Physiopathological Effects of the Administration of Chronic Cyanide to Growing Goats – A Model for Ingestion of Cyanogenic Plants     

Soto-Blanco B  Górniak SL  Kimura ET 《Veterinary research communications》2001,25(5):379-389

Ingestion of cyanogenic plants, such as cassava and sorghum, has been associated with goitre and tropical pancreatic diabetes in both humans and animals. Thus, the objective of the present study was to determine the toxic effects on the thyroid and pancreas in growing goats of prolonged exposure to potassium cyanide (KCN). Thirty-four male goats were divided into five groups dosed with KCN at 0 (control), 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 or 3.0 mg/kg daily for 5 months. Blood samples were obtained in order to determine the glucose, cholesterol, thyroxine (T₄), triiodothyronine (T₃) and thiocyanate concentrations and for haematological studies; pancreas and thyroid gland were collected for histopathological study. The group receiving the highest dose of cyanide showed lower body weight gains and carcase weights and a decrease in plasma T₃ concentrations compared to the control group. Reabsorption vacuoles in follicular colloid and normocytic normochromic anaemia were observed in the experimental animals. Inhibition of peripheral conversion of T₄ to T₃ is suggested. However, no diabetogenic effects were observed.  相似文献   

亚麻籽双液相多级逆流萃取工艺模拟试验     

李高阳  丁霄霖 《农业工程学报》2010,26(3):380-384

为了考察双液相技术萃取亚麻籽的工业化效果,应用模拟试验探讨了多级逆流萃取工艺应用于正己烷-乙醇-水三元双液相亚麻籽萃油脱氰苷生产的可行性。结果表明,在料烷比1︰5 (m/V),料醇比1︰2 (m/V),温度55℃,时间 30 min,乙醇质量分数85% (m/m),NaOH添加量为乙醇相0.05% (m/V)的条件下,实验室串级模拟四级逆流萃取达到工艺要求,亚麻粕中残油量小于1%,氰苷残余小于0.7 mg/kg,多级逆流接触法萃取流程适宜于亚麻籽双液相萃油脱氰苷生产工艺。  相似文献   

H₂O₂对陈化马铃薯切片抗氰呼吸的诱导作用研究          下载免费PDF全文

梁五生  梁厚果  李德葆 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2002,28(5):525-528

研究了H₂O₂对陈化马铃薯切片抗氰呼吸的诱导作用.用切片和纯化线粒体进行测定的结果均表明外源H₂O₂(5.0 mmol/L)处理对陈化马铃薯切片的总呼吸只有微弱的影响,但却可以明显诱导切片的抗氰呼吸,并显著提高抗氰呼吸对总呼吸的贡献.应用交替氧化酶的单克隆抗体进行Western杂交的结果表明,H₂O₂处理可以增强陈化马铃薯切片中交替氧化酶的表达,表明H₂O₂对抗氰呼吸的诱导作用与其时交替氧化酶表达的诱导有关.抗氰呼吸可能参与了H₂O₂调控植物抗病防御反应的作用机制.  相似文献   

Aspects of phytoremediation of organic pollutants   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Stefan Trapp  Ulrich Karlson 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2001,1(1):37-43

Phytoremediation is a quite novel technique to clean polluted soils using plants. In theory, phytoremediation methods are cheap, are accepted by the public and, compared to physical or chemical approaches, are ecologically advantageous. Until today, however, there are only a few examples of successful applications. One reason is that the processes involved are complex, and a full clean up may require many years. Plants affect the water balance of a site, they change redox potential and pH, and stimulate microbial activity of the soil. These indirect influences may accelerate degradation in the root zone or reduce leaching of compounds to groundwater. Compounds taken up into plants may be metabolised, accumulated, or volatilised into air. Based on these processes, several phytoremediation methods have been developed: Phytoextraction, rhizofiltra-tion, phytostabilisation, rhizo and phytodegradation, pump and tree, land farming, phytovolatilisation, hydraulic control and more. Already in use are plants (and here willow, poplar and grass) for the degradation of petroleum products, aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX), chlorinated solvents, explosives and cyanides. However, phytotoxicity and pollutant mass balances were rarely documented. Often, the success of the projects was not controlled, and only estimates can be made about the applicability and the potential of phytoremediation. This lack of experience about possibilities and limitations seems to be a hindrance for a broader use of these techniques.  相似文献   

Suppression of Meloidogyne javanica by Pseudomonas aeruginosa IE-6S in tomato: the influence of NaCl, oxygen and iron levels     

Imran Ali Siddiqui  Syed Shahid ShaukatGhazala Habib Khan  Nasima Imam Ali 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(12):1625-1634

Understanding the environmental factors that influence the suppression of disease-suppressive strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens is an essential step toward improving the level and reliability of their biocontrol activity. A 0.8 M NaCl concentration was optimal for in vitro survival and growth of IE-6S⁺ while, nematicidal activity by IE-6S⁺ was maximal when the bacterium was exposed to 0.4 M NaCl. The bacterium was highly sensitive to high (1.6 M) NaCl concentration. Culture filtrate of the bacterium resulting from the medium supplemented with 0.2 or 0.4 M NaCl showed the presence of secondary metabolite, hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Soil amendment with IE-6S⁺ alone or in conjunction with up to 0.8 M NaCl enhanced bacterial efficacy towards Meloidogyne javanica, the root-knot nematode. Soil amendment with NaCl up to 0.8 M also resulted in enhanced bacterial rhizosphere colonization and growth of tomato seedlings. Protein content of the shoot was reduced when soil was amended with 1.6 M NaCl. Inner root establishment of the bacterium was greatly affected in the soils treated with 1.6 M NaCl. Under in vitro conditions, IE-6S⁺ showed enhanced growth when kept at ambient oxygen conditions while the growth of bacterium affected when incubated at low oxygen conditions. Culture filtrate of the bacterium resulting from low oxygen level caused greater mortality of M. javanica juveniles in vitro compared with the filtrates obtained from ambient oxygen conditions. Culture filtrate from low oxygen conditions also showed the presence of hydrogen cyanide while those from ambient oxygen condition did not. Under glasshouse conditions, regardless of bacterial application, nematode penetration rate was greater when the pots were watered from the top; nematode penetration was lowered in bacterized pots compared with non-bacterized controls. IE-6S⁺ applied in the pots either watered from the top or bottom had no significant impact on growth of tomato but protein contents of the leaves increased after treatment with the bacterium. Rhizosphere and inner root colonization of the bacterium increased when the pots were watered from the top. Under in vitro conditions, with an increased iron concentration in the form of FeEDDHA, growth of IE-6S⁺ and its nematicidal activity increased. Culture filtrate of IE-6S⁺ obtained from liquid King's B medium supplemented with 0.5 or 1.0 mM FeEDDHA showed the presence of HCN. Under glasshouse conditions, soil treated with FeEDDHA alone did not reduce nematode penetration rates but did reduce greatly when applied in conjunction with IE-6S⁺. FeEDDHA applied at 0.5 mg/kg of soil in combination with IE-6S⁺ significantly enhanced plant growth and leaf protein contents. FeEDDHA at 1 mg/kg of soil increased bacterial populations both in the rhizosphere and inner root tissues of tomato.  相似文献   

Effect of Replacement of Maize with Cassava Peel in Cockerel Diets on Performance and Carcass Characteristics     

Nwokoro SO  Ekhosuehi EI 《Tropical animal health and production》2005,37(6):495-501

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Potential of Fermentation in Detoxifying Toxic Cassava Root Tubers     

Morgan Andama  Julius Bunny  Lejju 《农业科学与技术》2012,(10):1182-1188

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辣椒核质互作雄性不育系与保持系呼吸速率研究     

邓明华  文锦芬  邹学校  何长征  刘志敏  周群初 《云南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2009,24(1):22-25

 以辣椒核质互作雄性不育系9704A,8214A和它们相应的保持系9704B,8214B为材料,研究了叶片和不同发育阶段花蕾的总呼吸速率(Vt)、抗氰呼吸速率(Valt)和抗氰呼吸速率所占总呼吸速率的比例(Valt/Vt)的变化趋势。结果表明：在不育系中,随着花蕾的发育,总呼吸速率(Vt)、抗氰呼吸速率(Valt)和抗氰呼吸速率所占总呼吸速率的比例(Valt/Vt)呈下降趋势;而在保持系中总呼吸速率(Vt)变化趋势不明显,抗氰呼吸速率(Valt)和抗氰呼吸速率所占总呼吸速率的比例(Valt/Vt)呈上升趋势;在叶片中,不育系的总呼吸速率(Vt)、抗氰呼吸速率(Valt)和抗氰呼吸速率所占总呼吸速率的比例(Valt/Vt)均小于保持系。  相似文献   

Impact of sodium cyanide on catalase activity in the freshwater exotic carp, Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus)     

Muniswamy David  Vadingadu Munaswamy  Ramesh Halappa  Shambangouda R. Marigoudar 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2008,92(1):15-18

The Cyprinus carpio fingerlings on exposure to lethal (1 mg/L) and sub lethal concentrations (0.066 mg/L) of sodium cyanide showed inhibition in the activity of catalase. The disruption of catalase activity in freshwater fish, C. carpio is demonstrated in the present study using UV–visible spectrophotometer at 240 nm using hydrogen peroxide as a substrate. It suggests toxic effects of sodium cyanide and consequent accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in the functionally different tissues namely, liver, gill, muscle and brain. This might lead to cellular damages, and create widespread physiological disturbance. The results suggest that catalase activity can be a good diagnostic tool for sodium cyanide toxicity in biomonitoring programme.  相似文献   

Development of a new humane toxin for predator control in New Zealand     

Charles T. EASON  Elaine C. MURPHY  Steve HIX  Duncan B. MACMORRAN 《Integrative zoology》2010,5(1):31-36

The endemic fauna of New Zealand evolved in the absence of mammalian predators and their introduction has been responsible for many extinctions and declines. Introduced species including possums (Trichosurus vulpecula Kerr), ship rats (Rattus rattus L.) and stoats (Mustela erminea L.) are targeted to protect native birds. Control methodologies currently rely largely on labor-intensive trapping or the use of increasingly unpopular poisons, or poisons that are linked with low welfare standards. Hence, the development of safer humane predator toxins and delivery systems is highly desirable. Para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) is being developed as a toxin for feral cats (Felis catus L.) and stoats. Carnivores appear to be much more susceptible to PAPP than birds, so it potentially has high target specificity, at least in New Zealand. Pen trials with 20 feral cats and 15 stoats have been undertaken using meat baits containing a proprietary formulation of PAPP. A PAPP dose of 20–34 mg kg⁻¹ was lethal for feral cats and 37–95 mg kg⁻¹ was lethal for stoats. Our assessments suggest that PAPP, for the control of feral cats and stoats, is a humane and effective toxin. PAPP causes methaemoglobinaemia, resulting in central nervous system anoxia, lethargy and death.  相似文献