Large‐scale patterns of fish diversity and assemblage structure in the longest tropical river in Asia          下载免费PDF全文

Ratha Chea  Sovan Lek  Pengbun Ngor  Gaël Grenouillet 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2017,26(4):575-585

Although the Mekong River is one of the world's 35 biodiversity hot spots, the large‐scale patterns of fish diversity and assemblage structure remain poorly addressed. This study aimed to investigate the fish distribution patterns in the Lower Mekong River (LMR) and to identify their environmental determinants. Daily fish catch data (i.e. from December 2000 to November 2001) at 38 sites distributed along the LMR were related to 15 physicochemical and 19 climatic variables. As a result, four different clusters were defined according to the similarity in assemblage composition and 80 indicator species were identified. While fish species richness was highest in the Mekong delta and lowest in the upper part of the LMR, the diversity index was highest in the middle part of the LMR and lowest in the delta. We found that fish assemblages changed along the environmental gradients and that the main drivers affecting the fish assemblage structure were the seasonal variation of temperature, precipitation, dissolved oxygen, pH and total phosphorus. Specifically, upstream assemblages were characterised by cyprinids and Pangasius catfish, well suited to low temperature, high dissolved oxygen and high pH. Fish assemblages in the delta were dominated by perch‐like fish and clupeids, more tolerant to high temperatures, and high levels of nutrients (nitrates and total phosphorus) and salinity. Overall, the patterns were consistent between seasons. Our study contributes to establishing the first holistic fish community study in the LMR.  相似文献   

政府渔业补助政策与博弈   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

林光纪 《福建水产》2004,(3):45-48

渔业补助政策是政府为弥补市场经济缺陷而采取的重要措施，本文应用博弈论对政府与渔民的互动博弈展开研究，并确立了混合策略模型下的政府和渔民各自最佳选择概率，达到纳什均衡，这对于解释当前政府渔业补助政策内涵与指导修订补助政策有参考意义。  相似文献   

略论西北地区渔业发展现状及对策     

王立新  周继术  苏建国 《畜牧兽医杂志》2004,23(5):13-15

通过对西北地区渔业现状的分析，从中挖掘出西北地区渔业落后的社会经济原因，并结合当前的社会经济状况和渔业发展形势，总结了西北地区渔业发展的优势所在，以此为基础提出了加强市场宣传和资源开发、引进资金和技术以及政策引导等发展西北渔业的几点建议。  相似文献   

河北沿海焦氏舌鳎资源现状分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡保存  齐遵利  高文斌 《河北渔业》2016,(12):13-16

焦氏舌鳎过去利用价值较低,但随着渔业捕捞能力的增强,渔业资源衰退的问题日益突出,焦氏舌鳎的生态优势逐步显现。通过对河北省沿岸焦氏舌鳎近年资源状况进行研究,发现近两年其生态优势度有所提升,群体组成存在小型化、低龄化的特点,就此提出了渔业资源养护相关建议。  相似文献   

船载摇摆胁迫对斑石鲷血液生化指标的影响研究     

张宇雷  管崇武 《中国农学通报》2017,33(29):145-149

为了探索鱼类在船载摇摆条件下的应激响应和适应性,为深远海大型养殖平台养殖工艺设计与模式构建提供基础数据和理论依据,利用机械摇摆台模拟船载工况,研究了不同摇摆周期和时间条件下斑石鲷的血液生化指标变化情况。结果表明:(1)短时间摇摆条件下(5 min),摇摆周期10 s组的斑石鲷与空白组无显著性差异;摇摆周期5 s组的斑石鲷血清葡萄糖显著降低、皮质醇和肾上腺素指标显著升高、肌糖原和肝糖原无显著差异。(2)长时间摇摆条件下(60 min),摇摆周期5 s组和10 s组之间斑石鲷无显著性差异。但是,与空白组相比,血清葡萄糖指标均显著降低,皮质醇和肾上腺素指标也均显著升高,肌糖原和肝糖原指标无显著差异。(3)水质变化情况显示,摇摆60 min对于水温、盐度、pH、溶解氧、氨氮等的影响不显著。根据试验结果认为,短期小幅摇摆对斑石鲷不会造成较大影响,而大幅度剧烈摇摆会引起斑石鲷一定程度的应激反应。  相似文献   

Association between porpoise presence and fish choruses: implications for feeding strategies and ecosystem-based conservation of the East Asian finless porpoise     

Zhaolong CHENG  Yongtao LI  Matthew Keith PINE  Tao ZUO  Mingxiang NIU  Jun WANG 《Integrative zoology》2023,18(1):169-182

The associations between feeding activities and environmental variables inform animal feeding tactics that maximize energetic gains by minimizing energy costs while maximizing feeding success. Relevant studies in aquatic animals, particularly marine mammals, are scarce due to difficulties in the observation of feeding behaviors in aquatic environments. This data scarcity concurrently hinders ecosystem-based fishery management in the context of small toothed-cetacean conservation. In the present study, a passive acoustic monitoring station was deployed in an East Asian finless porpoise habitat in Laizhou Bay to investigate potential relationships between East Asian finless porpoises and their prey. The data revealed that porpoises were acoustically present nearly every day during the survey period. Porpoise detection rates differed between spring and autumn in concert with activities of fish choruses. During spring, fish choruses were present throughout the afternoon, and this was the time when porpoise vocalizations were the most frequently detected. During autumn, when fish choruses were absent, porpoise detection rates decreased, and diurnal patterns were not detected. The close association between fish choruses and finless porpoise activities implies an “eavesdropping” feeding strategy to maximize energetic gains, similar to other toothed cetaceans that are known to engage similar feeding strategies. Underwater noise pollution, particularly those masking fish choruses, could interrupt finless porpoises’ feeding success. Fisheries competing soniferous fishes with finless porpoise could impact finless porpoise viability through ecosystem disruption, in addition to fishing gear entanglement.  相似文献   

渔场鱼量模型的建立     

张虹  董继学 《农机化研究》2005,(5):99-100

微分方程的平衡点可分为稳定和不稳定两种。当轻轻扰动平衡点时，系统状态就会剧烈变化。若新的状态决不会回到原平衡点，此点就是不稳定的；相反，如果一个系统在稳定平衡点附近受到干扰，它总是企图回到平衡点，那么此点就是稳定的。用这一数学工具可以解决诸如渔场鱼量等一系列实际问题。  相似文献   

中国渔业“大国效应”特征、战略选择及其政策建议     

林光纪 《现代渔业信息》2012,27(4):264-271

中国是渔业大国,但与其他渔业大国相比,存在显著不同的发展环境、条件和特点。本文在以往讨论我国渔业大国的基础上,综合学者的研究成果,以"大国效应"为视点,讨论我国渔业大国现象特征、研究其规律;归纳分析了秘鲁、日本和前苏联等渔业大国的"优势陷阱";对我国渔业战略发展提出积极运用渔业大国效应、保持领先发展战略的政策建议。  相似文献   

我国渔业政策与渔业管理问题探讨     

刘克岚  黄硕琳 《上海海洋大学学报》2000,(2):169-171

70年代以来 ,我国黄渤海和东海海域的主要鱼业资源 (ｆｉｓｈｅｒｙｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ)长期处于衰退状况 ,我国政府意识到海洋资源衰退的时间并不算太晚 ,为此制定和实施了一系列的保持渔业资源的文件和管理法规。建国以来 ,与渔业管理相关的法律、法规性规范性文件达 50 0多件[1] 。表 1　渔船总吨位前 5位的国家 (1 995年 )Ｔａｂ .1　Ｄｅｃｋｅｄｆｉｓｈｉｎｇｖｅｓｓｅｌｓ:ｔｏｐｆｉｖｅｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓｂｙｇｒｏｓｓｔｏｎｎａｇｅ(1 995 )国　　家渔船 (百万吨 )中国 5 .5 5俄罗斯 2 .99日本 1.5 1美国 1.40印度 1.0 8　　…  相似文献   

Habitat utilization and vertical movements of white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus) released from commercial and recreational fishing gears in the western North Atlantic Ocean: inferences from short duration pop-up archival satellite tags     

ANDRIJ Z. HORODYSKY  DAVID W. KERSTETTER  ROBERT J. LATOUR  JOHN E. GRAVES 《Fisheries Oceanography》2007,16(3):240-256

Researchers have applied numerous techniques to improve billfish stock assessments, including habitat‐based models that incorporate behavioral and oceanographic parameters to standardize historical catch‐per‐unit‐effort time‐series data. These methods have allowed researchers to account for significant changes in the depths of pelagic longline (PLL) gear deployments over time. This study presents habitat‐use data recovered from high‐resolution 5‐ and 10‐day pop‐up satellite archival tags (PSATs) attached to 47 surviving white marlin released from commercial and recreational fishing gears offshore of the U.S. East Coast, the northern Caribbean, and Venezuela between 2002 and 2004. Data recovered from transmitting tags indicated that white marlin spent nearly half of their time associated with warm, near‐surface waters (<10 m). All fish displayed frequent short duration (mean: 39.8 min) vertical excursions from surface waters to depths averaging 51 m. Qualitative and multivariate classifications of data from completely transmitted movements of surviving white marlin revealed two major types of descents: one pattern was characterized by deep ‘V’‐shaped excursions of relatively short duration (mean: 23.4 min) while the other featured descents that were more broadly ‘U’‐shaped and confined to a specific depth range for an extended period of time (mean: 75.8 min). Based on the frequency, persistence, and patterns of these vertical movements, white marlin appear to direct a considerable proportion of foraging effort well below surface waters, a behavior that may account for relatively high catch rates of white marlin on some deep‐set PLL deployments.  相似文献