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1.
To assess the usefulness of the doubled haploid (DH) method in the breeding of forage grasses, a sample of anther-derived progeny of pentaploid F1 hybrids of Festuca arundinacea × Lolium multifiorum was karyotyped using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). The technique allowed scoring of the total number of chromosomes, the number of chromosomes contributed by each parent, and the number and positions of the Festuca-Lolium translocation breakpoints. Among 27 plants analysed, 13 belonged to three clones, effectively reducing the number of different progeny karyotyped to 17. These included 10 haploids, five doubled haploids and two plants for which the origins could not be explained. In all plants analysed, a mixture of chromosomes of both parents was present, including an average of 1.88 intergeneric translocations per plant. The translocation breakpoints were distributed along almost the entire length of the chromosome arms. Chromosome variation among androgenic progeny appeared much wider than that in the conventional backcross but low vigour and high mortality suggest that this additional variation may be difficult to exploit directly in breeding. However, a change in the pattern of recombination makes the entire genome accessible to manipulation. 相似文献
2.
Karyotypic and electrophoretic studies on taro and its origin 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Summary Karyotypes and electrophoretic pattern of 15 strains of taro were studied. Strains collected from the northeast India hill state, Meghalaya were diploids and triploids whereas those from the plains of south India were diploids and of north India was a triploid. The diploids had 2n=28 and triploids showed 2n=42 chromosomes. The wild taro had the most asymmetrical karyotype. The protein content varied from 4.2 to 11.4 mg/g dry wt. The maximum protein content was found in a triploid strain 8 (11.4 mg/g dry wt) and minimum in the wild taro (4.2 mg/g dry wt). The number of protein bands was 7 in the wild taro (diploid) and 12 in one of the cultivated triploid strain. Meghalaya strains showed great variation with respect to leaf size and tuber shape and size. All the strains have diverged at morphological, karyotypic and genotypic levels. It is suggested that taro might have originated in the north-eastern India. 相似文献
3.
C-banded karyotypes and meiotic abnormalities in germplasm derived from interploidy crosses in Avena
C-banded karyotypes of somatic chromosomes and meiotic abnormalities were investigated in four crown rust resistant lines
derived from interploidy crosses in Avena.C-banding revealed that line N770-165-2-1 contained a 6C/21translocation while line DCS1789 contained a pair of A. strigosa chromosomes substituted for A. sativachromosome 12. Line JR2-3-3-B contained both the 6C/21 translocation and the pair of substituted A. strigosachromosomes, but line MAM17-4 contained neither. Although meiotic irregularities, including mispositioned bivalents, occurred
in all four lines and in their F1 hybrids with A. sativa, the percentages of normal meiosis ranged from 75.4 to 88.6%. This allowed for stability of line performance and for their
use as breeding stocks.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
串珠镰孢D和E两个交配群电泳核型的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用脉冲电泳技术研究了串珠镰孢Ｄ交配群和Ｅ交配群间及同一交配群的寄主和地区来源菌株电泳核型的相似性或多样性。结果显示,串珠镰孢Ｄ交配群菌株有９～１０条染色体,不同染色体ＤＮＡ分子量范围为０．７～６．１Ｍｂ,基因组大小约为３３．３～３７．９Ｍｂ;Ｅ效配群供试菌株分离出４～７条染色体,染色体ＤＮＡ分子量变化范围为０．７～４．８Ｍｂ,部分基因组大小约为９．０～２１．４Ｍｂ。电泳核型分析结果表明,在串珠镰 相似文献
5.
三份偃麦草种质的染色体核型分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选用产地来源不同的3份偃麦草的种子为试验材料,采用根尖压片法进行细胞染色体核型分析,旨在为其细胞学特性和演化趋势的研究奠定科学基础。结果表明,来源于俄罗斯列宁格勒的偃麦草种质ER044染色体数目为2n=6X=42,染色体相对长度组成为:4L+14M2+20M1+4S,核型公式为:K(2n)=6X=42=2M+32m+8sm。来源于阿富汗喀布尔的偃麦草种质ER058染色体数目为2n=6X=42,染色体相对长度组成为: 2L+20M2+16M1+4S,核型公式K(2n)=6X=42=30m+12sm(2sat)。采自于中国新疆的偃麦草种质ER132染色体数目为2n=6X=42,染色体相对长度组成为:4L+16M2+16M1+6S,核型公式为:K(2n)=6X=42=32m+8sm(4sat)+2st。3份偃麦草种质的染色体核型均属于“2B”类型。 相似文献
6.
选用从国外引进的中间偃麦草(Elytrigia intermedia)和长穗偃麦草(E.elongata)种子为材料,采用根尖压片法进行细胞染色体核型分析。结果表明,中间偃麦草染色体数目为2n=6x=42,染色体相对长度组成为：10L+10M2+12M1+10S,核型公式为：K(2n)=6x=42=34m+8sm,属于“2B”类型。长穗偃麦草染色体数目为2n=10x=70,染色体相对长度组成为:10L+22M2+30M1+8S,核型公式为：K(2n)=10x=70=38m+22sm+8st+2t,属于“2B”类型。本研究结果可以为中间偃麦草和长穗偃麦草的细胞学特性和遗传机制的研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
7.
8.
闽香鳢(斑鳢♀×乌鳢♂)及其亲本染色体组型的比较 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以闽香鳢及其亲本乌鳢和斑鳢为材料,取头肾做3种鱼的染色体组型图,发现闽香鳢染色体数为45,是亲本配子染色体数之和;通过染色体组型分析发现闽香鳢的染色体组型公式为2n=3m 6sm 36st,t,臂数NF=54,个别染色体可分辩出其来源。研究表明,闽香鳢遗传了其父本、母本各一套的染色体(n),是斑鳢与乌鳢的杂交种;染色体数和闽香鳢1号特异染色体可做为闽香鳢的鉴定指标。随机取样发现子一代闽香鳢存在性腺发育Ⅲ期以上的雌性个体,而未发现有性腺成熟的雄性个体,可能存在雄性不育。 相似文献
9.
Luis Henrique Weber Maria Teresa Schifino-Wittmann 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1999,46(3):207-211
V. sativa L. sensu strictu was introduced in Rio Grande do Sul (Southern Brazil) by Italian settlers and is nowadays cultivated for forage in backyards and fields. V. angustifolia L. is a widespread highly polymorphic naturalized ruderal. Both taxa grow sympatrically and morphologically transitional types are often found. We analyzed 37 accessions of V. sativa, V. angustifolia, intermediate types, and V. cordata Wulf. ex. Hoppe from Rio Grande do Sul, for karyotypes, corolla and legume color, seed color pattern, pod constrictions and phenological development. Karyotypes allowed a clear distinction between the taxa: V. sativa (2n=12) had a metacentric marker chromosome, V. angustifolia and intermediate types (2n=12) only acrocentric chromosomes and V. cordata presented 2n=10. Flowering and fruiting periods were shorter for V. sativa than for V. angustifolia, which was separated into early and late flowering groups. Qualitative characters separated the taxa by Jaccard coefficients into three groups: V. sativa at 0.5 similarity level, V. angustifolia and intermediate types at 0.6 and V. cordata joined V. sativa at 0.12. Our results show that karyotypes and a range of qualitative characters are diagnostic for the aggregate represented in Southern Brazil. 相似文献
10.
Detailed karyotypes and 4C DNA amounts have been studied in five cultivars of Cajanus cajan and 20 species belonging to Cajanus, Rhynchosia, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx. C. cajan shows intraspecific variability and its karyotype is most similar to that of C. cajanifolius (sect. Cajanus) in the morphology and number of satellite chromosomes and the lack of any correlation between chromosome size within the complement and asymmetry. Karyotypes of C. lineatus and C. sericeus belonging to sect. Atylia are similar with respect to maximum r-index and the ratio of longest and shortest chromosomes in their respective complements. C. acutifolius (sect. Frutocosa) is distinct in having a very low ratio (1.44) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes, while in C. albicans, C. goensis, C. scarabaeoides (sect. Cantharospermum) there is no chromosome pair with r-index >2.0. C. mollis and C. volubilis (sect. Volubilis) show similarity with regard to ratio between the longest and the shortest chromosomes and a distinct chromosome pair with an arm ratio of 2.7 and C. platycarpus is distinct (sect. Rhynchosoides) in having the smallest ratio (1.36) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes. 4C DNA amounts in Cajanus and Rhynchosia vary between 3.28 pg to 11.69 pg and 4.92 pg to 11.13 pg respectively, while in Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx these vary between 4.70 and 7:06 pg. In the genus Cajanus karyotypic features and 4C DNA amounts agree with the sectional classification and bring out a close relationship between C. cajan and C. cajanifolius. This is supported by studies based on seed protein patterns, isozyme analysis, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor patterns, RFLP and RAPD data and crossability relationships. A clear relation between DNA amount and abnormalities effecting the extent of pairing and recombination in interspecific hybrids shows the importance of this study in developing future breeding programme involving C. cajan and its wild relatives that are of potential value. 相似文献