the alcyonacean Alcyonium glomeratum, may increase in extent.
- 4. Using information on the life history characteristics of species, their present distribution and other factors, a key supported by a decision tree has been constructed to identify ‘types’ of organism according to their likely response to temperature rise. Conspicuous and easily identified rocky substratum species are good candidates to track change. Using the key, many species are shown as likely to increase their range northwards significantly. In contrast, fewer will decline in abundance and extent in the north. If, as anticipated, global warming continues, then species with distributions already accurately mapped, or being mapped at present, will provide baseline data to test forecasts.
3.
Maria Montseny Cristina Linares Núria Viladrich Pol Capdevila Stefano Ambroso David Díaz Josep‐Maria Gili Andrea Gori 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2020,30(5):977-987
- Gorgonians dwelling on the Mediterranean continental shelf are among the most frequent fishing bycatch taxa. These species display several traits, such as long lifespans and slow growth, which make them very vulnerable to the impacts caused by fishing activities with far‐reaching and long‐lasting effects.
- Hence, restoration and mitigation actions are crucial to enhance and speed up the natural recovery of damaged cold‐water coral gardens. Given the growing concern to develop effective and affordable restoration actions, the present study aims to propose and technically validate a new large‐scale and cost‐effective restoration method.
- This technique, named ‘badminton method', consists of attaching bycatch Eunicella cavolini colonies to cobble supports and returning them to the continental shelf by gently throwing the gorgonian transplants directly from a boat.
- Two consecutive field experiments were conducted in order to find the best cobble type support and gorgonian size to be used: first, to evaluate the landing efficiency of gorgonian transplants at different depths (from 5 to 30 m) and second, to evaluate their capability to maintain a correct position over time.
- Natural cobbles with large gorgonians attached were the best option. Field results and modelling approaches suggest that the transplants would correctly land on the continental shelf seabed in a predicted area of around 60 m2. Moreover, they would successfully maintain an upright position ensuring gorgonian survival over time.
- The success of this method highlights the feasibility of large‐scale and low‐cost restoration actions with promising results for the conservation and recovery of cold‐water coral gardens.
4.
Abstract— Available food and feeding of Atlantic salmon parr were studied in different parts of a subarctic river in northernmost Finland, the River Teno: in the large main stem, in a major tributary influenced by lakes, and in two minor tributaries. The highest density of benthic organisms was found in an outlet of a lake, but drifting organisms were the most abundant in the small tributaries. Migrant parr that move to the small tributaries from the main stem have better food resources in their new habitat. Plecoptera nymphs were the most important prey for salmon parr early in the spring. Later in the summer dipterans were usually the dominant prey group. In September the importance of Plecoptera was emphasized in the small tributaries and the lake outlet, and that of Trichoptera in other sites. Drifting prey was used more by large than by small parr. The utilization of drifting food appeared to be related to the water temperature rather than to the availability of the drift. 相似文献
5.
大连市区沿海底栖动物的种、量和对环境质量的评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1997年10月－1998年7月对大连市区沿海10个站位（南部沿海4个站位，大连湾6个站位）进行了3次底栖动物调查，共获大底栖动物79种，其中多毛类42种，软体动物23种，节肢动物7种，棘皮动物2种，海鞘2种，其它3种，平均栖息密度为4663．3个／m^2，平均生物量为74．5g/m^2，同时测定了相关的水化指标，经分析表明该海区处于轻度和中度污染状态。 相似文献
6.
长江口底栖生物修复的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2004年3月在新建的长江口南导堤通过投放以巨牡蛎为主的底栖动物,开展底栖生物修复试验。底栖动物的投放距离为6000m,平均投放生物量为43.15g·m-2,平均投放密度为10.70个·m-2。试验结果表明:经过15个月,已初步形成以附着型贝类为主的底栖动物群落,试验区底栖动物种类共有21种,比本底值增加19种;总生物量和总密度分别为26489.43g·m-2和3399.11个·m-2,分别比本底值增加40.31倍和7.50倍;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为0.98,比本底值提高了0.74。其中巨牡蛎生物量和栖息密度增加明显,巨牡蛎的生物量和栖息密度分别为19328.84g·m-2和918.67个·m-2,分别是所投放巨牡蛎生物量和栖息密度的483.39倍和140.47倍。 相似文献
7.
Silvia Ortubay Víctor Cussac Miguel Battini Juan Barriga Juana Aigo Marcelo Alonso Patricio Macchi Mariana Reissig Joy Yoshioka Stanley Fox 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2006,16(1):93-105
- 1. Laguna Blanca, in Laguna Blanca National Park, is a lake in Patagonia which has been designated as a Ramsar site since 1971 because of bird diversity and abundance and importance for nesting, particularly for the black neck swan, Cygnus melanocoryphus. It is also valued for its populations of endemic amphibians, Atelognathus patagonicus and Atelognathus praebasalticus.
- 2. Avian and amphibian populations have decreased dramatically in recent years. Percichthys colhuapiensis, Percichthys trucha (Pisces, Percichthyidae), Salmo trutta and Oncorhynchus mykiss (Pisces, Salmonidae) were introduced into Laguna Blanca in 1965. Since 1986, no Atelognathus frogs have been found. The abundance of swans and coots, which are strongly associated with macrophytes for nesting and feeding, has diminished drastically, whereas piscivorous birds have increased.
- 3. The fishless condition of some neighbouring small lakes with abundant pond weeds, aquatic birds and endemic amphibians, was assessed in order to compare the physical and chemical characteristics and the quantitative composition of the benthos among lakes. Fish presence at Laguna Blanca and its absence at El Burro, Antiñir and Jabón lakes, were confirmed. Compared with previous results, it seems that the abundance of Amphipoda (Hyalella), Copepoda and Cladocera at Laguna Blanca has decreased, while Acari has increased and Notostraca has disappeared. Water transparency has diminished in Laguna Blanca and now is lower than that of fishless lakes.
- 4. P. colhuapiensis were captured only in Laguna Blanca, with the highest captures in the littoral zone. The population shows rapid individual growth in the early years and an absence of fish older than 6 years. The preponderance of benthos and the presence of macrophytes in the gut contents of adult P. colhuapiensis appear to indicate that they are important consumers of these resources.
- 5. This paper concludes that fish introduction in Laguna Blanca led to a complex trophic cascade effect (fish predation on tadpoles, fish competition for avian food, bottom disturbance, zooplankton reduction) producing deleterious effects on the amphibian and bird populations.
8.
为研究不同粒度疏浚物掩埋对于海洋底栖生物的致死效应影响,采用长江口地区的疏浚物模拟不同粒度、不同厚度掩埋菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)以及双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis),并研究其存活情况。结果表明:菲律宾蛤仔和双齿围沙蚕掩埋后为了生存表现出垂直迁移行为,不同粒度疏浚物掩埋深度在一定范围内与菲律宾蛤仔的死亡率之间有显著的正相关关系;粒度为63~125μm时,菲律宾蛤仔96 hLC50为6.8 cm(95%置信区间为2.8~10.7 cm);粒度为63μm以下时,菲律宾蛤仔96 h-LC50为11.1 cm(95%置信区间为4.2~18.0 cm);而掩埋深度与双齿围沙蚕死亡率之间没有显著相关关系。实验结果表明不同粒度疏浚物掩埋对于不同底栖生物致死效应不同。 相似文献
9.
