外源性谷氨酰胺和谷氨酸对早期断奶仔猪肠粘膜形态、结构和小肠吸收功能及骨骼肌中DNA、RNA浓度的影响   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20  

刘涛  彭健  周诗其  程学慧  陈钢 《中国兽医学报》2003,23(1):62-65

74头28日龄健康二元杂交断奶仔猪分成3组，用于研究外源性谷氨酰胺（glutamine,Gln)和谷氨酰（glutamate, Glu)对断奶仔猪小肠粘膜形态，结构和功能及骨骼肌中DNA，RNA合成的影响。结果表明：与对照组相比，添加1%谷氨酰胺或1%谷氨酸可防止断奶后1周内空肠绒毛萎缩，减少断奶后2周内空肠固有膜内未成熟细胞数；显著改善断奶后1周内小肠吸收功能，并促进肌肉中RNA合成。这些结果为利用Gln、Glu缓解仔猪断奶应激，改善生产性能提供了实验基础。  相似文献   

Assessment of interactions between glutamine and glucose on meat quality,AMPK, and glutamine concentrations in pectoralis major meat of broilers under acute heat stress     

《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2016,25(3):370-378

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of dietary glutamine and glucose on pectoralis major meat quality in broilers under acute heat stress. Three hundred 35-day-old male broilers (Arbor Acres) were randomly divided into 5 groups. Broilers in the positive control group were kept in a thermoneutral environment (23 ± 1°C, RH 45%–55%) and fed a basic diet, whereas the experimental (2 × 2) group was exposed to acute heat stress (34 ± 1°C, RH 65%–75%) for 12 h and fed the basic diet that contained glutamine (0 and 10 g/kg) and glucose (0 and 10 g/kg). Compared with the positive control group, acute heat stress without glutamine and glucose supplementation increased (P < 0.05) drip loss, L* values, and AMPK concentrations, but it decreased (P < 0.05) water-holding capacity, moisture, pH, a* values, b* values, and glutamine concentrations in pectoralis major meat of chickens. However, dietary glutamine (10 g/kg) increased (P < 0.05) water-holding capacity, moisture, pH, a* values, b* values, and glutamine concentrations, while it decreased (P < 0.05) drip loss, L* values, and AMPK concentrations in heat-stressed chicken pectoralis major meat. Dietary glucose (10 g/kg) increased (P < 0.05) water-holding capacity, moisture, pH, and a* and b* values, while it decreased (P < 0.05) L* values and AMPK concentrations of pectoralis major meat in chickens exposed to acute high temperature. There were significant interactions between glutamine and glucose in the water-holding capacity, pH values, AMPK, and glutamine levels of pectoralis major meat in the heat-stressed chickens. The above results suggest that the addition of glutamine and glucose in the diet is necessary for broilers during acute heat stress condition.  相似文献   

The role ofPseudomonas spp. and competition for carbon,nitrogen and iron in the enhancement of appressorium formation byColletotrichum coccodes on velvetleaf     

W. G. D. Fernando  A. K. Watson  T. C. Paulitz 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1996,102(1):1-7

Colletotrichum coccodes is currently being investigated as a mycoherbicide against the weed velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti). Two isolates ofPseudomonas spp. (Ps2 and Ps5) reduced the percentage of germ tubes and increased appressorial formation ofC. coccodes on detached leaves of velvetleaf. A study was conducted to see whether this effect could be attributed to competition for nutrients or iron betweenC. coccodes andPseudomonas spp. Ps2 and Ps5 had no effect on early spore germination, but reduced the percentage of germ tubes at 24 and 30 h, compared to the nontreated control. This reduction was diminished by the addition of nutrients but not Fe³⁺. Ps2 and Ps5 stimulated the formation of dark-coloured appressoria without germ tubes (AWGT), but this stimulation was diminished by the addition of nutrients or Fe³⁺. Germ tube branching at 30 h was also inhibited by the bacteria, but was not diminished by the addition of nutrients or iron. EDTA stimulated conidial germination at 10 h, which was reduced by the addition of Fe³⁺. However, EDTA did not stimulate the formation of appressoria (AWGT). These results suggest that the reduction in the percentage of germ tubes and the increase in the percentage of appressoria induced by the bacteria may be due to the competition for carbon or nitrogen. Iron competition may also be involved in the stimulation of appressorial formation, but not in the reduction in germ tube percentage and branching. Phylloplane bacteria may compete for carbon, nitrogen and iron, limiting the saprophytic phase of the pathogen on the phylloplane and accelerating the development of the parasitic phase. This may enhance the field efficacy ofC. coccodes as a biocontrol agent against velvetleaf.  相似文献   

Detrimental effects on villus form during conventional oralrehydration therapy for diarrhoea in calves; alleviation by a nutrient oral rehydration solution containing glutamine     

H.W. Brooks  G.A. Hall  A.J. Wagstaff  A.R. Michell 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》1998,155(3):263-274

This paper examines the possibility that treatment of diarrhoea with conventional oral rehydration solutions (ORSs) may be detrimental to villus structure by imposing nutrient deprivation and that such detrimental effects may be reduced or avoided by using a nutrient ORS. A conventional WHO-type ORS (W) was compared with two nutrient solutions (N and G) both containing high glucose concentrations and the latter containing glutamine; their effects on enteric structure were assessed by morphometric analysis of samples obtained from diarrhoeic calves after 96h treatment. Comparisons were also made with samples from controls and diarrhoeic calves at the stage where oral rehydration would have begun in the treated groups. As in our previous ORS studies, diarrhoea was induced with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (09:K30:K99). We measured villus length and width, crypt depth and width and calculated villus surface area in proximal, mid and distal small intestine (PSI, MSI, DSI), using standard morphometric techniques. Proximal and distal spiral colon samples (PC, DC) were examined for crypt depth and width; mitoses per crypt were counted in samples from all regions. Non-diarrhoeic calves showed the expected gradient of villus length through PSI, MSI and DSI, hence data for each region are normalized as a percentage of the control value for that region. PSI showed the greatest loss of villus length and surface area (50%) with diarrhoea. In MSI and DSI the villus loss was greater with solution W and N or G, as were increased mitoses and crypt depth. Crypt depth and mitoses also increased in the colon with solution W. Colonic crypt width increased with diarrhoea and conventional oral rehydration but less so with G; there is reason to believe that such changes have functional significance. Crypt changes in colon, MSI and DSI were least with solution G. The changes developing in diarrhoeic calves prior to treatment were thus less apparent in those treated with a nutritional ORS, particularly if it contained glutamine.  相似文献   

谷氨酰胺对水生动物的抗氧化作用及其机理     

许友卿  易波  丁兆坤 《饲料工业》2013,(4)

文章主要综述了谷氨酰胺(glutamine, Gln)对水生动物的抗氧化作用及其机理,旨在深入理解、研究、利用和调控Gln在水生动物上的抗氧化作用,提高水生动物的健康水平,促进生长和发育,发展可持续的渔业.  相似文献   

Influence of in ovo inoculation with various nutrients and egg size on broiler performance     

《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2010,19(1):1-12

This study evaluated the influence of inoculation of different nutrients into eggs of 18-d-old broiler embryos. On d 18 of incubation, before transferring, eggs were injected with a solution containing either maltose, a multivitamin supplement, zinc-glycine, glutamine, a mixture containing all these elements, or sodium chloride (control). After hatching, 2,400 male broiler chicks were placed in an experimental broiler house and distributed into 60 floor pens in a completely randomized design comprising a 2 × 6 factorial arrangement of treatments (2 egg weights × 6 solutions), for a total of 12 treatments. Birds and feed consumption were measured weekly. At 42 d of age, 3 birds per replicate pen were randomly selected for processing. Birds derived from heavier eggs had greater hatchability and hatching weight. At 42 d of age, birds from heavier eggs had higher BW, carcass weight, and breast meat weight. The livability of birds derived from heavy eggs was higher at 7 and 14 d of age. The in ovo inoculation of the nutrients to 18-d-old embryos did not influence live performance or carcass traits. The technique of in ovo inoculation of certain nutrients may be used in industrial poultry production, but further studies are required to define the best solutions or mixture of nutrients to be used.  相似文献   

牛磺酸、谷酰胺、改良CR1和改良CR2培养液对牛受精卵体外发育的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

卢晟盛 《广西农业生物科学》1999,18(4):267-269

本研究探讨了牛磺酸、谷酰胺、改良CR1 (CR1 无机盐成分 10% 胎牛血清) 和改良CR2 培养液(改良CR1 液 1 m m ol/L谷酰胺和绵羊输卵管分泌液浓度的多种氨基酸)对牛卵子体外受精后的分裂率、囊胚率和囊胚细胞数的影响。结果表明: 牛磺酸和谷酰胺对牛卵子受精后体外发育的影响依赖于胚胎培养液种类; 利用改良CR1 和改良CR2 培养液可成功生产可移植胚胎, 但它们所生产的可移植胚胎的效率无显著差异, 利用改良CR1 培养液生产可移植胚胎的成本更低一些。  相似文献   

Nitrogen‐form preference of Pinus densiflora seedlings is affected by ectomycorrhizal association     

Izuki Endo  Mariko Norisada  Satoshi Kogawara  Taizo Hogetsu  Katsumi Kojima 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2009,172(5):623-625

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谷氨酰胺对湖羊精液4℃保存效果的影响     

郭良勇  周俊波  曹访  王翀  郑开之  吴建良  黄杰  王卫星 《畜牧与兽医》2022,(2):22-26

为研究湖羊稀释液中添加谷氨酰胺(Gln)对湖羊精液4℃保存效果的影响,在前期筛选的基础稀释液中添加0、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0、8.0 mg/L的Gln, 4℃条件下保存96 h,每隔24 h检测精子活力、顶体完整率、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和丙二醛(MDA)含量指标。结果显示:添加0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0 mg/L的Gln可以有效提高4℃保存条件下的精子活力、顶体完整率和T-AOC水平,并有效抑制MDA的生成(P<0.01),且4.0 mg/L添加浓度保存效果最好,而8.0 mg/L的添加浓度则不利于精液保存。提示:在湖羊精液稀释液中添加4.0 mg/L Gln可有效提高湖羊精液4℃保存的效果。  相似文献   

谷氨酰胺对高温下黄羽肉鸡增重及血液生化指标的影响   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

黄冠庆  林红英  黄晓亮 《中国畜牧兽医》2006,33(2):3-5

选用42日龄健康“岭南黄”黄羽肉鸡60只,饲养于32±2℃的封闭舍内,随机分成4组,A组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,B、C和D组为试验组,分别在基础日粮中添加0.2%、0.5%和0.8%的谷氨酰胺,试验期14 d。试验结果表明,高温下在日粮中添加谷氨酰胺能提高黄羽肉鸡的平均日增重,其中添加0.5%谷氨酰胺的效果显著(P<0.05),其显著提高49、56日龄的血清总蛋白含量(P<0.05),添加0.2%谷氨酰胺显著降低56日龄的血清尿素氮含量(P<0.05),添加谷氨酰胺对血清中的葡萄糖含量无影响(P>0.05)。说明谷氨酰胺有缓解肉鸡高温应激的作用。  相似文献